Total Water Consumption of Alfalfa as a Function of Active Soil Surface and Bioclimatic Coefficients by T. A. Pankova, A. V. Kravchuk, S. S. Orlova, O. V. Mikheeva, E. N. Mirkina

“…(Results and discussion) The empirical coefficients representing the active surface state of alfalfa crops were determined based on the sum of average daily temperatures, calculated using Budyko-Zubenko method for estimating evaporation from the water surface. …”
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Numerical investigation on heat transfer enhancement of falling film evaporation by surface structure optimization by Wei Zhang, Ben Niu, Zhen Liu, Zhaoliang Wang

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Diminishing cooling effects of China’s largest freshwater lake due to shrinking water surfaces by Zhuoyu Li, Xiaosong Zhao, Xingwang Fan, Yanyu Lu, Lejun Zhao, Aoqi Wu

“…We assessed the cooling effects of China’s largest freshwater lake from 1980 to 2023. On average, the lake can cool the basin land within 60 km, reducing the respective annual mean air temperature (Ta) and apparent temperature (AT) by 0.37 °C and 0.86 °C. …”
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Effect of Tilted Nanostructures on Anisotropic Wetting Behavior on PET Surfaces by Oxygen Plasma Modification by WANG Yitian, LI Yupeng, HUO Lei, LEI Mingkai

“…In order to improve the wettability of polymer surfaces， oxygen plasma modification technology was used to treat the surface of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) under the condition of 200 W for 90 min using sample holders with inclination angles of 30°， 45° and 60°.The nanostructures with tilt angles and lengths of 32.5° and 2.36 μm，45.2° and 2.15 μm，59.5° and 2.00 μm were prepared， respectively.Anisotropic wetting of liquid droplets and directional flow behavior of liquid were studied on the PET surfaces after modified by plasma.Additionally，the direction opposite to the tilted nanostructure was referred to as the Y＋direction， the direction along the tilted nanostructure was referred to as the Y－ direction， and the direction perpendicular to Y± was referred to as the X± direction.Results showed that the contact angle of the droplet on the PET surfaces modified by plasma decreased， and the wetting length increased with the increase of inclination angle of the sample holders.Meanwhile， the static contact angle of the droplet in the X± direction was greater than that in the Y± direction，and the wetting length in the X± direction was smaller than that in the Y± direction.Continuous water injection was carried out on the PET surfaces modified by plasma.The droplets were pinned in the Y－ direction and flowed in the Y＋direction.Furthermore， the average flow velocities of droplets on the plasmamodified surface at 30°，45° and 60° inclination angles were 0.017 0，0.021 0 and 0.022 7 mm/s，respectively.Among them，the droplets on the PET surfaces after modified by plasma at 60° inclination angle had a flow velocity of 2.39 times that of the original surfaces in the Y＋direction.…”
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Enhancing laser surface texturing with driving training-based optimization: A metaheuristic approach by Ishwer Shivakoti, Sunny Diyaley, Partha Protim Das, Abhijit Bhowmik, A. Johnson Santhosh

“…This paper investigates the capability of Laser Surface Textruing (LST) to induce texture on Ti-6Al-4V, aiming on optimizing process parameters viz. average power, pulse frequency, scanning speed, and gas pressure using the Driving Training-based Optimization (DTBO) algorithm. …”
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Land Surface Phenology Response to Climate in Semi-Arid Desertified Areas of Northern China by Xiang Song, Jie Liao, Shengyin Zhang, Heqiang Du

“…This study aimed to extract the spatial-temporal evolution of land surface phenology metrics from 2001 to 2020 using MODIS NDVI products (NASA, Greenbelt, MD, USA) and explore the potential impacts of climate change on land surface phenology through partial least squares regression analysis. …”
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Decadal Variation Characteristics of Surface Wind Speed in Northwest China during 1979 -2020 by Yong WANG, Zihan ZHOU, Chenghai WANG, Dong XIAO, Haojun QIN, Wubin HUANG

“…Using the observation data of 10 m surface wind speed at 173 meteorological stations in Northwest China from 1979 to 2020 and the ERA-5 reanalysis data， this study investigated the interdecadal variation characteristics of annual and seasonal surface wind speed in Northwest China and displayed the background circulation changes of interdecadal variation in 2003/2004.There are significant regional differences in the trend distribution of surface wind speed during 1979 -2020.The stations of the wind speed with increasing trend were mainly located in central and eastern Gansu， Shaanxi， southwest and northeastern parts of Xinjiang.The others stations generally showed the negative trends of wind speed.The number of the stations with decreasing trends of surface wind speed were obvious larger than that with decreasing trends.The average surface wind speed in the stations with decreasing （increasing） trends were larger （smaller） than that in whole northwest China.The distribution of the annual and four-season leading mode of surface wind speed were generally opposite to the trend distribution from 1979 to 2020.All the PC1s experienced the decadal shift around 2000.The second mode showed positive anomalies over the Ningxia Province and southern Shaanxi Province and negative over others regions.The PC2s both witnessed the decadal shifts in 1987/1988 and 2003/2004.Numerical studies investigated the decadal shift of surface wind speed northwest China in 1987/1988.Therefore， this study focuses on analyzing the possible circulation background of the decadal shift of northwest wind speed in 2003/2004.The composite difference of 500 hPa and 200 hPa geopotential heights between 2004 -2020 and 1988 -2003 presents the meridional dipole mode of Central Asia-Northern Europe in spring， the "Silk Road Pattern" in summer and autumn， the "Scandinavian" mode in winter， and the negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation in annual field.The circulation changes in four seasons and annual averages have their own characteristics.It needs further studies of the physical process of the influences of these circulation factors on the decadal shift of the surface wind speed in northwest China in 2003/2004.…”
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Hydrological and hydrodynamic coupling simulation under composite underlying surfaces in urban polder areas by Cheng Chen, Binquan Li, Yang Xiao, Huihui Li, Taotao Zhang, Dong Xu, Huanghao Yu

“…This study proposed a runoff and confluence model incorporating various land surfaces, including paddy fields, drylands, forests, urban areas, and water surfaces. …”
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Modelling car motion and the calculation of the wear of wheels with the VNITsTT rolling surface profile by A. M. Orlova, Yu. V. Savushkina, V. I. Fedorova

“…As part of the study, calculations were carried out using the method of mathematical modeling of a freight car motion in the MEDYNA software package and performance indicators were evaluated on the VNITsTT rolling surface profile in comparison with the profile made according to GOST 10791 – 2011, and the wheel wear rate produced on the section of the track close to the average network operating conditions. …”
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Satellite observations of surface water dynamics and channel migration in the Yellow River since the 1980s by Panpan Chen, Zhigang Cao, Chen Yang, Zhiqiang Qiu, Xingjian Guo, Hongtao Duan

“…New hydrological insights for the region: We find that the average surface water area of YR over the past four decades is 4013 km2, with 73.5 % of permanent surface water. …”
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Application of D-InSAR in monitoring the impacts of shaft grouting on surface and building deformations by Hui LIU, Rumeng LU, Lijuan SU, Shiguang CHENG, Pengfei ZHANG, Hua CHENG

“…Accordingly, this study analyzed the impacts of grouting on the surface and buildings. [Results and Conclusions] The results indicate that compared to leveling measurements, the D-InSAR-based land subsidence monitoring yielded an average error of 1.70 mm and a maximum error of 2.70 mm. …”
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Surface Defect Detection for Small Samples of Particleboard Based on Improved Proximal Policy Optimization by Haifei Xia, Haiyan Zhou, Mingao Zhang, Qingyi Zhang, Chenlong Fan, Yutu Yang, Shuang Xi, Ying Liu

“…However, with the advancement of industrial technology, the prevalence of surface defects in particleboard is decreasing, making the acquisition of sample data difficult and significantly limiting the effectiveness of model training. …”
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Comparative analysis of accuracy and time of calculation of wound surface area using mobile applications by Nikolai O. Mikhailov, Aleksandr A. Glukhov, Aleksandr A. Andreev, Anastasiya Yu. Laptieva, Oleg V. Sudakov, Vladimir Yu. Ivashkov, Aleksandr S. Denisenko

“…Aim – to carry out a comparative assessment of the accuracy and time of calculating the area of the wound surface using mobile applications. Material and methods. …”
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Investigating the effect of land use type on surface water quality in the Talar watershed in Mazandaran by Fatemeh Shokrian, Karim solaimani, Aref Saberi

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Integrating infiltration processes in hybrid downscaling methods to estimate sub-surface soil moisture by Mo Zhang, Yong Ge, Jianghao Wang

“…Soil moisture is a key variable in the water, energy, and carbon cycles. Mapping sub-surface soil moisture with fine spatial resolution requires integrating downscaling approaches and process-based models. …”
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Systematic protection and restoration of water bodies in collapse areas based on surface runoff regulation by Shaogang LEI, Yufan XU, Mian ZHANG, Dongxing CHEN, Xia HUA, Dong GUO

“…It has important reference value for other types of areas to achieve regional systematic protection and restoration through surface runoff regulation.…”
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The measurement of microplastics in surface water and their impact on histopathological structures in wading birds of district Lahore by Shaza Mehboob, Khalid Mahmood Anjum, Hamda Azmat, Muhammad Imran

“…The highest MPs concentration was recorded in the main stream of the Ravi River, with an average concentration of 5,150 ± 7.5 particles/m3. …”
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Analysis of Land Surface Performance Differences and Uncertainty in Multiple Versions of MODIS LST Products by Ruoyi Zhao, Wenping Yu, Xiangyi Deng, Yajun Huang, Wen Yang, Wei Zhou

“…Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Surface Temperature (LST) products are essential data sources for global and regional climate change research. …”
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Thermal Recovery Dynamics of the Ocean’s Cool-Skin Layer After Complete Mixing by Leonie Jaeger, Lisa Gassen, Samuel Mintah Ayim, Riaz Bibi, Oliver Wurl

“…The vehicle drifted within artificially disturbed water masses, enabling observation and analysis of thermal recovery. The average temperature difference between skin and near-surface layer was –0.240 ± 0.037°C. …”
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A Mixture Model With Slip Velocity for Saturated Granular‐Liquid Free‐Surface Flows by Jinbo Tang, Pengzhi Lin, Peng Cui

“…Abstract In this paper, a model is presented for modeling saturated granular‐liquid free‐surface flows, in which the volume‐averaged mixture bulk velocity is employed to derive the balance equations for the mass and momentum of mixture flow. …”
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