A Plasmoid Model for Mass Loss from Stars on the Upper Red Giant Branch: The Mass-loss Rate is Controlled by the Number of Density Scale Heights in the Convection Zone by J. MacDonald, D. J. Mullan

“…For three distinct stellar samples, we find strong anticorrelations between the average postkink RGB mass-loss rate and the number of density scale heights in the convection zone. …”
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A study on flare minimisation in EUV lithography by post‐layout re‐allocation of wire segments by Sudipta Paul, Pritha Banerjee, Susmita Sur‐Kolay

“…Herein, a method to reduce the flare variation as well as the average flare distribution for a layout by perturbation of wire segments, without affecting performance at the post‐layout phase, is proposed. …”
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Design and Operation of a Novel Cross Fin in Hot-Water Production System for Buildings by Qiang Cui, Tao Ning, Chuanqing Huang, Chunyan Wu, Junwei Su

“…Notably, expanding the surface area of the cross fins results in a 7.37-fold increase in the average thermal storage rate and a 781.25% enhancement in the average temperature response compared to the original design. …”
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Dynamics of the ice regime of the Sea of Azov in the XX–XXI centuries by N. V. Yaitskaya, A. A. Magaeva

“…It has been found that for the period of 1950–2015 the average annual value of the Azov Sea ice cover area is 33%, while the average area of the fast ice is 6.3% of the total area of the sea. …”
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Study of air pollution of Isfahan based on NO2 measured data by OMI Satellite sensor by Atefeh Shahmohammadi, Ali Bayat, Saeed mashhadizadeh Maleki

“…The average amount of nitrogen dioxide in the measured range is .The highest amount of nitrogen dioxide ( ) was observed in December and the lowest ( ) was observed in July. …”
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Prediction of Drifter Trajectory Using Evolutionary Computation by Yong-Wook Nam, Yong-Hyuk Kim

“…We used evolutionary computation to predict the trajectory of surface drifters. The data used to create the predictive model comprise the hourly position of the drifters, the flow and wind velocity at the location, and the location predicted by the MOHID model. …”
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Falling Weight Deflectometer Test Oriented Overlay Thickness Design: Case Study by Atiye Farahani, Hosein Zanjirani Farahani

“…The results indicate that the average deflection for Direction: Qom-Kashan, is 6.7% less than Direction: Kashan-Qom. …”
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Phenological Shifts in Lake Ice Cover Across the Northern Hemisphere: A Glimpse Into the Past, Present, and the Future of Lake Ice Phenology by A. Basu, J. Culpepper, K. Blagrave, S. Sharma

“…This study uses lake ice phenological records across a gradient of lake sizes (0.1–31,967.8 km2 in lake surface area) obtained from community science networks. …”
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FE simulation of the indentation deformation of SiC modified vinylester composites in respect to their abrasive wear performance

“…It was observed that the wear resistance increases with increasing average filler grain size and with decreasing abrasiveness of the counter surface. …”
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THE ALLOCATION SYSTEM AND RATIONALITY MEASURES IN THE VALUATION OF MIXED-CROP AGRICULTURAL LAND by Francesca Salvo, Daniela Tavano, Giovanni Rubuano

“…This method, primarily used for appraising average values related to surface characteristics, is well suited for the evaluation of land with multiple types of crops. …”
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Specific Activity of Radionuclides in Cryoconite Sediments of Glaciers of the Central Caucasus (Tsey, Skazka, Bezengi), Russia by Rustam Tembotov, Albert Gangapshev, Ali Gezhaev, Evgeny Abakumov

“…Nowadays, much attention has been paid to the study of the specific activity of radionuclides on the surface of glaciers. This work is devoted to the study of specific activity of natural (K-40, U-235, U-238, Th-232) and anthropogenic (Cs-137) radionuclides in cryoconites of glaciers of the Central Caucasus. …”
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A Case Study of Energy-Saving and Frost Heave Control Scheme in Artificial Ground Freezing Project by Song Zhang, Xiao-min Zhou, Jiwei Zhang, Tiecheng Sun, Wenzhu Ma, Yong Liu, Ning Yang

“…The freezing wall thickness, average temperature, and optimization scheme during the freezing process are discussed. …”
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Regional Climate Effects of Conversion from Grassland to Forestland in Southeastern China by Rui Yu, Xinsheng Wang, Zhe Yan, Haiming Yan, Qunou Jiang

“…The land-use and land-cover change (LUCC) is the synthetic result of natural processes and human activities; it largely depends on the surface vegetation conditions, and the mutual conversion among land cover types can accelerate or alleviate the regional and global climate changes. …”
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Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as a System for Ciprofloxacin Drug Delivery; Kinetic of Adsorption and Releasing by Enas Abd Dleam, Sameer H. Kareem

“…The results show that the MPS particle in the nanorange (40-80 nm ) with average diameter equal to 62.15 nm has  rods particle morphology, specific surface area is 1096.122 m2/g, pore volume 0.900 cm3/g, with average pore diameter 2.902 nm, which can serve as efficient carriers for drugs. …”
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Use of electrospun chia seed mucilage nanofibers rich in biopolymers in encapsulation of Hypericum perforatum extract by Saadet Çeliközlü

“…The average diameters of CM+PVA and CM+PVA+HPE nanofibers were 72 nm and 290 nm, respectively. …”
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Synthesis and Study of the Structural, Optical and Photocatalytic Characteristics of V2O5/TiO2 Nanocomposites by Т.A. Khalyavka, S.V. Camyshan, N.N. Tsyba, S.N. Scherbakov

“…It was observed that increasing of V2O5 in composites leads to an increase of crystallite size, lattice parameters, the average pore radius and reduces the specific surface area and average pore volume. …”
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Low-temperature thermochronology and its geological significance in the central-northern section of the western margin of the Ordos Basin by G. Xing, G. Xing, Z. Ren, Z. Ren, K. Qi, K. Qi, S. Guo, S. Guo, Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Zhang, H. Lan

“…The new thermal-history inverse modelling results show that the Zhuozishan Mountain region (ZM region) experienced large-scale exhumation in the Late Jurassic (160–150 Ma), with an average exhumation rate of ca. 45 m Ma<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span> and an average cooling rate of ca. 2 °C Ma<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span>; slow exhumation in the Early Cretaceous–Oligocene (130–30 Ma), with an average exhumation rate of ca. 10 m Ma<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span> and an average cooling rate of ca. 1 °C Ma<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span>; and severe exhumation after the Oligocene (30 Ma–present), with an average exhumation rate of ca. 30 m Ma<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span> and an average cooling rate of ca. 1.2 °C Ma<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span>. …”
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Detection and reconstruction of rock glacier kinematics over 24 years (2000–2024) from Landsat imagery by D. Cusicanqui, P. Lacroix, X. Bodin, B. A. Robson, A. Kääb, S. MacDonell, S. MacDonell

“…Some large rock glaciers and debris-frozen landforms exhibit surface velocities exceeding 2 m yr<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span>. …”
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Seasonal dynamics and regional distribution patterns of CO₂ and CH₄ in the north-eastern Baltic Sea by S. Lainela, E. Jacobs, S.-T. Luik, S.-T. Luik, G. Rehder, U. Lips

“…The general seasonal <span class="inline-formula"><i>p</i></span>CO<span class="inline-formula">₂</span> pattern showed oversaturation in autumn–winter (average relative CO<span class="inline-formula">₂</span> saturation 1.2) and undersaturation in spring–summer (average relative CO<span class="inline-formula">₂</span> saturation 0.5), but it locally reached the saturation level during the cruises in April, May, and August in the GoR and in August in the GoF. …”
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Evaporation Loss During Sprinkler Irrigation by F. S. Zazueta

“…Through analysis, it is determined that evaporation is influenced by climate demand, time of operation, and water droplet surface area. A nomograph is introduced to estimate evaporation loss, with findings suggesting an average daily loss of 1.5 percent in Gainesville, Florida. …”
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