A Lightweight Deep Learning Network with an Optimized Attention Module for Aluminum Surface Defect Detection by Yizhe Li, Yidong Xie, Hu He

“…The experimental results show a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 94.25%, with individual Average Precision (AP) values exceeding 80%, meeting industrial standards for defect detection.…”
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Optimizing Defect Detection on Glossy and Curved Surfaces Using Deep Learning and Advanced Imaging Systems by Joung-Hwan Yoon, Chibuzo Nwabufo Okwuosa, Nnamdi Chukwunweike Aronwora, Jang-Wook Hur

“…Image fault detection and classification have also been implemented industrially for product defect detection, as well as for maintaining standards and optimizing processes using AI. However, there are deep concerns regarding the latency in the performance of AI for fault detection in glossy and curved surface products, due to their nature and reflective surfaces, which hinder the adequate capturing of defective areas using traditional cameras. …”
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Development of a Multi-Sensor GNSS-IoT System for Precise Water Surface Elevation Measurement by Jun Wang, Matthew C. Garthwaite, Charles Wang, Lee Hellen

“…WSE data derived from the system were compared against independent reference measurements from the reservoir operator, achieving an accuracy of 7 mm for 6 h averaged solutions and 28 mm for epoch-by-epoch solutions. …”
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Impact of Target Surface Building Direction on the Heat Transfer Characteristics of Additive Manufactured Impingement Systems by Tommaso Bacci, Alessio Picchi, Luca Innocenti, Francesco Morante, Bruno Facchini

“…As one of the main parameters affecting AM-generated roughness, the building direction of the target surface was varied in order to highlight its impact on the overall performance comparing four different building directions with a smooth reference target plate made by standard CNC machining.…”
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Cross Spectral Analysis of CODAR-SeaSonde Echoes from Sea Surface and Ionosphere at Taiwan by Chien-Ya Wang, Ching-Lun Su, Kang-Hung Wu, Yen-Hsyang Chu

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EER-DETR: An Improved Method for Detecting Defects on the Surface of Solar Panels Based on RT-DETR by Jiajun Dun, Hai Yang, Shixin Yuan, Ying Tang

“…In the context of the rapid popularization of clean energy, the precise identification of surface defects on photovoltaic modules has become a core technical bottleneck limiting the operational efficiency of power stations. …”
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Validation of Replicable Pipeline 3D Surface Reconstruction for Patient-Specific Abdominal Aortic Lumen Diagnostics by Edoardo Ugolini, Giorgio La Civita, Moad Al Aidroos, Samuele Salti, Giuseppe Lisanti, Emanuele Ghedini, Gianluca Faggioli, Mauro Gargiulo, Giovanni Rossi

“…The algorithm demonstrated robustness with an average F1-score of 0.850 ± 0.120 and an intersection over union score of 0.760 ± 0.150 in the test set. …”
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Ultrasensitive Chemical Analysis on Gold Nano Popcorn Substrate Using Digital Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering by Soyeon Lee, Jaebum Choo

“…This study presents a digital surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) method to enhance the sensitivity of SERS detection for low-concentration analytes. …”
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The Gas-Phase Heats of Formation of n-Alkanes as a Function of the Electrostatic Potential Extrema on their Molecular Surfaces by Fakhr M. Abu-Awwad

“…It is shown that gas-phase heats of formation of the alkanes can be represented quantitatively in terms of the potential, where a general equation of the heat of formation is introduced as a function of potentials' extrema, VS,min and VS,max with average absolute error of 0.028 kcal/mol and a standard deviation of 0.048 kcal/mol. …”
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Spatio-temporal Evolution of Land Surface Temperature and Its Response to LULC in the Urban Agglomeration of Central Yunnan by LIN Zhiqiang, PENG Shuangyun, SHI Shuangfu, HUANG Bangmei, MA Dongling, ZHU Ziyi, MA Xiaoliang, GONG Luping

“…[Objective] To investigate the spatial and temporal variations of land surface temperature (LST) in central Yunnan urban agglomeration and its relationship with land use/land cover (LULC) types. …”
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EFFECT OF ZIGZAG AND LINE PRINTING PATTERN ON TENSILE STRENGTH AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING PRODUCT by Ayu Perwita Sari, Fatkur Rhohman, Ayis Nuredi Winata, Frendy Edo Herlanto, Abdul Munir Hidayat Syah Lubis, Agus Dwi Anggono

“…The roughness test is obtained to determine the average surface roughness (Ra), root mean square roughness (Rq), and ten-point height (Rz). …”
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Assessing the Combined Impact of Land Surface Temperature and Droughts to Heatwaves over Europe Between 2003 and 2023 by Foteini Karinou, Ilias Agathangelidis, Constantinos Cartalis

“…This study analyzes land surface temperature (LST) observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) between 2003 and 2023 to identify thermal anomalies associated with heatwaves. …”
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Evaluation and Source of Heavy Metal Pollution in Surface Soils in Typical Alpine Agricultural Areas of Qinghai Province by Wenming LI, Zhao SUN, Xiaoyan CHEN, Xiaoyan YANG, Jianqiang LI, Tianhu LI

“…The average contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Pb and Hg were 0.14, 63.15, 23.84, 13.85, 30.65, 74.96, 23.2, and 0.02mg/kg, respectively, that were all far lower than the screening standard of soil environmental quality. …”
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Intraocular pressure correlation to progressive retinal nerve fiber layer loss in primary open angle glaucoma as measured by standard and modified goldmann applanation tonometers by Sean McCafferty, Manjool Shah, Anupam Laul, Khin Kilgore

“…Results For all 148 POAG eyes, the overall rate of RNFL loss for an average standard GAT IOP of 17.9 mmHg was 1.08 µm per year (p = 0.002). …”
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Volumetric measurement of sleep bruxism-like indentations on acrylic surface using intraoral scanner and inlay wax by Thaviporn Limrachtamorn, Teekayu Plangkoon Jorns, Supanigar Ruangsri, Rajda Chaichit, Jarin Paphangkorakit

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Mine hoisting steel wire rope surface damage image recognition based on improved YOLOv8n by MAO Qinghua, YANG Fan, WANG Chao, TONG Xuyao, TONG Junwei, ZHANG Xuhui, XUE Xusheng

“…To address issues such as background interference caused by oil stains covering the surface of mine hoisting steel wire ropes, large gaps between rope strands leading to feature confusion, and the difficulty in identifying small target damages, a surface damage image recognition method for mine hoisting steel wire ropes based on an improved YOLOv8n model was proposed. …”
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DECIPHeR-GW v1: a coupled hydrological model with improved representation of surface–groundwater interactions by Y. Zheng, Y. Zheng, G. Coxon, M. Rahman, R. Woods, S. Salwey, S. Salwey, S. Salwey, Y. Rong, D. E. Wendt

“…Our coupled model was set up at 1 <span class="inline-formula">km</span> spatial resolution for the groundwater model, and the average size of the surface water HRUs was 0.31 <span class="inline-formula">km²</span>. …”
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Automated Analysis of Vertebral Body Surface Roughness for Adult Age Estimation: Ellipse Fitting and Machine-Learning Approach by Erhan Kartal, Yasin Etli

“…We evaluated an objective surface roughness metric, the “average distance to the fitted ellipse” score (DS), calculated automatically for every vertebra from C7 to S1 on routine CT images. …”
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Adjusting dialysis dose (Kt) scaled to Body Surface Area (BSA) could be a more logical approach. by Wei Liu, Zhenguo Qiao, Yan Xu, Qin Zhang, Mengmeng Xie, Chunyuan Ma

“…Concurrently, linear regression analysis was applied to Kt/V and Kt/BSA, as well as to pairs of V and BSA, to elucidate the relationships among these variables. The average Kt/V ratio was 1.50 with a standard deviation of 0.28. …”
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Long-term variations of global radiation in Central Europe 1950–2020 and their impact on terrestrial surface air warming by Jürg Thudium, Carine Chélala

“…The applicability of this approach was ensured by a set of five statistical standard tests.The overall temperature increase from 1950–2020 (about +2.1 °C in the annual and summer semi-annual average at the six measuring stations) is dominated by the temporally continuous temperature increase (global warming). …”
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