Modification of surface layers of metal parts by pulse laser processing by M. N. Vereschagin, S. N. Tselueva, M. Yu. Tseluev

“…At an average level of energy input, a process of laser surfacing of the material occurs, while a high adhesive bond between the coating and the workpiece is fixed. …”
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Path Planning of Surface vessel based on improved IRRT* algorithm by Hao Yu, Xin Wang, Hao Peng

“…This study addresses the limitations of traditional path planning algorithms, such as lengthy path planning, prolonged planning time, and non-compliance with the kinematic laws of surface vessels, an improved IRRT* algorithm suitable for Surface vessel path planning in complex water environment is proposed to make it conform to the kinematic characteristics of Surface vessels. …”
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Assessing Different Stubble Tillage Technologies on Covered and Uncovered Surfaces by Zoltán Kende, Norbert Egri, Márta Birkás, Márton Jolánkai, Viola Kunos, Boglárka Bozóki, Ákos Tarnawa

“…This study evaluates the impact of ten stubble tillage methods, cultivators, and disk harrows, on clay loam soil under uncovered and mulched conditions during a wetter-than-average (+20% precipitation) summer in 2020. Key parameters such as soil moisture, penetration resistance, soil structure, surface coverage, and earthworm abundance were assessed. …”
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Anisotropy of surface morphology of carbonate rocks after reaction with acid by Jian Yang, Jian Min, Junliang Peng, Qin Li, Zhouyang Wang

“…According to the statistics of all experimental data, the larger average drop height of rock surface is distributed in the direction of parallel acid flow, the larger drop height range is distributed in the direction of vertical acid flow and other directions, and the larger roughness coefficient is distributed in other directions.…”
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Modeling and analysis for surface texturing on soft sliders in mixed lubrication by Sen Jiang, Qi Liu, Hua Ji, Wei Wang, Zhaozhe Meng, Jiawei Wang, Guangneng Dong

“…It is found that the local deformations in different dimples may have a synergistic effect on providing additional hydrodynamic load support, termed the “barrel-like equivalent surface effect”. The textures concentrate the contact pressure at the dimple edges but may reduce the average contact pressure.…”
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Control of Heat Exchanger with Variable Heat Transfer Surface Area by Sit M.L., Patsiuk V.I., Juravliov A.A., Burciu V.I., Timchenko D.V.

“…A method has been developed for solving differential-integral equations of heat exchanger stat-ics with an insert (HEI), which allowed analytically expressing the ratio of average integral heat carrier temperatures in a heat exchanger depending on the heat exchanger length, which allows building a control system for a heat exchanger with a variable heat exchange surface area.…”
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Smoothening Perfluoroalkylated Surfaces: Liquid‐Like Despite Molecular Rigidity? by Parham Koochak, Mariia S. Kiseleva, Sakari Lepikko, Mika Latikka, Robin H. A. Ras, William S. Y. Wong

“…Abstract The rational design of surfaces at the molecular level is essential toward realizing many engineering applications. …”
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The Influence of Meteorological Conditions and Seasons on Surface Ozone in Chonburi, Thailand by Sawaeng Kawichai, Wissanupong Kliengchuay, Htoo Wai Aung, Sarima Niampradit, Rachaneekorn Mingkhwan, Talisa Niemmanee, Wechapraan Srimanus, Walaiporn Phonphan, San Suwanmanee, Kraichat Tantrakarnapa

“…This study aims to examine the relationship between meteorological factors, specifically temperature, solar radiation, and ozone concentration levels. Levels of surface ozone were monitored (O₃) in Chonburi, Thailand (located at 3.2017° N, 101.2524° E), from January 2010 to December 2020. …”
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Method for Identifying Abnormal Hot Spots on the Surface of Composite Insulators by LIU Yao

“…【Objective】To avoid the operational risk of high-voltage transmission lines caused by thermal faults of composite insulators, a method for identifying abnormal hot spots on the surface of composite insulators is studied.【Methods】Three types of abnormal surface heating forms of composite insulators, current heating type, voltage heating type, and comprehensive heating type, are analyzed. …”
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Optimisation of Goose oil extraction process by response surface methodology by Junli Ning, Mengqing Xiang, Xueli Li, Xinyue Li, Qi Tang, Yan Jiang, Junli Ning

“…Abstract This study aimed to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of goose fat using response surface methodology (RSM) with a four-factor, three-level experimental design to obtain high-quality goose fat that meets national standards. …”
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Antioxidant action of L-cysteine anchored on the surface of magnetite nanoparticles by Tatiane Britos, Nicole Santana, Maria Lucia Schumacher, Emerson Barbosa, Ariane de Espindola, Camila Chagas, Fernando L.A. Fonseca, Fabio F. Ferreira, Paula S. Haddad

“…In vitro biological assays show the antioxidant effect of L-Cysteine on the surface of the nanoparticles.…”
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Effects of different polishing systems on the surface roughness of two ceromers by Iris Durães, Giulian Lennon Macêdo, Cristal Fernandez Carvalho, Viviane Maia Barreto Oliveira, Emilena Maria Castor Xisto Lima

“…The parameter evaluated was the average surface roughness (Ra) determined by using a profilometer SJ 301 (Mitutoyo, Japan), followed by photographic evaluation images through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), with a 1000x magnification range. …”
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Surface roughness of glazed feldspar, alumina, and zirconia-based ceramics by Karla Z. Kantorski, Luiz Felipe Valandro, Roberto Scotti, Álvaro D. Bona, Marco Antonio Bottino

“… The aim of this study was to compare the mean surface roughness (Ra) of feldspar-, alumina-, and zirconia-based ceramics, testing the hypothesis that the feldspathic ceramics have lower average surface roughness (Ra) than the ceramics used for infrastructure. …”
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DVCW-YOLO for Printed Circuit Board Surface Defect Detection by Pei Shi, Yuyang Zhang, Yunqin Cao, Jiadong Sun, Deji Chen, Liang Kuang

“…The accurate and efficient detection of printed circuit board (PCB) surface defects is crucial to the electronic information manufacturing industry. …”
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An Assessment of Organics Detection and Characterization on the Surface of Europa with Infrared Spectroscopy by Ishan Mishra, Nikole Lewis, Jonathan Lunine, Kevin P. Hand

“…Organics, if they do exist on Europa, may only be present in trace amounts on the surface. NASA’s upcoming mission Europa Clipper is going to provide global, high-quality data of the surface of Europa in the near-infrared (NIR), specifically the 3–5 μ m region, where organics are rich in spectroscopic features. …”
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Impact of tropical Cyclone Marcus on ocean subsurface and surface layers by A.F. Koropitan, M.H.I. Khaldun, Y. Naulita

“…The present study applies the Argo Float data located near the peak of the Cyclone Markus path and could capture the subsurface layer vertically that has never been reported previously.METHODS: This study performs Copernicus data set and Argo Float data to analyze the oceanographic feature of the region before, during, and after Cyclone Marcus.FINDINGS: The average surface current velocity increased almost two times during Cyclone Marcus, and the eddy was formed in the clockwise direction following the surface wind pattern. …”
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Detection of water surface targets based on improved Deformable DETR by Pengjiu WANG, Junbin Gong, Wei LUO, Xiao HUANG, Junjie GUO

“…Objective With technological advancements and the increasing demand for water resource exploration, water surface target detection plays a crucial role in various applications, such as ship navigation and maritime safety. …”
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SWOT Water Surface Elevation in Herbaceous Wetlands of Florida's Everglades by Solomon Kica, Tamlin M. Pavelsky, Jessica V. Fayne, Brent A. Williams

“…Comparison of SWOT water surface elevation (WSE) measurements against in situ water levels from 5 August 2023 to 30 March 2024, shows strong positive correlation (r > 0.99) and mean absolute error of 6.7 cm for WSEs averaged over 1 km2 regions. …”
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Subgrid channel formulation in an integrated surface-subsurface hydrologic model by Amelia Peeples, Reed M. Maxwell, Reed M. Maxwell, Reed M. Maxwell

“…In hydrologic modeling, the assumption of homogeneity within a cell averages all variability finer than the model resolution. …”
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Mechanisms of surface solar irradiance variability under broken clouds by W. Mol, C. van Heerwaarden

“…Lastly, under optically thick cloud cover, surface albedo enhances radiative fluxes due to multiple scatterings between surface and cloud. …”
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