A Physically Constrained Downscaling Framework for Hourly, All-Sky Land Surface Temperature in Mountainous Regions by Yongkang Li, Qing He, Yongqiang Liu, Yang Yan, Hailiang Zhang, Jiao Tan

“…High-resolution, all-weather land surface temperature (LST) data on a global scale are pivotal for accurately reflecting the thermal feedback from the underlying surface. …”
Get full text

Optimizing injection accuracy for Baxter’s nerve entrapment: an ultrasonography-guided approach based on anatomical surface landmarks by Jung-woo Choi, Hyung-Jin Lee, Yong-Seok Nam, Mi Young Shin, Sang-Hyun Kim, Jun-Ho Kim, In-Beom Kim

“…Introduction The clinical feasibility and applicability of surface landmarks for Baxter nerve entrapment to proximal and distal sites is unclear. …”
Get full text

Particle flux–gradient relationships in the high Arctic: emission and deposition patterns across three surface types by T. Mathes, H. Guy, H. Guy, J. Prytherch, J. Kojoj, I. Brooks, S. Murto, P. Zieger, B. Wehner, M. Tjernström, A. Held

“…<p>The Arctic is experiencing a warming much faster than the global average and aerosol–cloud–sea–ice interactions are considered to be one of the key features of the Arctic climate system. …”
Get full text

A New Transformer Network for Short-Term Global Sea Surface Temperature Forecasting: Importance of Eddies by Tao Zhang, Pengfei Lin, Hailong Liu, Pengfei Wang, Ya Wang, Weipeng Zheng, Zipeng Yu, Jinrong Jiang, Yiwen Li, Hailun He

“…Short-term sea surface temperature (SST) forecasts are crucial for operational oceanology. …”
Get full text

Comparing skin surface temperature to clinical documentation of skin warmth in emergency department patients diagnosed with cellulitis by Edward Harwick, Rebecca J. Schwei, Robert Glinert, Ambar Haleem, Jamie Hess, Thomas Keenan, Joseph A. McBride, Robert Redwood, Michael S. Pulia

“…Abstract Objective To compare clinical documentation of skin warmth to patient report and quantitative skin surface temperatures of patients diagnosed with cellulitis in the emergency department (ED). …”
Get full text

Applicability Analysis of Sea Surface Wind Field Data for Yangjiang Offshore Wind Farm in Guangdong Province by Sui HUANG, Yanfeng CAI, Jun WANG, Chuan ZHOU

“…[Conclusion] Overall, the 10 m sea surface wind field data set of ERA5 performs better in the study area, and the deficiency of its systematic low mean wind speed can be corrected by DASCAT.…”
Get full text

Surface oxygen concentration differs between dry and ice-snow melting bare lands on the Tibetan Plateau by Wei Jia, Yujun Ma, Peijun Shi, Jing’ai Wang, Dong Liu, Haoze Yang, Sifa Shu, Songcairen Ga, Jiani Wu

“…The results showed the following: (1) In dry bare land, the annual average oxygen concentration ranged from 19.93 to 20.24%, with values of 19.84–20.10% in January and 20.03–20.40% in July. …”
Get full text

Mapping the primary factors driving spatiotemporal variations of surface soil moisture in the Yellow River Basin of China by Linghua Hu, Yiming Xie, Yinzhe Liu, Siyuan Chen, Haifang Yu, Qianlong Bie, Fang Zhao, Yilin Zhao

“…Temporally, surface soil moisture in the Yellow River Basin showed a noteworthy upward trend from 2003 to 2018, with an average change rate of 0.00066 m3/m3 year−1 over the past 16 years. …”
Get full text

Preliminary study on the participation of TLR9 on erythrocyte surface combined with mtDNA in the monitoring of infectious diseases by Ling Xiao, Haixia Xu, Haixia Xu, Siwei Liu, Siwei Liu, Zhanrui Cheng, Zhanrui Cheng, Yujie Kong, Yujie Kong, Li Tian, Li Tian

“…However, the average expression of TLR9 on red blood cell surfaces in patients with bacterial infection was 5.45%, which was lower than that in healthy people (p &lt; 0.001). …”
Get full text

Fracturing effects evaluation and gas water production characteristics analysis at different layers of surface horizontal wells by Mingqiang LI, Chunhui YE, Tengfei CAO, Ke YANG, Zhainan ZHANG, Wenjie LIU

“…To achieve a refined evaluation of the effect of hydraulic fracturing in surface horizontal wells, the characteristics of the drilling construction layers of the U1 and U2 horizontal sections in Zhujidong Coal Mine were analyzed. …”
Get full text

Real-time Detection Algorithm of Expanded Feed Image on the Water Surface Based on Improved YOLOv11 by ZHOU Xiushan, WEN Luting, JIE Baifei, ZHENG Haifeng, WU Qiqi, LI Kene, LIANG Junneng, LI Yijian, WEN Jiayan, JIANG Linyuan

“…[Objective]During the feeding process of fish populations in aquaculture, the video image characteristics of floating extruded feed on the water surface undergo continuous variations due to a myriad of environmental factors and fish behaviors. …”
Get full text

Enhancing Photovoltaic System Performance Prediction: A Synergistic Approach with Fuzzy Logic and Response Surface Methodology by Muataz Al Hazza, Hussain Attia, Khaled Hossin

“…The validation showed variations averaging 7.50% and 5.53%.…”
Get full text

Relationship between resistance and air cavity on the bottom surface of V- and W-shaped stepped planing hulls by Andi Dian Eka Anggriani, Hidemi Mutsuda, Takuji Nakashima, Suandar Baso, Andi Ardianti

“…The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, coupled with the Volume of Fluid method, are employed to capture the air-water interaction in free-surface flow around these hull geometries. …”
Get full text

Enhancing Direction-of-Arrival Estimation for Single-Channel Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface via Phase Coding Design by Changcheng Hu, Ruoyu Zhang, Jingqi Wang, Boyu Sima, Yue Ma, Chen Miao, Wei Kang

“…First, we establish a system model where averaged received signals construct a power-based formulation. …”
Get full text

Enhanced resolution capability of SWOT sea surface height measurements and their application in monitoring ocean dynamics variability by Y. Wang, S. Zhang, Y. Jia

“…In this paper, wavenumber spectra were calculated and compared for HY-2B, SARAL/AltiKa, Sentinel-3A, and SWOT (Surface Water and Ocean Topography). The wavenumber power spectral density (PSD) of sea surface height (SSH) was averaged using weighted methods across multiple along-track profiles within defined boxes. …”
Get full text

Structural and Tribological Analysis of Multilayer Carbon-Based Nanostructures Deposited via Modified Electron Cyclotron Resonance–Chemical Vapor Deposition by Mehmet Esen, Ali Can Yilmaz, Hamide Kavak

“…The results demonstrated that carbon coating in the presence of N₂ gas led to a maximum reduction of 66% in the average wear rate, 14% improvement in the average surface hardness, 40% enhancement in the average coefficient of friction, and 48% enhancement in the average surface roughness. …”
Get full text

Control of Internal Moisture Transfer Direction and Lateral Moisturization to Mitigate Drying Defects in Large-Cross Section Timber by Bat-Uchral Batjargal, Taekyeong Lee, Chang-Jin Lee, Jung-Kwon Oh, Hwanmyeong Yeo

“…The total drying duration was 835.4 h (approximately 35 d), confirming that surface moisturization is critical in minimizing defects during drying.…”
Get full text

Atomic Force Microscopic Evaluation of Surface Topographies of Various Rotary Files in Root Canal Preparation in Molar Teeth by B Swathika, Bharath Nagareddy, V Vijith, Nuha Alghamdi, Angel Samson

“…After preparation, the rotary files were analyzed using AFM to measure surface roughness parameters including average roughness (Ra), root mean square roughness (Rq), and maximum peak height (Rp). …”
Get full text

Surface energy balance closure over melting snow and ice from in situ measurements on the Greenland ice sheet by Maurice van Tiggelen, Paul C. J. P. Smeets, Carleen H. Reijmer, Dirk van As, Jason E. Box, Robert S. Fausto, Shfaqat Abbas Khan, Eric Rignot, Michiel R. van den Broeke

“…When the surface is not melting, the daily SEB is on average closed within 5 W m−2. …”
Get full text

THE EVOLUTION OF AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS AND ELIGIBLE AGRICULTURAL SURFACES FOR GRANT AWARD, AT OLT COUNTY-LEVEL FOR THE PERIOD 2007-2014 by Aurelian BULIGA-ȘTEFĂNESCU, Ștefan STĂNESCU, Raluca NECULA

“…The process of consolidation of Romanian agricultural holdings is barely at beginning. The average size of a farm in Romania is 3.6 ha, four times lower than the EU average, which lies at 14.2 hectares. …”
Get full text