A Wideband Eight-Element Antenna Array With Metal: Frame for 5G New-Radio Applications by Wei Luo, Lefei He, Shanshan Xiao, Gui Liu

“…Several indicators, such as the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), and mean effective gain (MEG), confirm the antenna’s robust MIMO performance, with strong correlation between simulation and measurement.…”
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Four Element MIMO Antenna Systems with Decoupling Lines for High-Speed 5G Wireless Data Communication by Imaculate Rosaline, Arvind Kumar, Prashant Upadhyay, Abu Hena Murshed

“…Other MIMO performance metrics such as the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), channel capacity loss (CCL), diversity gain (DG), and total active reflection coefficient (TARC) are examined, and the results are found to be satisfactory for the device to be used for mm-wave 5G MIMO applications. …”
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Characteristic Mode-Based Neutralization Line Design for MIMO Antenna by Yitian Sun, Minmin Tian, G. S. Cheng

“…In addition, the proposed antenna also has a low envelop correlation coefficient (ECC < 0.3), high diversity gains, and low total active reflection coefficient (TARC) in the frequency band of interest. …”
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High Isolation and Ideal Correlation Using Spatial Diversity in a Compact MIMO Antenna for Fifth-Generation Applications by Doae El Hadri, Alia Zakriti, Asmaa Zugari, Mohssine El Ouahabi, Jamal El Aoufi

“…The MIMO parameters, such as diversity gain (DG), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), realized gain, and efficiency, are also studied. …”
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A dual-port MIMO antenna system for 5G and Wi-Fi 6E communications using a parasitic element by Aziz Dkiouak, Faouzi Rahmani, Mohssine El Ouahabi, Alia Zakriti, Mostafa Baghouri, Anass El Mamouni

“…Also, for verification of MIMO system characteristics, diversity gain (DG), envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), total active reflection coefficient (TARC) and channel capacity loss (CCL) are analysed and used to investigate the proposed MIMO antenna diversity performance.…”
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Gain and isolation improvement techniques for MIMO antenna: A compendious survey by Jayaraman G, Indrasen Singh, Dilip Kumar Choudhary

“…MIMO antenna performance parameters like correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), and channel capacity loss (CCL) are explained. …”
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Self-Decoupled Quad-Port CPW-Fed Fractal MIMO Antenna With UWB Characteristics by Mian Muhammad Kamal, Binghao Wang, Nosherwan Shoaib, Umair Rafique, Muhammad Inam Abbasi, Muhammad Ramlee Kamarudin

“…Furthermore, MIMO performance parameters such as envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of < 0.008, mean effective gain (MEG) of < −3 dB, channel capacity loss (CCL) of < 0.25 bps/Hz, and total active reflection coefficient (TARC) of > 20 dB are obtained from the proposed UWB MIMO antenna.…”
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A common grounded ultra-wideband diversity/MIMO antenna with high inter-element isolation by Shailesh, Garima Srivastava, Sachin Kumar, Deepti Sharma, Bhawna Goyal, Naglaa F. Soliman

“…Additionally, it maintains acceptable MIMO diversity parameters like envelope correlation coefficient of less than 0.05, diversity gain of almost 10 dB, channel capacity loss of less than 0.4 bps/Hz, total active reflection coefficient of less than 10 dB, and mean effective gain ratio of 0 dB over the operating band, while achieving an impressive 10 dB impedance bandwidth (IBW) spanning (126.48%) from 3.24 to 14.39 GHz. …”
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Decoupling Structure for High-Bandwidth Multiport Monopole Antennas in K-Band and 5G Applications by Daniyal Ali Sehrai, Saad Hassan Kiani, Tanweer Ali, Muhammad Inam Abbasi, Muhammad Ramlee Kamarudin, Abeer D. Algarni, Hela Elmannai

“…Several performance metrics, including total active reflection coefficient (TARC), diversity gain (DG), envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), and channel capacity loss (CCL), are evaluated and show satisfactory performance within the operating bandwidth. …”
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Four-Element MIMO Patch Antenna With High Gain, High Isolation, and Polarization Diversity Characteristics for 28-GHz Applications by Hela Elmannai, Umair Rafique, Hüseyin Şerif Savci, Muhammad Usman Tahir, Mujeeb Abdullah, Abeer D. Algarni, Mariana Dalarsson

“…Furthermore, MIMO system parameters such as envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) <0.003, diversity gain (DG) >10 dB, total active reflection coefficient (TARC) < −10 dB, and channel capacity loss (CCL) <0.5 bps/Hz are observed, which fall within the operational limits. …”
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Super low profile 5G mmWave highly isolated MIMO antenna with 360∘ pattern diversity for smart city IoT and vehicular communication by Dipon Saha, Illani Mohd Nawi, M.A. Zakariya

“…The proposed MIMO antenna model with substrate-loaded metamaterial demonstrates 8 GHz instantaneous bandwidth (33.1 GHz - 41.1 GHz), 0.001 envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG) greater than 9.99 dB, channel capacity loss (CCL) less than 0.2bits/s/Hz, and a total active reflection coefficient (TARC) of 25 dB, which suggests that the diversity characteristics of the MIMO antenna system is impressive. …”
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Four-Element Meandered Sunflower MIMO Antenna for Ultra-Wideband Systems by Ijaz Ahmad, Yuhuai Liu, Fang Wang, Mian Muhamad Kamal, Parveez Shariff B. G., Nosherwan Shoaib, Hala Mostafa, Mariana Dalarsson

“…Additionally, key parameters for MIMO performance include an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) below 0.002, mean effective gain (MEG) less than −3 dB, channel capacity loss (CCL) under 0.25 bps/Hz, and a total active reflection coefficient (TARC) below −20 dB.…”
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A Dual-Polarized and Broadband Multiple-Antenna System for 5G Cellular Communications by Haleh Jahanbakhsh Basherlou, Naser Ojaroudi Parchin, Chan Hwang See

“…Furthermore, it achieves low ECC (Envelope Correlation Coefficient) and TARC (Total Active Reflection Coefficient) values, measuring better than 0.005 and −20 dB, respectively. …”
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Encyclopedic approach to Marine History of Russia by Andrey V. Ishin

“…In the Marine doctrine of Russian Federation is writtenin: «The skilled providing, marine teaching and education play an important role in the increase of efficiency of marine activity. They are directed on preparation, bringing in and maintainance of skilled shots of all levels, maintenance of professionalism, marine traditions and not indifferent relation of citizens to marine history of country, serve positive presentation, propaganda and support of national marine policy, to marine activity and marine service in society».Marine direction, marine science about regions found a reflection in the publications of row of the Russian authors, devoted research of policy of Russia in such regions, as: Black Sea region, Caspian region, Arctic, and also in the series of Encyclopaedias, devoted the Seas of Russia.…”
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The influence of Ag+, Zn2+ and Cu2+ exchanged zeolite on antimicrobial and long term in vitro stability of medical grade polyether polyurethane by R. E. Aune, Gy. Czel, M. M. Perez-Madrigal, P. Kaali, S. Karlsson, E. Stromberg

“…As a result of the invitro test, degradation of the composites were observed and the structural changes of the materials were detected and described by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Contact Angle measurements and Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.…”
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Design and construction Optically Gas Laser by Baghdad Science Journal

“…The maximum pulse laser energy parameters was measured. Total pressure and ratio of active gases to optimized the output pulse energy were measured , where at 125 mbar of total pressure and 1:7:14 Cl2:H2: He ratio, the laser energy was measured to be 200 mJ at pumping four flash lamps energy in the order of 6400J .The resonator consists of copper a near hemispherical mirror with the radius of curvature 3m coated by gold and reflectivity 98%,the output coupler sapphire mirror of 63% reflectivity . …”
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Machine Learning Aided Tapered Four-Port MIMO Antenna for V2X Communications With Enhanced Gain and Isolation by Nagesh Kallollu Narayanaswamy, Yazeed Alzahrani, Krishna Kanth Varma Penmatsa, Ashish Pandey, Ajay Kumar Dwivedi, Vivek Singh, Manoj Tolani

“…Further, to validate the MIMO antenna characteristics, different diversity parameters have been calculated such as ECC (Envelope Correlation Coefficient), DG (Diversity Gain), CCL (Channel Capacity Loss), and TARC (Total Active Reflection Coefficient). The fabricated antenna is modeled, and measured findings are found to be in coherence with simulated findings.…”
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Computer vision-based location-aware antenna system for 5G applications by Irshad Ali T K, Ansal K A, Sumitha Mathew, Rashida K

“…The performance metrics of the MIMO antennas demonstrate promising results, with isolation between elements exceeding 28 dB, an Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) of less than 0.05, a Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC) below -10 dB, and the ratio of Mean Effective Gain (MEG) consistently within the specified range. …”
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DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC CHANGES CHARACTERIZING THE RURAL POPULATION IN ROMANIA by Agatha POPESCU, Toma Adrian DINU, Elena STOIAN

“…About 4 million persons, i.e. 44.73 % of the country active population is in the rural space. Also, the elder age groups have a higher share in the economically active rural population. …”
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Boosting C-C Coupling for Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction over Novel Cu-Cubic Catalysts with an Amorphous Shell by Hanlin Wang, Tian Wang, Gaigai Dong, Linbo Zhang, Fan Pan, Yunqing Zhu

“…In situ attenuated total reflectance surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS) revealed that introducing an amorphous shell and abundant defects altered both the intermediate species and reaction pathways on the AS-Cu-5 catalyst’s surface, favoring C₂H₄ formation. …”
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