Importance of basement faulting and salt decoupling for the structural evolution of the Fars Arc (Zagros fold-and-thrust belt): a numerical modeling approach by F. Gomar, J. B. Ruh, M. Najafi, F. Sobouti

“…Our results, related to the temporal and spatial relationship between thin- and thick-skinned tectonics, can work as analogues for similar orogenic belts worldwide, such as Taiwan, the Pyrenees, the Alps, the Appalachians, and the Kopet Dagh.…”
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Advanced Deep Learning Approaches for Forecasting High-Resolution Fire Weather Index (FWI) over CONUS: Integration of GNN-LSTM, GNN-TCNN, and GNN-DeepAR by Shihab Ahmad Shahriar, Yunsoo Choi, Rashik Islam

“…The models were evaluated using the Index of Agreement (IOA) and root mean squared error (RMSE). …”
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Driving factors and management strategies for water quality improvement in Fuxian Lake, China: A case study on ecological restoration and sustainable management of plateau lakes by Huimei Wang, Nuruol Syuhadaa Mohd

“…By using a mixed-methods approach that integrates 34-year monitoring data (1990–2024) with principal component analysis (PCA), Statistical trend analyses (Mann-Kendall test with Sen’s slope), combined with geospatial visualization (GIS, kriging interpolation), Correlation networks (Pearson) and constrained ordination (Redundancy Analysis, RDA), we quantified the temporal-spatial dynamics of water quality parameters (TN, TP, COD), pinpointed dominant pollution pathways, and evaluated the cumulative efficacy of policy interventions versus climatic drivers. …”
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Water Use Efficiency Spatiotemporal Change and Its Driving Analysis on the Mongolian Plateau by Gesi Tang, Yulong Bao, Changqing Sun, Mei Yong, Byambakhuu Gantumur, Rentsenduger Boldbayar, Yuhai Bao

“…Thus, it is important to evaluate temporal and spatial changes in WUE over a prolonged period. …”
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A novel multi-modal rehabilitation monitoring over human motion intention recognition by Saleha Kamal, Saleha Kamal, Mohammed Alshehri, Yahya AlQahtani, Abdulmonem Alshahrani, Nouf Abdullah Almujally, Ahmad Jalal, Ahmad Jalal, Hui Liu, Hui Liu, Hui Liu

“…This paper presents a novel multi-modal framework that integrates RGB and depth data to extract high-resolution spatial-temporal and anatomical features for accurate HMIR. …”
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Enhancing security in 6G-enabled wireless sensor networks for smart cities: a multi-deep learning intrusion detection approach by Waqar Khan, Muhammad Usama, Muhammad Shahbaz Khan, Oumaima Saidani, Hussam Al Hamadi, Noha Alnazzawi, Mohammed S. Alshehri, Jawad Ahmad

“…This hybrid approach captures spatial, temporal, and contextual patterns in network traffic, improving detection accuracy against botnets, denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, and reconnaissance threats.Results and discussionTo validate the proposed framework, we employ the Kitsune and 5G-NIDD datasets, which provide intrusion detection scenarios relevant to IoT-based and non-IP traffic environments. …”
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Explainable AI Meets Synthetic Data: A Deep Learning Framework for Detecting Network Intrusion in NextG Network Infrastructure by Md Junayed Hossain, Khorshed Alam, Md Fahad Monir, Md Mozammal Hoque, Tarem Ahmed

“…The CNN and LSTM models, applied independently, leverage their respective strengths to extract spatial and temporal features from network traffic, achieving robust classification accuracy. …”
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Global, regional, and national burden of heart failure and its underlying causes, 1990–2021: results from the global burden of disease study 2021 by Jun Ran, Ping Zhou, Jinxi Wang, Xuemei Zhao, Yan Huang, Qiong Zhou, Mei Zhai, Yuhui Zhang

“…This study aims to systematically analyze the global HF disease burden from 1990 to 2021 across temporal, spatial, and demographic dimensions to provide evidence for targeted prevention and control strategies. …”
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The formation of the Bicoid morphogen gradient requires protein movement from anteriorly localized mRNA. by Shawn C Little, Gašper Tkačik, Thomas B Kneeland, Eric F Wieschaus, Thomas Gregor

“…The Bicoid morphogen gradient directs the patterning of cell fates along the anterior-posterior axis of the syncytial Drosophila embryo and serves as a paradigm of morphogen-mediated patterning. …”
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The Interannual Variability of Global Burned Area Is Mostly Explained by Climatic Drivers by Andrina Gincheva, Juli G. Pausas, Miguel Ángel Torres‐Vázquez, Joaquín Bedia, Sergio M. Vicente‐Serrano, John T. Abatzoglou, Josep A. Sánchez‐Espigares, Emilio Chuvieco, Sonia Jerez, Antonello Provenzale, Ricardo M. Trigo, Marco Turco

“…Abstract Better understanding how fires respond to climate variability is an issue of current interest in light of ongoing climate change. However, evaluating the global‐scale temporal variability of fires in response to climate presents a challenge due to the intricate processes at play and the limitation of fire data. …”
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The roles of surface processes in porphyry copper deposit preservation by B. Hadler Boggiani, T. Salles, C. Mallard, N. Atwood

“…To highlight the influence of paleo-reconstructions on exhumation rate estimates, we analyze simulated erosion rates across the Andean region using two distinct paleo-climate models and find significant spatial and temporal differences across the Central Andes. …”
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Spatiotemporal Determinants of Urban Leptospirosis Transmission: Four-Year Prospective Cohort Study of Slum Residents in Brazil. by José E Hagan, Paula Moraga, Federico Costa, Nicolas Capian, Guilherme S Ribeiro, Elsio A Wunder, Ridalva D M Felzemburgh, Renato B Reis, Nivison Nery, Francisco S Santana, Deborah Fraga, Balbino L Dos Santos, Andréia C Santos, Adriano Queiroz, Wagner Tassinari, Marilia S Carvalho, Mitermayer G Reis, Peter J Diggle, Albert I Ko

“…Although infection risk varied between years, the spatial distribution of risk associated with fixed and random effects did not vary temporally. …”
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Investigating population genetic structure in a highly mobile marine organism: the minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata acutorostrata in the North East Atlantic. by María Quintela, Hans J Skaug, Nils Øien, Tore Haug, Bjørghild B Seliussen, Hiroko K Solvang, Christophe Pampoulie, Naohisa Kanda, Luis A Pastene, Kevin A Glover

“…The primary findings were: (1) No spatial or temporal genetic differentiations were observed for either class of genetic marker. (2) mtDNA identified three distinct mitochondrial lineages without any underlying geographical pattern. (3) Nuclear markers showed evidence of a single panmictic population in the NE Atlantic according STRUCTURE's highest average likelihood found at K = 1. (4) When K = 2 was accepted, based on the Evanno's test, whales were divided into two more or less equally sized groups that showed significant genetic differentiation between them but without any sign of underlying geographic pattern. …”
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Extreme precipitation simulation capability of CMIP6 models and their future spatiotemporal evolution: Case study in Poyang Lake Basin, China by Yinxin Ge, Shanghong Zhang, Weiyi Zhou, Linyang Zhao, Qingqing Fang

“…This method demonstrably provides better simulations of interannual distribution and spatial pattern characteristics compared to single models and simple multi-model averages. …”
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Estimation of Cloud Water Resources in China by Jie Yu, Yuquan Zhou, Miao Cai, Jianjun Ou

“…A random forest model, coupled with a fuzzy logic approach, is employed to estimate future cloud water resources, as well as their spatial distribution and temporal trends. The results indicate that the random forest model effectively captures the relationship between atmospheric physical variables and cloud water resources, demonstrating strong agreement with historical data. …”
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Integrating plot-based methods for monitoring biodiversity in island habitats under the scope of BIODIVERSA + project BioMonI: Tree monitoring in Terceira, Tenerife and Réunion Isl... by Paulo Borges, Leila Morgado, Rosalina Gabriel, Rui Elias, Mirana Gauche, Claudine Ah-Peng, Rüdiger Otto, Lea de Nascimento, Dominique Strasberg, Nathaly Guerrero-Ramírez, Holger Kreft, José María Fernández-Palacios

“…These standardised data collections within permanent plots allow for consistent, replicable observations across temporal and spatial scales. Initiatives like the Global Island Monitoring Scheme (GIMS) highlight the value of permanent plots in capturing ecological gradients and anthropogenic disturbance patterns. …”
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Energy-Efficient Secure Cell-Free Massive MIMO for Internet of Things: A Hybrid CNN–LSTM-Based Deep-Learning Approach by Ali Vaziri, Pardis Sadatian Moghaddam, Mehrdad Shoeibi, Masoud Kaveh

“…To enhance SEE, we introduce a hybrid deep-learning (DL) framework that integrates convolutional neural networks (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks for joint EE and security optimization. The CNN extracts spatial features, while the LSTM captures temporal dependencies, enabling a more robust and adaptive modeling of dynamic IoT communication patterns. …”
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Global burden of gallbladder and biliary diseases (1990–2021) with healthcare workforce analysis and projections to 2035 by Fangyi Dai, Yuzhou Cai, Shangjin Yang, Jingyang Zhang, Yong Dai

“…This study aims to examine the temporal and spatial patterns of these diseases globally from 1990 to 2021, analyze healthcare workforce distribution relative to disease burden, and project the disease burden to 2035. …”
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Two-dimensional modeling of nitrate transport in canola field under Moistube irrigation using HYDRUS 2D/3D by Tinashe Lindel Dirwai, Tinashe Lindel Dirwai, Aidan Senzanje, Aidan Senzanje, Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi

“…While previous studies have explored wetting patterns under Moistube Irrigation (MTI) and discussed qualitative nitrate retention, few have quantitatively simulated nitrate transport through variably saturated zones with fine temporal-spatial resolution.MethodsA field experiment was conducted in a 20 m × 8 m naturally ventilated greenhouse using three irrigation regimes: (i) full irrigation (100% ETc), (ii) optimal deficit irrigation (75% ETc), and (iii) extreme deficit irrigation (55% ETc). …”
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Investigating the urban eco-environmental quality utilizing remote sensing based approach: evidence from an industrial city of Eastern India by Sharmistha Mondal, Kapil Kumar Gavsker

“…Hence, to restore biodiversity and ensure regional sustainability, it is necessary to immediately evaluate the eco-environmental quality of urban areas. …”
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