Effect of Cooling Rate on Microstructure and Properties of Powder-Embedded Boronizing by HU Jian-jun, PEI Yao-xin, GUO Ning, ZENG Jing

“…To get the effect of cooling modes on microstructure and properties after powder-embedded boronizing process, a B-layer was prepared on the surface of 40Cr steel by using pack cementation.The effect of furnace cooling, air cooling, liquid nitrogen cooling, and water cooling on the phase, interface structure and properties of the B-layer was studied by X-ray diffractometer, field emission scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, micro-hardness tester, friction and wear tester.Results showed that the cooling rate had litter effect on the morphology of the B-layer, and all B-layers were composed of columnar Fe2B grains.However, as the cooling rate increased, micro-cracks gradually formed in the B-layer.There was a critical cooling rate(100 ℃/s <vc<1 000 ℃/s), which could change the preferential orientation growth of columnar Fe2B grains.The B-layer prepared under the furnace cooling condition had the highest average hardness, density and best wear resistance.…”
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Study on Heat and Mass Transfer of Vacuum Freeze-drying Process for Blood Vessels by Gui Chao, Tao Leren, Zhang Yaqi

“…The study showed that the average moisture content of the sample was 74.24%, and the free water content was 71.96%. …”
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Morphology-Dependent Antioxidant Activity of Gold Nanoparticles Prepared Using Different Electrolyte Concentrations by Azri Farhanah Abd Aziz, Babay Asih Suliasih

“…Scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed that the synthesized AuNPs exhibited a round to slightly irregular morphology, with an average particle size ranging from 48 to 65 nm. X-ray diffractometer characterization revealed that the nanoparticles possessed a face-centered cubic crystal structure, confirming their high purity. …”
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Assessment of network traffic congestion through Traffic Congestability Value (TCV): a new index by Patel Nilanchal, Mukherjee Alok Bhushan

“…The different traffic congestion parameters, i.e. travel time, average speed and the proportion of time stopped, were collected in real time. …”
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Application of a sEMG hand motion recognition method based on variational mode decomposition and ReliefF algorithm in rehabilitation medicine. by Yue Yuan

“…Hand motion intention recognition has been considered as one of the crucial research fields for prosthetic control and rehabilitation medicine. In recent years, surface electromyogram (sEMG) signals that directly reflect human motion information are ideal input sources for prosthetic control and rehabilitation. …”
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Analysis of the Main Controlling Factors for the Effectiveness of Corrosion Coupon Monitoring by WU Linshuang, YU Hao, HUANG Fufengyun, LIAO Kexi, HE Guoxi, TAN Min, WANG Min'an, YANG Na, WANG Qianyu, LI Wenjing

“…To analyze the main factors controlling the effectiveness of corrosion coupon monitoring，a three-factor，three-level orthogonal experiment covering field conditions was designed using a multiphase flow corrosion loop (MPFC).The orthogonal experiment was verified through Fluent finite element simulation analysis.The MPFC test results indicated that the average corrosion rate of the coupons was positively correlated with temperature，flow rate and installation depth，and it was observed that the corrosion rate of the coupons was higher than that of the pipe wall.In the Fluent finite element simulation，both the surface flow velocity on the coupon and the length of the recirculation zone were positively correlated with coupon depth.Turbulent kinetic energy along the flow direction (x-axis) showed a pattern of rapid increase followed by gradual decrease.Additionally， the shear force on the coupon and the corrosion monitoring error were positively correlated with temperature， flow rate and installation depth.Based on the results of the orthogonal experiment analysis， the controlling factors for the effectiveness of corrosion coupon monitoring were ranked as installation depth＞flow rate＞temperature.…”
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Optimization of Allocation and Launch Conditions of Multiple Missiles for Three-Dimensional Collaborative Interception of Ballistic Targets by Burak Yuksek, N. Kemal Ure

“…We consider the integrated problem of allocation and control of surface-to-air-missiles for interception of ballistic targets. …”
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Inkjet Printing as High-Throughput Technique for the Fabrication of NiCo2O4 Films by Reyna Dianela Bacelis-Martínez, Gerko Oskam, Geonel Rodriguez Gattorno, Miguel Angel Ruiz-Gómez

“…The pure crystalline bimetallic nickel cobaltite oxide is obtained at 500°C with a homogeneous compositional distribution along the film. The average thickness observed by scanning electron microscopy is around 490 nm, whereas X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that the film surface presents mixed oxidation states for both metals: Co2+, Co3+, Ni2+, and Ni3+. …”
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Along‐Slope Variability of Cross‐Slope Eddy Transport in East Antarctica by Annie Foppert, Stephen R. Rintoul, Matthew H. England

“…Significantly stronger CDW transport in regions of elevated spice variability produces subsurface temperature anomalies of 0.2–0.25 °C relative to the East Antarctic average. Estimating eddy diffusivity from the hydrography yields about 0.8 m2/s of warm CDW transport to the shelf break in high‐variability regions. …”
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Estimation of Spatial Groundwater Recharge Using WetSpass Model For east Wasit province ,Iraq by Hassan Jameel AL-Badry, Mohammed S. Shamkhi

“…Where suffers from a surface water shortage due to the region's high elevation above Tigris River water elevation by about 60 m. …”
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New insight of Arctic cloud parameterization from regional climate model simulations, satellite‐based, and drifting station data by D. Klaus, K. Dethloff, W. Dorn, A. Rinke, D. L. Wu

“…The HIRHAM5 sensitivity study highlights the need for improving accuracy of low‐level (<700 m) cloud observations, as these clouds exert a strong impact on the near‐surface climate.…”
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Influence of Microfin Tube on Heat Transfer during Flow Boiling of R134a Refrigerant by Neeraj Kumar Vidhyarthi, Sandipan Deb, Sameer Sheshrao Gajghate, Elaine Maria Cardoso, Mantu Das, Sagnik Pal, Ajoy Kumar Das

“…The features of microfin tube have distinct configuration with a 46° apex angle and a 22° helix angle, resulting in a surface area 1.62 times greater in comparison to smooth tube. …”
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Relationship between the Formation of PM2.5 and Meteorological Factors in Northern China: The Periodic Characteristics of Wavelet Analysis by Yuanyuan Meng, Wanlong Sun

“…When haze occurred, the near-surface wind speed was only 1 m/s, which was not conducive to the spread of pollutants. (4) The formation of haze was affected by the interaction of various factors; the photochemical reactions of NO2 and O3 also exacerbated the formation of pollutants. …”
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Metal adsorption behavior of 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine modified polyacrylonitrile nanofibers by S. Jitjaicham, P. Supaphol, P. Kampalanonwat

“…Electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofiber mats (es-PAN nanofiber mats) were surface modified by 2,4-dinitrophenyl-hydrazine (2,4-DNPH) to yield the metal ion adsorption material (es-PAN-DNPH nanofiber mats) and were investigated their adsorption behaviors. …”
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A Study on Prevention of Fire Proliferation in Building-Type Solar Modules by Yong Chan Jung, Min Ji Song, Hee Kyung Park, Min Chul Lee, Soo Yeol Lee

“…To prevent the vertical spread of fire from flammable components in Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) modules during building fires, we applied a fire-resistant (FR) coating technology to the surface of BIPV modules, which are commonly used in Zero Energy Buildings (ZEBs). …”
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Chemical Characteristics of Coil Heavy Metal Elements and Ecological Security Risks Caused by Fertilization by Yanfeng Ma, Qingsheng Hao, Ailin Zhong

“…The second category included Cd, Pb, and Zn, whose average content was higher than the background value. …”
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Behind the Manufacturing of Industrial Clay Bricks: Drying Stage Predictions Using CFD by R. S. Santos, J. M. P. Q. Delgado, F. A. N. Silva, A. C. Azevedo, S. R. Farias Neto, F. P. M. Farias, A. G. Barbosa de Lima, W. M. P. Barbosa de Lima, E. S. Lima

“…The results showed a good agreement between the experimental data, of the surface temperature and the average moisture content, and the numerical results. …”
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Design and Simulation of a Four-Legged Mobile Robot for Autonomous Navigation on a Spacecraft Hull by Motaz Hassan, Kayla Dremann, Ashton Orosa, Emily Metzger, Nathan Doty, Julia Patek, Siamak Farhad, Ajay Mahajan

“…Positional error was quantified per waypoint and summarized using average and standard deviation metrics, while total traversal distances ranged from 65.50 to 63.00 in., approaching the theoretical minimum of 62.70 in. …”
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Infrared Ship Detection in Complex Nearshore Scenes Based on Improved YOLOv5s by Xiuwen Liu, Mingchen Liu, Yong Yin

“…However, compared to open-sea surface, dense vessel distributions and complex backgrounds in nearshore areas substantially limit detection efficacy. …”
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Determination of diquat and paraquat by high performance liquid chromatography in areas of environmental monitoring by I.M. Fitsev, A.Yu. Likhacheva, A.M. Sayfutdinov, A.Z. Mukharlyamova, S.L. Mokhtarova, Z.R. Nasybullina

“…In the surface waters of the natural water bodies adjacent to the agricultural lands treated with diquat and paraquat, no QAC compounds were found.…”
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