Precipitation of Calcium Phosphates in the Presence of Collagen Type I on Four Different Bioactive Titanium Surfaces: an in Vitro Study by Victoria F. Stenport, Julia Olander, Per Kjellin, Fredrik Currie, Young-Taeg Sul, Anna Arvidsson

“…Material and Methods: Blasted titanium discs were treated with four different surface modifications, alkali and heat, sodium fluoride, anodic oxidation and hydroxyapatite coating. …”
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In situ Surface Polishing Enables VOC Approaching 95% of the Theoretical Limit for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells by Han‐Wen Zhang, Yan‐Gang Bi, Yi‐Fan Wang, Mu Lin, Chang Liu, Jing Feng

“…Here, a simple additive‐free in situ surface polishing (ISSP) strategy is proposed to reconstruct the surface of perovskite films and mitigate VOC loss. …”
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Effect of ultrasonic nanocrystalline surface modification on hardness and elastic modulus of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by Zarina Aringozhina, Nurtoleu Magazov, Bauyrzhan Rakhadilov, Gulzhaz Uazyrkhanova, Auezhan Amanov

“…This study examined the effect of ultrasonic nanocrystalline surface modification (UNSM) on the mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy. …”
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Bio-inspired surface engineered multilayer Janus membrane for efficient desalination of highly saline water in membrane distillation by Aminu Doguwa, Mohammed Abdul Azeem, Hilal Ahmad, Dahiru Umar Lawal, Turki Nabieh Baroud

“…To address these issues and efficiently treat highly saline water, this study presents a nature-inspired approach to fabricating a robust multilayer Janus membrane using a gecko-inspired adhesion mechanism. …”
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Optimization of Disinfection of Raw Wheat Sprout by Combination of Ultrasonic and Citric Acid Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) by Maryam Safarirad, Fatemeh Hemmati, Sara Jafari, Enayat Berizi, Azam Abbasi

“…A central composite design (CCD) within the framework of the response surface methodology (RSM) enabled the modeling and optimization of the process parameters. …”
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Effect of pH of In-Office Bleaching Gels and Timing of Fluoride Gel Application on Microhardness and Surface Morphology of Enamel by Fariba Motevasselian, Hamid Kermanshah, Dorara Dortaj, Frank Lippert

“…To assess microhardness (VH) of enamel treated with two in-office bleaching agents with different pH and to study the effect of post- and prebleaching fluoride therapy. …”
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Antiacne Gel Containing Aloe vera and Clindamycin Phosphate: Design, Characterization, and Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology by Tayyaba Rana, Muhammad Zaman, Mahtab Ahmed Khan, Abdul Qayyum Khan, Muhammad Jamshaid, Nehal Ahmed Talaat Nouh, Fatma M. El-Demerdash, Mohamed Kamel, Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim, Ghadeer M. Albadrani, Sumiyya Javaid, Zainab Naeem

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Reinforce the surface properties of domestic garbage activated carbon by low temperature plasma accustomed in energy storage applications by Vijayalakshmi K.A, sowmiya K C

“…Hydrophilic nature is occurred when treated with air plasma.  According to these findings, air plasma treatment of mixed fruit peel activated carbon improves its surface characteristics, making it suitable for electrode in energy storage applications.…”
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Self‐Recovery of Carbonate‐Contaminated Strontium Titanate (100) Vicinal Surfaces Imaged by Tip‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy by Mohammad Bakhtbidar, Daniel Gueckelhorn, Marivi Fernández‐Serra, Yon Leandro Leibas López, Alexandre Merlen, Andreas Ruediger

“…On SrO‐terminated (100) surfaces, carbon dioxide (CO2) is a common chemisorption, altering the electronic and chemical properties. …”
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Surface water quality assessment and probable health threats of metal exposure in the Tano South Municipality, Ahafo, Ghana by Jackson Adiyiah Nyantakyi, Lilian Sarpong, Roland Boadi Mensah, Samuel Wiafe

“…Findings serve as a representative case study for other districts and call on water managers to treat surface waters to guard against harmful health consequences and safeguard the designated buffer zones.…”
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The Influence of Different Surface Cleansing Agents on Shear Bond Strength of Contaminated Lithium Disilicate Ceramic: An In Vitro Study by Taksid Charasseangpaisarn, Pattarawadee Krassanairawiwong, Chanidapa Sangkanchanavanich, Atima Kurjirattikan, Kanyarak Kunyawatyuwapong, Natlada Tantivasin

“…The first group was noncontaminated surface (PC). The six other groups were contaminated with the saliva and silicone disclosing medium and treated with no surface cleansing agent (NC); phosphoric acid (PO); Ivoclean (IV); sodium hydroxide solution (NA); Restorative Cleansing Agent (RC); and hydrofluoric acid (HF). …”
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Effect of hydrofluoric acid-based etchant at an elevated temperature on the bond strength and surface topography of Y-TZP ceramics by Mi-Kyung Yu, Myung-Jin Lim, Noo-Ri Na, Kwang-Won Lee

“…ObjectivesThis study investigated the effects of a hydrofluoric acid (HA; solution of hydrogen fluoride [HF] in water)-based smart etching (SE) solution at an elevated temperature on yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) ceramics in terms of bond strength and morphological changes.Materials and MethodsEighty sintered Y-TZP specimens were prepared for shear bond strength (SBS) testing. The bonding surface of the Y-TZP specimens was treated with 37% phosphoric acid etching at 20°C–25°C, 4% HA etching at 20°C–25°C, or HA-based SE at 70°C–80°C. …”
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Real estate for fusion: An anatomical comparison of surface area between cervical facet joints and the intervertebral disc space by Christopher Seidel, Clifford Pierre, Luke Jouppi, Luke DiPasquale, Chelsea Bush, Anna Anderson, Amit R. Patel

“…Introduction: Cervical stenosis may be treated surgically with anterior or posterior decompression with or without fixation. …”
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Underwater fiber laser removal of synthetically cultured Caulobacter crescentus biofilms on aluminium using response surface methodology by Hawa Ringkai, Khairul Fikri Tamrin, Ngieng Ngui Sing, Abdullah Yassin, Awang Ahmad Sallehin Awang Husaini, Jamil Musel

“…Abstract Biofouling can be considered the accumulation of microorganisms and other organisms on submerged surfaces. It poses operational and economic challenges across marine, industrial, and freshwater systems. …”
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Long-Term Outcomes of Allogeneic Ocular Surface Reconstruction: Keratolimbal Allograft (KLAL) Followed by Penetrating Keratoplasty (PK) by Katarzyna Krysik, Dariusz Dobrowolski, Dorota Tarnawska, Edward Wylegala, Anita Lyssek-Boroń

“…Visual function remains the second aim of treatment; the primary one is to stabilize the surface.…”
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Beyond the Surface: A Unique Presentation of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia as Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Case Report by Amirhossein Mirhosseini, Mirmassoud Shariat, Mandana Ebrahimi, Negar Saeedy, Behnaz Nouri

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Tear Ferning Test and Pathological Effects on Ocular Surface before and after Topical Cyclosporine in Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis Patients by Marcella Nebbioso, Marta Sacchetti, Guia Bianchi, Anna Maria Zicari, Marzia Duse, Paola Del Regno, Alessandro Lambiase

“…Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a rare ocular surface inflammatory disease that affects mainly boys in the first decade of life. …”
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Surface display of Nocardia seriolae HRP1 on Bacillus subtilis and its application as live vaccine for largemouth bass by Fengli Zhang, Ji-Tong Li, Tengyuan Zhang, Xiao Wang, Yuanyuan Yao, Zhigang Zhou

“…Intensive farming causes multiple diseases, especially hard-to-treat nocardiosis. Vaccines are an effective and safe prevention and control strategy against fish diseases. …”
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Reduced Ocular Surface Inflammation in SMILE Patients: The Beneficial Outcome of 0.1% Ciclosporin Cationic Emulsion Treatment by Ng ALK, Lam DKT

“…These results suggest that 0.1% CsA-CE treatment lowers ocular surface damage and might thus benefit the recovery process of patients treated with this form of laser refractive surgery.Keywords: SMILE, refractive surgery, dry eye disease, ciclosporin, ocular surface…”
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Evaluation of impact of surface dynamic subsidence on construction of pumped storage hydropower plants in abandoned open-pit mines by Yang LI, Xinghai LEI, Nan WANG, Yuqi REN, Xiangyang JIN, Ke WANG, Kuichao JIANG, Peng GE, Xue XIA, Tiezheng LI, Xiaoming SHI, Yuliang WANG

“…The use of grouting filling to treat gobs can effectively control the impact of surface dynamic subsidence (reducing the subsidence value by 85% on average). …”
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