How many trees to see the forest? Assessing the effects of morphospace coverage and sample size in performance surface analysis by Stephanie M. Smith, C. Tristan Stayton, Kenneth D. Angielczyk

“…We also discovered that only sampling points on the surface corresponding to naturally occurring morphologies produced an accurate surface, but results were better when individual specimens, rather than species averages, were used. …”
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Multi-Index Assessment of Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) Dynamics in Samsun Using Google Earth Engine by Yiğitalp Kara, Veli Yavuz, Anthony R. Lupo

“…The analysis also revealed that LST varies with the size and type of vegetation, with a mean LST differential between all green spaces and urban areas averaging 7–8 °C, and differences reaching 12 °C in industrial zones.…”
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Near-Surface Stratigraphic Structure of the Regolith Revealed Using Chang'e-2 Microwave Brightness Temperature Data by Chen Zou, Guoping Hu, Wei Yang, Wuming Zhang

“…In this work, we proposed a method to stratify the shallow lunar regolith (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>5 m) using the microwave radiometer (MRM) onboard China's Chang'e-2 (CE-2). The averaged subsurface rock abundance (RA) at depths (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>0.5&#x2013;5 m) was extracted from CE-2 microwave brightness temperature at four channels: 3.0, 7.8, 19.35, and 37 GHz. …”
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Evaluation of snow storage in Western Siberia based on the land-surface model SPONSOR simulation using reanalysis data by D. V. Turkov, V. S. Sokratov, T. B. Titkova

“…In this article, the simulations of SWE and the snow depth using Land-Surface Model (LSM) SPONSOR with input meteorological data taken from the ECMWF ERAInterim reanalysis was performed for Western Siberia for the period from 1979 to 2013. …”
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NUMERICAL SIMULATION STUDYONDRAGREDUCTIONTECHNOLOGYOF NON-SMOOTHSURFACEOF PIT by KUAI ChuTing, WANG WeiQiang, WU YuLiang, WANG Bo, Du ShengNan, WANG GuoFu

“…Through calculation and analysis,we can conclude that under different working conditions,the surface of the pit with h = 0. 05 mm is better in drag reduction; analyzing the pit surface under 12 m·s^-1 conditions,the average shear force is smaller than the smooth surface. …”
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A Comparison of Muscle Activation between Select Standing and Seated-Equivalent Yoga Poses among Healthy Adults by Diana Veneri, Raquel DiVincenzo, Madeline Lynch, Christina Sanciangco, Valerie Stein, Keira Tobia

“…Twenty-six healthy adults, 7 males and 19 females, with an average age of 23.73 ± 1.64 years participated. Surface electromyographic was collected using the Noraxon TeleMyo 2400GT. …”
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Growth Characteristics of Rhopilema esculenta and its Relationship with Surface Water Temperature During Rapid Growth Period in Hangzhou Bay by XU Guoqiang, ZHOU Yongdong, XU Kaida, LI Pengfei, WANG Haoxue

“…The results showed that: (1) The umbrella diameter of Rhopilema esculenta ranged from 45 to 650 mm, the average umbrella diameter was 327.55 mm; the body mass of Rhopilema esculenta ranged from 9 to 18 260 g, the average body mass was 2 748.21 g. (2) The relationship between umbrella diameter and body mass was given by W=1.578 5×10-5 UB3.120 8 (R2=0.975 4，n=1 601).(3) With the increase of date, the average umbrella diameter of Rhopilema esculenta increased from 104.33 mm to 361.20 mm and the average surface water temperature increased significantly from 21.69 ℃ to 27.94 ℃. (4) The average umbrella diameter and average surface temperature during the investigation period were fitted, and the relationship between them was as follows UB=6.07ST2-259.62ST+2 880.32 (R2=0.998 5). (5) After the opening of the fishery, the umbrella diameter of Rhopilema esculenta ranged from 115 to 650 mm with an average umbrella diameter of 391.96 mm; the body mass ranged from 40 to 18 260 g with an average body mass of 3857.60 g. …”
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Effects of sand-dust weather on wind speed fluctuation over near-surface of cotton fields in desert oasis area by Li Gao, Jianjun Cheng, Xiao Wu, Zhouyang Pan

“…The wind speed fluctuation intensity is positively correlated with both height and average wind speed, the average values of fluctuation intensity in blowing dust and sandstorm are 1.375 and 2.33 times higher than those in the clear-sky days, respectively. …”
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The Impact of High Canopy Vegetation-Atmosphere Storage on Surface Energy Closure over the Eastern Slope of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau by Yuchen LIU, Maoshan LI, Na CHANG, Yonghao JIANG, Ting WANG, Pei XU

“…The phenomenon of near-surface energy budget imbalance is widespread， especially in the complex underlying surface such as mountain lakes.Due to the heterogeneity of the surface， the energy closure is poor， and the influence of the energy storage term between the atmosphere of the high canopy vegetation in the mountain on the energy closure is often ignored.This paper is based on the gradient tower meteorological data， radiation observation data and turbulence observation data of the eddy covariance system of Mount Emei Atmosphere and Environment Comprehensive Observation Experimental Station of Chengdu University of Information Technology （hereinafter referred to as "Mount Emei Station"） from June 2022 to October 2022.The Ogive function was used to analyze the average time suitable for the turbulent flux calculation at the forest station， and the soil heat flux and energy storage between vegetation and atmosphere were calculated， and the changes of near-surface energy balance after considering the storage terms between vegetation and atmosphere were analyzed.The results show that extending the average time to calculate turbulent flux to 60 minutes can capture larger turbulent vortices at some moments to a certain extent， but the energy balance ratio is lower than the average time of 30 minutes， so it is considered that the average time of 30 minutes is still suitable for the calculation of turbulent flux at Emei Mountain Station.The energy storage item of vegetation atmosphere improves the energy balance ratio by about 3.65%.Considering that this item has the effect of improving energy closure in most of the time， the energy storage item of photosynthesis contributes the most to improving energy closure， followed by the heat storage item of vegetation canopy， followed by the sensible heat storage item， and the latent heat storage item contributes the least.All the energy storage items in the atmosphere of high canopy vegetation have obvious single-peak diurnal variation characteristics.The peak value of heat storage items in vegetation canopy can reach up to 26 W·m-2， and the energy balance ratio can be increased by 1.57% when the heat storage items in vegetation canopy are considered.The peak value of the photosynthetic storage term can reach about 8 W·m-2， and the average daily storage capacity is about 141.6 W·m-2， which is the main energy storage term.Considering the photosynthetic storage term， the energy balance ratio can be improved by 1.65%， accounting for 45% of the overall effect.The peak value of sensible heat storage term is about 5 W·m-2， the magnitude of latent heat storage term is very small， and the effect on energy closure is also small.Vegetation-atmosphere storage terms cannot be ignored except latent heat storage terms which are very small.When considering the energy storage between vegetation and atmosphere， the energy closure problem still exists.Therefore， in addition to the energy storage term， the influence of large-scale vortices induced by the underlying mountain surface on the near-surface energy budget also needs to be further studied.…”
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Variability of the Pechora Sea Ice Area and Its Correlation With the Barents Sea Surface Temperature According to Satellite Observations and Reanalysis by E. V. Lvova, E. V. Zabolotskikh

“…To analyze the variability of sea surface temperature, we used the average daily data of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ERA5 reanalysis obtained by averaging hourly data. …”
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On the Feasibility of Adapting the LiVec Tactile Sensing Principle to Non-Planar Surfaces: A Thin, Flexible Tactile Sensor by Olivia Leslie, David Córdova Bulens, Stephen J. Redmond

“…Given the complex geometries and articulation of state-of-the-art robotic grippers and hands, they would benefit greatly from their surface being instrumented with a thin, curved, and/or flexible tactile sensor technology. …”
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Impact of Optical Imagery and Topography Data Resolution on the Measurement of Surface Fault Displacement Using Sub‐Pixel Image Correlation by Solène L. Antoine, Zhen Liu

“…Results show that the average noise in the output displacement maps linearly increases with decreasing image resolution, resulting in greater uncertainties in mapping surface fault geometry and associated displacement. …”
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SynHAR: Augmenting Human Activity Recognition With Synthetic Inertial Sensor Data Generated From Human Surface Models by Lena Uhlenberg, Lars Ole Haeusler, Oliver Amft

“…We investigate combined, personalised biomechanical dynamics models and human surface models to synthesise IMU sensor time series data and to improve Human Activity Recognition (HAR) model performance for activities of daily living (ADLs). …”
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Retinotopic maps, spatial tuning, and locations of human visual areas in surface coordinates characterized with multifocal and blocked FMRI designs. by Linda Henriksson, Juha Karvonen, Niina Salminen-Vaparanta, Henry Railo, Simo Vanni

“…The gradual widening of spatial tuning and an increase in the responses to stimuli in the ipsilateral visual field along the hierarchy of visual areas likely reflected the increase in the average receptive field size. Finally, after registration to Freesurfer's surface-based atlas of the human cerebral cortex, we calculated the mean and variability of the visual area positions in the spherical surface-based coordinate system and generated probability maps of the visual areas on the average cortical surface. …”
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Using an Ultraviolet-Enabled Boat to Reduce Microcystin and Suppress Cyanobacterial Growth in Harmful Algal Bloom-Impacted Surface Waters by Taylor Rycroft, Brianna Fernando, Michael L. Mayo

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Surface runoff estimation in an upper watershed using geo-spatial based soil conservation service-curve number method by C.A. Odiji, O.M. Aderoju, M.C. Ekwe, D.T. Oje, J.O. Imhanfidon

“…The average runoff volume for 27 years was estimated to be 69,887.43mm3. …”
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Spatio-Temporal Prediction of Surface Remote Sensing Data in Equatorial Pacific Ocean Based on Multi-Element Fusion Network by Tianliang Xu, Zhiquan Zhou, Chenxu Wang, Yingchun Li, Tian Rong

“…A basic feature of El Niño is an abnormal increase in the surface temperature of the equatorial Pacific Ocean, which can throw ocean–atmosphere interactions out of balance, resulting in heavy rainfall and severe storms. …”
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Influence des surfaces enneigées sur les débits de cours d’eau du piémont andin argentin by Nicolas Delbart, Émilie Lavie, Régis Goma

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Surface bound microgels on the basis of carboxymethylcellulose: preparation via the Ugi reaction and structural investigation using fluorescent and spin labels by Rita S. Alqubelat, Denis O. Antonov, Maxim A. Mironov

“…A microgel with an average diameter of 368±4 nm was obtained by adding a small amount of polyvinylamine (PVAm) to a 0.3% aqueous solution of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). …”
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Identification of an optimal ground-based validation site for FLEX and quantification of uncertainties using airborne HyPlant data - A case study in Italy by Lena Katharina Jänicke, Rene Preusker, Jürgen Fischer

“…For an all-embracing validation of the surface reflectance of vegetated areas, the chosen site is not appropriate.…”
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