Mathematical modelling of an ultrasonic flowmeter primary device by S. WALUŚ

“…Also the model for an average velocity measurement over the surface of the ultrasonic transducer inserted in flow area is given. …”
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Performance Analysis of Underwater Wireless Sensor Network by Deploying FTP, CBR, and VBR as Applications by K. Sathish, C. V. Ravikumar, Asadi Srinivasulu, Anand Kumar Gupta

“…Oceans cover more than 75% of the planet’s land surface, making it the most water-rich place on the Earth. …”
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Assessment of Groundwater Recharge Using WetSpass-M and MODFLOW Coupling in Jedeb Watershed, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia by Tade Mule Asrade, Kassahun Birhanu Tadesse, Mulu Sewinet Kerebih, Solomon Bogale Ayinalem

“…This means that the depth of the groundwater affects the recharge estimate and vice versa. The average yearly evapotranspiration, surface runoff, and groundwater recharge were determined using WetSpass-M to be 574, 898, and 99 mm, respectively. …”
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Assessment of thermal resistance of snow cover in Spitsbergen. by N. I. Osokin, A. V. Sosnovsky

“…The results of calculation demonstrated that the average temperature of the snow surface can be used to estimate the temperature gradient in a snow cover when its thickness exceeds 50 cm. …”
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Meat colour characteristics of different productive types domestic quails by H. Lukanov

“…The lowest lightness values (L*) were detected on M. p. superficialis facies medialis and the outer surface of M. p. profundus. The highest average meat redness was detected on M. p. superficialis facies medialis and the lowest - in thigh muscles (M. iliotibialis). …”
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SORGHUM - AN IMPORTANT CEREAL IN THE WORLD, IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND ROMANIA by Agatha POPESCU, Toma Adrian DINU, Elena STOIAN

“…In 2017, the world Sorghum production reached 63.9 million tonnes, and the average yield 1,427 kg/ha. The main producers of Sorghum are the USA, Nigeria, Sudan, Mexico, Ethiopia and India. …”
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Effectiveness of various endodontic systems in treating teeth with C-shaped root canals by Irina V. Firsova, Natalia N. Trigolos, Nikolay N. Yaroshenko, Eduard S. Temkin, Maria V. Kabytova

“…The scanning electron microscopy revealed a rougher surface of dentin and the remnants of stained layer in root canals treated with GF system. …”
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Investigation of the micro- and nano-structure of liver cells cultured on biodegradable silk fibroin-based scaffolds using scanning probe optical nanotomography by O. I. Agapova, A. E. Efimov, L. A. Safonova, M. M. Bobrova, I. I. Agapov

“…The average surface roughness of the liver cells Ra was found to be 124.8 ± 8.2 nm, while the effective surface area σ was 1.13 ± 0.02. …”
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Global land system maps at 1 km resolution for 1.5 °C climate by Yifan Gao, Haewon McJeon, Yang Ou, Li Chen, Jiaying Lv, Delin Fang, Yuanhui Wang, Sijing Ye, Changqing Song, Peichao Gao

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Effect of alkali activated potassium persulfate solution immersion on wettability and pore structure of coking coal by Jun DAI, Yuzhen ZHANG, Juan YANG, Leisi XU, Jianping WEI

“…After immersing by AAP solution with the optimal composition, average pore diameter of micropores increased by 44.64% and specific surface area decreased by 65.48%. …”
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Effect of swing arc process on forming quality，microstructure and mechanical properties of Al5356 straight-wall components manufactured by wire-arc additive manufacturing by WANG Jin, SUN Gaoming, YANG Quantao, SHI Qiuyue, SUN Jianxin, ZHANG Yuanhao

“…Within the experimental parameters， applying an arc swing reduces the surface waviness of Al5356 straight-wall samples by 60% compared to those produced without an arc swing. …”
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Modeling spatial and temporal groundwater recharge dynamics using the newly physically-based coupled model in Tana sub-basin, Ethiopia by Kibru Gedam Berhanu, Samuel Dagalo Hatiye, Tarun Kumar Lohani

“…However, estimation of spatiotemporal groundwater recharge using vigorous modeling approach that integrates surface water and rainfall recharge sources was not given much attention. …”
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Influence of Surfactant on the Morphology of Copper Oxide Prepared from Acidic Etching Waste Solutions by ZHANG Tianchun, WU Daoxin, JIANG Zhengjin, XIAO Zhongliang

“…In order to study the effects of four surfactants， dodecyl dimethylamine ethylene lactone (BS-12)， sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)，cetyl pyridinium bromide (CPDB) and Tween-80， as well as their addition sequence and calcination temperature， on the morphology and particle size of copper oxide (CuO) prepared from acid etching waste solution.The microstructure of CuO was characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and infrared spectrometer (FT-IR).The micro-topography of copper oxide was examined with scanning electron microscope(SEM).The particle size distribution and thermal stability of CuO were investigated through particle size analysis and thermogravimetric (TG)testing.Molecular dynamics calculations were conducted using the Forcite module in MS software under the COMPASS force field to study the energy changes during the adsorption process of surfactant molecules on the CuO surface.Results showed that after the addition of surfactants，CuO particles exhibited uniform distribution and consistent size.The four optimal surfactants were identified as BS-12， SDS， CPDB and Tween-80.The order in which the surfactants were added did not affect the composition or morphology of the CuO product.The CuO samples prepared with BS-12 added first had a smaller average particle size compared to those with BS-12 added later， with sizes of 2.85 nm and 7.50 nm， respectively.When calcined at 400 ℃， CuO particles prepared with BS-12， SDS， CPDB and Tween-80 all exhibited irregular sheet-like structures with increased average particle sizes of 25，27，40 and 55 nm，respectively.After simulated motion，all four surfactants spontaneously adsorbed onto the CuO surface， with temperature and energy stabilizing rapidly after brief fluctuations， indicating the relative stability of the adsorption model systems.The adsorption energies of BS-12， SDS， CPDB and Tween-80 on the CuO surface were -762.73， -556.10，-619.47 and -739.81 kcal/mol， respectively， with the adsorption strength ranked as BS-12＞Tween-80＞CPDB＞SDS.The addition of surfactants in the preparation of CuO from acidic etching waste liquids effectively improved the uniformity of CuO particles.…”
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Automatic pelvic fracture segmentation: a deep learning approach and benchmark dataset by Yanzhen Liu, Sutuke Yibulayimu, Gang Zhu, Chao Shi, Chendi Liang, Chunpeng Zhao, Xinbao Wu, Yudi Sang, Yu Wang, Yu Wang

“…We propose a distance-weighted loss to guide the fracture segmentation network's attention on the fracture surface. Additionally, multi-scale deep supervision and smooth transition strategies are incorporated to enhance overall performance.ResultsTested on a curated dataset of 150 CTs, which we have made publicly available, our method achieves an average Dice coefficient of 0.986 and an average symmetric surface distance of 0.234 mm.DiscussionThe method outperformed traditional max-flow and a transformer-based method, demonstrating its effectiveness in handling complex fracture.…”
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Electro-discharge deposition of zinc powder on 316L stainless steel: Synthesis, deposition rate, and characterization by Elhuseini Garba, Ahmad Majdi Abdul-Rani, Abdul Azeez Abdu Aliyu, Aliyu Ruwaida, Saad Ali

“…Screening results revealed that discharge current, pulse-on time, and powder concentration were the most significant parameters. The average predicted errors of 2.055%, 6.782%, and 2.396% for material deposition rate, tool wear rate, and surface roughness were achieved, respectively. …”
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Evolution of Vegetation Landscape Pattern Dynamics in Ejina Delta, Northwest China—Before and After Ecological Water Diversion by Jingru Dong, Chaoyang Du, Jingjie Yu

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Latent Heat Flux (Evapotranspiration) in Summer Season on Rooftop Greening Soil with Bamboo Charcoal Sublayer at a Building in West Japan by Ling Pi, Kaneyuki Nakane

“…The monthly net radiation flux for an entire day (daytime and nighttime) ranged between 55 and 125 W/m2 (average: 95 W/m2) for the summer season of which 32-66% (average: 48%) was occupied by latent heat. …”
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Estimating Molar Root Volume from Panoramic Radiographs Using a Geometric Approach—An Experimental Method Comparison by Katharina Hartmann, Markus Tröltzsch, Sven Otto, Matthias Tröltzsch

“…The factor “r” (obtained by dividing the true root volume from CBCT by the total root surface from PR) was computed as 8.04 (±1.90). Using “r” for the volume calculation in the cuboid model, an average volume of 472.37 (±152.92) for the 27 molars was computed. …”
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Study on the Structure and Properties of M2 Coating Prepared by Ultrahigh-Speed Laser Cladding Technology by WANG Jingshi, GE Chengjie, ZHANG Qinhao, REN Lu, CHEN Xiuyong, SUO Xinkun

“…As a new type of surface engineering technology， ultrahigh-speed laser cladding technology has the advantages of rapid processing，precision control， and low thermal influence， which is applicable to the preparation of coatings on a variety of materials.In order to study the effect of cladding speed on the microstructure and properties of M2 coatings， M2 coatings were prepared on the surface of Q235 steel using ultrahigh-speed laser cladding technology.The influence of cladding speed on the microstructure and properties of the coatings was studied.The microstructure， phase composition， hardness， wear resistance， and corrosion resistance of the coatings were tested using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)， X-ray diffraction (XRD)， a hardness tester， a tribometer， and an electrochemical workstation， respectively.Results showed that at a cladding speed of 1.2 m/min， the coating was seamlessly bonded to the substrate， with a microhardness of 757.1 HV， a friction coefficient of 0.448， and a corrosion current density Jcorr of 1.98 × 10-6 A/cm2.As the cladding speed increased， gaps appeared at the coating-substrate interface， grain size decreased， dilution rate decreased， hardness increased， and friction coefficient decreased.At a cladding speed of 40.0 m/min， larger cracks formed at the coating-substrate interface， with an equivalent average grain diameter of 1.76 μm， a dilution rate of 6.8%， an average microhardness of 828.1 HV， an average friction coefficient of 0.345， and a corrosion current density Jcorr of 1.26 ×10-7 A/cm2.The cladding speed had a significant impact on the macroscopic morphology and performance of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding coatings.With increasing cladding speed，cracks appeared in the coating region，while the equivalent diameter of the grains decreased and the hardness， wear resistance， and corrosion resistance improved.The phase composition of all coatings consisted of martensite， retained austenite， and carbides.This work provides a theoretical basis for the preparation and parameter optimization of M2 high-speed steel materials.…”
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Studies on the Climate Effects of Black Carbon Aerosols in China and Their Sensitivity to Particle Size and Optical Parameters by Xingxing Ma, Hongnian Liu, Xueyuan Wang, Zhen Peng

“…When using the new optical parameters scheme, the regional average surface concentrations of BC in four modes are 0.372, 0.264, 0.055 and 0.004 μg/m3, respectively. …”
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