Effect of Powder Recycling on the Surface and Selected Technological Properties of M300 Maraging Steel Produced via the SLM Method by Abdesselam Mechali, Josef Hlinka, Michal Kresta, Marin Petrovic, Jakub Mesicek, Ibrahim Jahan, Jiri Hajnys, Jana Petru

“…The microstructure was examined. Additionally, the surface wettability was tested, and it was seen to display wetting behavior for both types of powder, while blackened surfaces showed a higher wetting angle than untreated surfaces (hydrophobic). …”
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Batch growth of wafer-scale nanocrystalline NbSe₂ film for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy by Lin Huihui, Li Yiwen, Li Yuxin, Li Meng-Xuan, Wu Luyan, Chen Zhaolong, Li Jing

“…Noble metal-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged as an ultrasensitive technique capable of detecting single molecules through their unique vibrational signatures. …”
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Risk Assessment and Influencing Factors Analysis of Heavy Metals in Soil of Non-Surface Coal Mines in Southern Hebei Province by Silin LI, Hefeng WANG, Jia LIU, Anbing ZHANG, Kaihao WEI, Bin LI

“…Non-surface coal mining is an important means to obtain coal resources. …”
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Satellite-Based Prediction of Water Turbidity Using Surface Reflectance and Field Spectral Data in a Dynamic Tropical Lake by Elsa Pereyra-Laguna, Valeria Ojeda-Castillo, Enrique J. Herrera-López, Jorge del Real-Olvera, Leonel Hernández-Mena, Ramiro Vallejo-Rodríguez, Jesús Díaz

“…The annual model demonstrated acceptable performance (R² = 0.72), effectively capturing the spatial variability and temporal dynamics of the average annual turbidity for the whole lake. Historical turbidity data (2000–2018) and a particular case study in 2016 were used as a reference for statistical validation, confirming the model’s applicability under varying hydrological conditions. …”
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Time-of-flight-based advanced surface reconstruction methods for real-time volume estimation of bulk harvested wild blueberries by Connor C. Mullins, Travis J. Esau, Qamar U. Zaman, Ahmad A. Al-Mallahi, Aitazaz A. Farooque, Craig B. MacEachern

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Optical Properties of Near-Surface Cloud Layers and Their Interactions with Aerosol Layers: A Case Study of Australia Based on CALIPSO by Miao Zhang, Yating Zhang, Yingfei Wang, Jiwen Liang, Zilu Yue, Wenkai Song, Ge Han

“…Pronounced diurnal variations were observed, with nighttime CODL showing systematic enhancement effects (up to 19.29 maximum values compared to daytime 11.43), primarily attributed to surface radiative cooling processes. Cloud base heights (CBL) exhibited counterintuitive nighttime increases (41% on average), reflecting fundamental differences in cloud formation mechanisms between day and night. …”
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Blood anti-surface proteins Echovirus 30 (<i>Enterovirus, Picornaviridae</i>) antibodies in residents of the Nizhny Novgorod region by Dmitrii A. Melentev, D. V. Novikov, V. A. Lapin, E. V. Mokhonova, М. I. Tsiganova, E. A. Manakova, V. V. Novikov

“…The virus capsid surface contains proteins VP1, VP2 and VP3 with homologous epitopes common to other enterovirus proteins, which allows them to be used as an antigen for antibody detection. …”
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Spatial distribution and risk assessment of microplastics in surface sediments in semi-enclosed waters: a case study of Laizhou Bay by Xuzhen Zhang, Xuzhen Zhang, Xuzhen Zhang, Xuzhen Zhang, Hongxian Chu, Hongxian Chu, Meiling Yin, Meiling Yin, Yadong Liu, Yadong Liu, Peng Chen, Peng Chen, Qiangqiang Zhang, Qiangqiang Zhang, Xuejian Dai, Linghao Kong, Linghao Kong, Linghao Kong

“…In this research, we conducted a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the distribution patterns and ecological risks related to MPs found in the surface sediments of Laizhou Bay. We gathered surface sediments from various locations within the bay, which were then processed and analyzed to assess the MP content. …”
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Inferences from Surface Brightness Fluctuations of Zwicky 3146 via the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Effect and X-Ray Observations by Charles E. Romero, Massimo Gaspari, Gerrit Schellenberger, Tanay Bhandarkar, Mark Devlin, Simon R. Dicker, William Forman, Rishi Khatri, Ralph Kraft, Luca Di Mascolo, Brian S. Mason, Emily Moravec, Tony Mroczkowski, Paul Nulsen, John Orlowski-Scherer, Karen Perez Sarmiento, Craig Sarazin, Jonathan Sievers, Yuanyuan Su

“…These surface brightness fluctuations can be deprojected to infer pressure and density fluctuations from the SZ and X-ray data, respectively. …”
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Investigating the relationship between the Khami reservoir horizon in the Chilingar and Garangan oilfields in the Southern Dezful Embayment using surface geochemistry by Bahram Alizadeh, Arman Salehipour Bavarsad

“…A total of 154 surface soil samples were collected from the field closures and the inter-field area. …”
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IMITATION MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF SUSPENDED PARTICLES EXPANSION TO DETERMINE THE AREAS OF INCREASED TURBIDITY IN THE ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGE TO WATER BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES OF THE CHER... by O. P. Grigoryan, M. R. Magomedova

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Measurement report: Surface exchange fluxes of HONO during the growth process of paddy fields in the Huaihe River Basin, China by F. Meng, F. Meng, B. Han, B. Han, M. Qin, W. Fang, W. Fang, K. Tang, D. Shao, D. Shao, Z. Liao, Z. Liao, J. Duan, Y. Feng, Y. Feng, Y. Huang, Y. Huang, T. Ni, T. Ni, P. Xie, P. Xie, P. Xie, P. Xie

“…Our study emphasized the variability in HONO fluxes across various agricultural-management activities, as well as the importance of heterogeneous NO<span class="inline-formula">₂</span> conversion on ground surfaces and soil emissions in HONO production.</p>…”
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Insights into the relationship between particulate flow characteristics and local erosion behaviour under waterjet: The role of particle-fluid-surface interaction by Kai Wang, Chenpei Li, Zhenjiang Wang, Jinling Lu, Yanhui Li, Yueshe Wang

“…In this study, the erosion characteristics of eutectic high entropy alloy under the liquid–solid two-phase flow is investigated by a coupled numerical-experimental method, in order to reveal the intrinsic relationship between microscopic erosion mechanism (experimental test) and the related particle-fluid-surface interaction (CFD modelling). Furthermore, instead of the common relation between average erosion rate and mainstream flow velocity, the relationship between local erosion distribution and local particulate flow characteristics is clarified. …”
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Aerodynamic Losses in Turbines with and without Film Cooling, as Influenced by Mainstream Turbulence, Surface Roughness, Airfoil Shape, and Mach Number by Phil Ligrani

“…When no film cooling is employed on the symmetric airfoils and cambered vanes, experimentally measured and numerically predicted variations of freestream turbulence intensity, surface roughness, exit Mach number, and airfoil camber are considered as they influence local and integrated total pressure losses, deficits of local kinetic energy, Mach number deficits, area-averaged loss coefficients, mass-averaged total pressure loss coefficients, omega loss coefficients, second law loss parameters, and distributions of integrated aerodynamic loss. …”
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Changes of Surface Wind Speed over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau from 1961 to 2020 and Evaluation of the Dynamical Downscaling Simulations by Jia WU, Jie WU, Yuping YAN

“…In the context of global warming， the in-depth study of the change in surface wind speed over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau can provide support for development planning for the double-carbon policy.Based on the multi-source datasets， it is expected to obtain the qualitative conclusion.In addition， to comprehensive evaluate the performance of CN05.1 gridded dataset as well as the dynamical downscaling simulations can provide guidance for the application of these two datasets over this region.Firstly， the monthly， seasonal and annual averaged wind speed， inter-annual， intra-annual variability of surface wind speed， the trends of wind speed probability for different grades， as well as the spatial distribution over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau were analyzed， based on the five wind speed datasets from 1961 to 2020.Then， the performance in reproducing the monthly， seasonal， annual averaged and long-term variability of surface wind speed from 1986 to 2005 was evaluated， using the five dynamical downscaling simulations and their ensemble mean from regional climate model （RegCM4）.The result indicated that decreasing trends were generally found in the seasonal and annual averaged surface wind speed from 1961 to 2002， with different magnitude among different datasets， while for the period from 2002 to 2020， the significant increasing trend was observed both in CN05.1 and NCEP-1.In addition， the probability of calm wind （0.0~0.2 m·s-1） showed a slightly decrease both in 1961 -2002 and 2002 -2020.The light air （0.3~1.5 m·s-1） and light breeze （1.6~3.3 m·s-1） increased in 1961 -2002 and decreased in 2002 -2020， in the meantime， the gentle breeze （3.4~5.4 m·s-1） and moderate breeze （5.5~7.9 m·s-1） showed a similar change to the mean surface wind speed.Furthermore， the wind speed greater than or equal to 8 m·s-1 mainly decreased in 1961 -2002 and 2002 -2020.Overall， the change in CN05.1 was more closed to station dataset and showed consistent characteristics with JRA-55， which behaved better among reanalysis datasets， indicating the high applicability of CN05.1 over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Although all downscaling simulations could reasonably capture the spatial distribution of surface wind speed in different seasons and also well reproduced the wind speed pattern among different topography， the underestimation existed in the northwestern part of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau while the overestimation was prevailing in the other region.Furthermore， the significant deviation was found in the simulation of the intra-annual change， and the magnitude of trends was also underestimated.In terms of different simulations， the result driven by HadGEM2-ES showed a better performance in reproducing the spatial distribution of seasonal and annual mean surface wind speed， while the result driven by MPI-ESM-MR showed smaller root mean square error and better trends.Overall， the smallest relative root mean square error was observed in ensemble mean， implying more stable ability than the individual simulation.…”
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2D and 3D Computational Modeling of Surface Flooding in Urbanized Floodplains: Modeling Performance for Various Building Layouts by Xuefang Li, Guilhem Dellinger, Sébastien Erpicum, Lihua Chen, Shuyue Yu, Léo Guiot, Pierre Archambeau, Michel Pirotton, Benjamin Dewals

“…The velocity fields computed in 3D generally match the measured surface velocity fields. In urban layouts involving mostly a network of streets, the depth‐averaged velocity fields computed by the 2D model agree remarkably well with those of the 3D model, with differences not exceeding 10%, despite the presence of helicoidal flow (revealed by the 3D computations). …”
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Remote sea-surface temperature variations (2001–2019) in Kuwait Bay: Time series analysis in frequency and time domains by Ali K. Saleh, Bader S. Al-Anzi

“… There is a recognized need for analyzing the temporal changes of sea surface temperature in various water bodies, and especially the semi-enclosed ones, because of the direct link between sea temperature and aquatic biodiversity. …”
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High-resolution land surface modelling over Africa: the role of uncertain soil properties in combination with forcing temporal resolution by B. Oloruntoba, B. Oloruntoba, S. Kollet, S. Kollet, C. Montzka, H. Vereecken, H. Vereecken, H.-J. Hendricks Franssen, H.-J. Hendricks Franssen

“…The upscaling methodology of fine-scale soil texture information influences land surface model simulation results but only when clearly in combination with high-temporal-resolution atmospheric forcings.…”
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Direct measurements of firn-density evolution from 2016 to 2022 at Wolverine Glacier, Alaska by C. Max Stevens, Louis Sass, Caitlyn Florentine, Christopher McNeil, Emily Baker, Katherine Bollen

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Automated denoising techniques for sea surface temperature and salinity data from opportunity vessels: application to the Ocean Globe Race 2023-2024 by Nicolas Werner-Pelletier, Oriol Carrasco-Serra, Oriol Carrasco-Serra, Marta Umbert, Nina Hoareau, Jordi Salat, Thierry Reynaud

“…Ever more often, opportunity vessels are used to provide in-situ sea surface temperature and salinity data. In particular, sailing vessels participating in oceanic races are often utilized, as they usually cover remote areas not reached by commercial vessels, such as the southern oceans. …”
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