Observational Evidence for Two Modes of Coupling Between Sea Surface Temperatures, Tropospheric Temperature Profile, and Shortwave Cloud Radiative Effect in the Tropics by S. Fueglistaler

“…Abstract Tropical average shortwave cloud radiative effect (SWCRE) anomalies observed by CERES/EBAF v4 are explained by observed average sea surface temperature ( SST‾) and the difference between the warmest 30% where deep convection occurs and SST‾(SST#). …”
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Surface modification of AISI 316 L stainless steel with polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan/sol-gel bioactive glass coating by electrospinning method by Masoud Rezaei, Sayed Mahmood Rabiee, Rohollah Jamaati, Shahrzad Rahmani

“…The electrospinning of the samples was continued for 1 h with the following parameters: voltage = 25 kV, distance = 15 cm, and flow rate = 0.1 ml/h. The average diameter and distribution of nanofibers, chemical analysis, and wettability of the sample surface were characterized by FESEM, FTIR, and contact angle tests. …”
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ASSESSMENT OF ANGULAR DEVIATIONS OF THE VERTICAL SURFACES OF TEETH STUMPS OBTAINED DURING ODONTOPREPARATION FOR FIXED ORTHOPEDIC STRUCTURES (METAL-CERAMIC AND SOLID CROWNS) by I. O. Buentsov

“…Based on the data  obtained, calculate the average value for the group and identify which surfaces of the stump are most prone to errors during odontopreparation. …”
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Sustainable Combined Process for Improving Surface Integrity and Fatigue Strength of Heat-Treated 42CrMo4 Steel Shafts and Axles by Jordan Maximov, Galya Duncheva, Angel Anchev, Vladimir Dunchev, Kalin Anastasov, Mariana Ichkova

“…With increasing burnishing force, the average roughness of Ra decreases, the microhardness increases, and the surface axial residual stresses increase in absolute value. …”
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Multi-scale attention patching encoder network: a deployable model for continuous estimation of hand kinematics from surface electromyographic signals by Chuang Lin, Qiong Xiao, Penghui Zhao

“…Abstract Background Simultaneous and proportional control (SPC) based on surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals has emerged as a research hotspot in the field of human–machine interaction (HMI). …”
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The relationship between urban vegetation and land surface temperature in Isfahan city using Landsat TM and OLI satellite images and LST index by Marzieh Niliyeh Brojeni, Mozhgan Ahmadi Nadoushan

“…The objectives of this study were to prepare land use maps and NDVI vegetation index, as well as land surface temperature maps, and to study the distribution of thermal patterns of land surface and temporal and spatial variations of vegetation and their relation in Isfahan from 1985 to 2016. …”
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Drought–flood abrupt alternation events increase soil nitrogen loss via surface runoff in a typical grain base in China by Wuxia Bi, Yong Hu, Baisha Weng, Dawei Zhang, Fan Wang, Wenqing Lin, Weiqi Wang, Guoqiang Dong, Denghua Yan

“…The highest average annual soil N loss shifted from the southwestern to the central and southeastern Northern Anhui Plain. …”
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Experimental determination of the recovery factor on cylindrically flow-around temperature sensors Part 2: Determination of the local, tangential surface temperature distribution by Andreas Huster, Simon Paymal

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Application of silica (SiO2) nanofluid and Gemini surfactants to improve the viscous behavior and surface tension of water-based drilling fluids by Godwin Nten-ochuwe Abang, Yeap Swee Pin, Norida Ridzuan

“…Also, when combined with silica-nanoparticles showed better thermal stability with an 11% average change in viscosity with increasing temperature and a decrease in surface tension and filtration loss both showing a 17% and 12% decrease respectively.…”
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Surface Classification from Robot Internal Measurement Unit Time-Series Data Using Cascaded and Parallel Deep Learning Fusion Models by Ghaith Al-refai, Dina Karasneh, Hisham Elmoaqet, Mutaz Ryalat, Natheer Almtireen

“…Surface classification is critical for ground robots operating in diverse environments, as it improves mobility, stability, and adaptability. …”
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Tribological, Thermal, Kinetic, and Surface Microtextural Characterization of Prime p-Type <100> Silicon Wafer CMP for Direct Wafer Bonding Applications by Michelle Yap, Catherine Yap, Yasa Sampurno, Glenn Whitener, Jason Keleher, Len Borucki, Ara Philipossian

“…In all cases, we achieved excellent post-polish surfaces with <i>S_a</i> and <i>S_q</i> values of below 1 nm. …”
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Preliminary assessment of microplastic pollution in surface waters of the Santos Basin: abundance and diversity in the most important oil and gas exploration hub in Brazil by Hudson Carvalho Ferreira, Gisele Lôbo-Hajdu

“… Microplastics (Mps) are pervasive in the surface waters of the Santos Basin, a critical maritime zone along the Southeast coast of Brazil, vital to both fishing and oil production. …”
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Shear Resistance and Surface Design of 3D Printed Dowels Made from Different Materials in Glued Scots Pine Furniture Joints by Samet Demirel, Barış Koylu, Nada Mteraf, Kutay Çava, Mustafa Aslan

“…Results indicated that the highest shear value was given by the straight dowels joints produced from tough resin with an average value of 2845 N. This was followed by the shear resistance values ​​of grooved dowels with 2819 N and cross dowels with 2725 N. …”
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Enhanced Unmanned Surface Vehicle Path Planning Based on the Pair Barracuda Swarm Optimization Algorithm: Implementation and Performance in Thousand Island Lake by Binghua Shi, Zeyu Liu, Zhou He, Chen Wang, Jia Guo

“…The path planning problem for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) is related to multiobjective optimization, including shortest path, minimum energy consumption, and obstacle avoidance, making it particularly complex in multi-island and multiobstacle environments such as Thousand Island Lake. …”
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150-year daily data (1870–2021) in lakes and rivers reveals intensifying surface water warming and heatwaves in the Pannonian Ecoregion (Hungary) by Huan Li, Jiang Sun, Quan Zhou, Mariusz Sojka, Mariusz Ptak, Yi Luo, Sirui Wu, Senlin Zhu, Viktor R. Tóth

“…Study focus: Bridging the gap between atmospheric influences and aquatic environments, this study embarked on a comprehensive reconstruction of daily surface water temperatures across lakes and rivers within the Pannonian Ecoregion over an extensive period of 150 years (1870–2021). …”
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Assessing the Therapeutic Effect of 630 nm Light-Emitting Diodes Irradiation on the Recovery of Exercise-Induced Hand Muscle Fatigue with Surface Electromyogram by Dandan Yang, Xiaoying Wu, Wensheng Hou, Xiaolin Zheng, Jun Zheng, Yingtao Jiang

“…This paper aims to investigate the effect of light emitting diode therapy (LEDT) on exercise-induced hand muscle fatigue by measuring the surface electromyography (sEMG) of flexor digitorum superficialis. …”
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Sliding friction-induced surface reinforcement in AgCuNi–WS2–MoS2 composites: Exploring friction performance enhancements by Xiuchong Zhu, Youwang Tu, Lei Zhang, Yong He, Bo Luo, Xiao Kang, Yanmin Liu

“…In addition, micron scratch tests showed that the average coefficient of friction of the composites was reduced by 16.5% from 0.236 to 0.197 at a load of 150 mN. …”
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Setup Accuracy and Efficiency of Real-Time Video Assistance for Surface-Guided Positioning in Radiation Therapy of Right-Sided Locoregional Breast Cancer by Jørund Graadal Svestad, MA, Stine Gyland Mikalsen, PhD, Mojgan Heydari, MA, Regine Hjort Francke, BA, Maziar Hervani, BA, Taran Paulsen Hellebust, PhD

“…Purpose: Real-time video assistance in combination with surface guidance (SG) has been introduced in radiation therapy. …”
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Superheated Steam Can Rapidly Inactivate Bacteria, But Manual Operation of Commercial Units Resulted in Limited Efficacy During Dry Surface Sanitization by Jakob Baker, Yadwinder Singh Rana, Long Chen, Maria Amalia Beary, V.M. Balasubramaniam, Abigail B. Snyder

“…Human subjects (N = 24) who completed trainings were asked to treat inoculated stainless-steel surfaces. While training improved manual operation of the unit and microbial inactivation of E. faecium (p < 0.05), the highest average reduction achieved by human subjects was only 3.6 ± 1.3 log CFU/cm2. …”
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Study on Soil Freeze–Thaw and Surface Deformation Patterns in the Qilian Mountains Alpine Permafrost Region Using SBAS-InSAR Technique by Zelong Xue, Shangmin Zhao, Bin Zhang

“…Therefore, timely research on surface deformation and the freeze–thaw patterns of alpine permafrost in the Qilian Mountains is imperative. …”
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