Global burden of gallbladder and biliary diseases (1990–2021) with healthcare workforce analysis and projections to 2035 by Fangyi Dai, Yuzhou Cai, Shangjin Yang, Jingyang Zhang, Yong Dai

“…This study aims to examine the temporal and spatial patterns of these diseases globally from 1990 to 2021, analyze healthcare workforce distribution relative to disease burden, and project the disease burden to 2035. …”
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Two-dimensional modeling of nitrate transport in canola field under Moistube irrigation using HYDRUS 2D/3D by Tinashe Lindel Dirwai, Tinashe Lindel Dirwai, Aidan Senzanje, Aidan Senzanje, Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi

“…While previous studies have explored wetting patterns under Moistube Irrigation (MTI) and discussed qualitative nitrate retention, few have quantitatively simulated nitrate transport through variably saturated zones with fine temporal-spatial resolution.MethodsA field experiment was conducted in a 20 m × 8 m naturally ventilated greenhouse using three irrigation regimes: (i) full irrigation (100% ETc), (ii) optimal deficit irrigation (75% ETc), and (iii) extreme deficit irrigation (55% ETc). …”
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A Generative Framework for Probabilistic, Spatiotemporally Coherent Downscaling of Climate Simulation by Jonathan Schmidt, Luca Schmidt, Felix M. Strnad, Nicole Ludwig, Philipp Hennig

“…Current statistical downscaling methods infer these phenomena as temporally decoupled spatial patches. However, to preserve physical properties, estimating spatio-temporally coherent high-resolution weather dynamics for multiple variables across long time horizons is crucial. …”
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Enhancing burned area monitoring with VIIRS dataset: A case study in Sub-Saharan Africa by Boris Ouattara, Michael Thiel, Barbara Sponholz, Heiko Paeth, Marta Yebra, Florent Mouillot, Patrick Kacic, Kwame Hackman

“…To address this, future versions of the algorithm will integrate the updated VIIRS reflectance data alongside VIIRS active fire from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to reduce CE and improve understanding spatial patterns.…”
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Effects of the unity vacuum suspension system on transtibial gait for simulated non-level surfaces. by Gabrielle Thibault, Hossein Gholizadeh, Emily Sinitski, Natalie Baddour, Edward D Lemaire

“…Significant differences between active and inactive vacuum conditions (p<0.05) were found for some temporal-spatial and kinematic gait parameters, but the differences were small and not considered clinically significant. …”
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Spatiotemporal Change in Climate Variables and Resources of Wind， Solar Radiation and Precipitation in Qinghai Province from 1961 to 2021 by Meixia DUAN, Miaoni GAO, Han JIANG, Runhong XU, buda SU, Tong JIANG

“…In order to evaluate the potential of wind， solar radiation and precipitation in guaranteeing the development of clean energy comprehensively， this study analyzed the temporal and spatial changes in climate variables and resources of wind speed， solar radiation and precipitation in Qinghai Province throughout the year and four seasons from 1961 to 2021 based on the observation data of daily 10-meter-height wind speed， sunshine duration and precipitation at 51 meteorological stations.The results are as follows： （1） The annual average wind speed， solar radiation and precipitation in Qinghai Province are 2.67 m·s-1， 6084.2 MJ·m-2， and 299.7 mm， respectively.Wind speed tends to be higher in the western regions and lower in the east， which exceeds 3 m/s and reaches the standard for wind energy resource development in western Qinghai.The annual solar radiation in the entire Province exceeds 5040 MJ·m-2， and reaches the "very rich" level according to China Solar energy GB Standards.The solar radiation of Qaidam Basin is at its highest abundance level， which is ideal for solar energy resource development.Precipitation generally decreases from southeast to northwest.The resources of wind， solar radiation， and precipitation in Qinghai Province exhibits seasonal complementarity， characterized by a pattern of “strong winds， good sunlight， and less water in spring， whereas weak winds， good sunlight， and abundant water in summer”.（2） Under climate change， the annual average wind speed and total solar radiation in Qinghai Province show a significant decrease at rates of 0.16 m·s-1·10a-1and 29.04 MJ·m-2·（10a）-1， respectively.The western and central parts of Haixi are most affected by these changes， but the wind speed and solar radiation still remain within the acceptable range for wind energy and photovoltaic resource development.Meanwhile， precipitation increases significantly at a rate of 8.85 mm·（10a）-1， with the largest increase observed in western Yushu， eastern Haixi and northern Guoluo.The most significant decrease in wind speed is observed in spring， while summer solar radiation decreases at the fastest rate but with a substantial increase in precipitation.The changes in solar radiation and precipitation could be ascribed to the increased cloud cover in this region.（3） The changes in the areas where wind speed and solar radiation meet suitable development standards in Qinghai Province are not significant with reduced variabilities， which could ensure the stable development of clean energy.Wind energy resources in western Qinghai （such as Tanggula Mountains）， solar energy resources in the Qaidam Basin， and water energy resources in the three major river basins of the Yangtze River， Yellow River， and Lancang River have great potential for development.Overall， the results provide a theoretical foundation for the development of a balanced clean energy system encompassing wind， solar and hydropower.This contributes to achieving national "dual carbon" goals and enhancing the high-quality development of Qinghai Province.…”
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Establishment and characterization of liver‐specific Apoa4‐Cre and Cyp2c11‐Cre rat models in juvenile and adult stages by Wei Dong, Xiang Gao, Feifei Guan, Jirong Pan, Wei Chen, Li Zhang, Lianfeng Zhang

“…Rosa26‐imCherry rats were employed to hybridize with the Cre rats to obtain the Apoa4‐Cre/Rosa26‐imCherry and Cyp2c11‐Cre/Rosa26‐imCherry rats. The temporal and spatial patterns of Cre expression were determined by the observation of red fluorescence on tissue sections. …”
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l-[5-11C]Glutamine PET imaging noninvasively tracks dynamic responses of glutaminolysis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by Yiding Zhang, Lin Xie, Masayuki Fujinaga, Yusuke Kurihara, Masanao Ogawa, Katsushi Kumata, Wakana Mori, Tomomi Kokufuta, Nobuki Nengaki, Hidekatsu Wakizaka, Rui Luo, Feng Wang, Kuan Hu, Ming-Rong Zhang

“…PET imaging with [11C]Gln effectively delineated the pharmacokinetics of l-glutamine, capturing its temporal-spatial pattern of action within the body. …”
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Understanding flood and drought extremes under a changing climate in the Blue Nile Basin: A review by Demelash Ademe Malede, Vetrimurugan Elumalai, Tesfa Gebrie Andualem, Yilkal Gebeyehu Mekonnen, Mesenbet Yibeltal, Girum Getachew Demeke, Tena Alamirew, Shimelash Molla Kassaye, Yonas Gebreslasie Hagos, Anmut Enawgaw Kassie, Mulatu Kassa, Gizachew Sewagegn Berihun, Ram L. Ray

“…Extreme flood and drought events arise from temporal and spatial variations in the Earth's water cycle, significantly affecting water resources and the environment. …”
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Mapping Burned Area in the Caatinga Biome: Employing Deep Learning Techniques by Washington J. S. Franca Rocha, Rodrigo N. Vasconcelos, Soltan Galano Duverger, Diego P. Costa, Nerivaldo A. Santos, Rafael O. Franca Rocha, Mariana M. M. de Santana, Ane A. C. Alencar, Vera L. S. Arruda, Wallace Vieira da Silva, Jefferson Ferreira-Ferreira, Mariana Oliveira, Leonardo da Silva Barbosa, Carlos Leandro Cordeiro

“…This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a fire detection model and analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of burned areas, providing essential insights for fire management and prevention strategies. …”
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Genetic diversity of norovirus in Shenzhen Based on continuous surveillance from 2016 to 2022 by Xin Wang, Wanqiu Liu, Wanqiu Liu, Wanqiu Liu, Mingda Hu, Hui Ma, Yaqing He, Boqian Wang, Kexin Li, Kexin Li, Kexin Li, Rui Zhang, Rui Zhang, Rui Zhang, JingJing Fu, JingJing Fu, Hailong Zhang, Long Chen, Xinru Zhao, Xinru Zhao, Xinru Zhao, Buaijier Aimaiti, Buaijier Aimaiti, Buaijier Aimaiti, Hongbin Song, Hongguang Ren, Xiaofeng Hu

“…It involved analyzing the demographic, spatial, and temporal distribution of norovirus infections. …”
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Full-chain comprehensive assessment and multi-scenario simulation of geological disaster vulnerability based on the VSD framework: a case study of Yunnan province in China by Li Xu, Shucheng Tan, Runyang Li

“…The results show that from 2030 to 2050, GDV in Yunnan Province is generally at a medium–high level, with a spatial distribution pattern of “centered on Kunming, with a radial increase extending outward.” …”
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Agricultural GDP exposure to drought and its machine learning-based prediction in the Jialing River Basin, China by Xinzhi Wang, Qingxia Lin, Zhiyong Wu, Yuliang Zhang, Changwen Li, Ji Liu, Shinan Zhang, Songyu Li

“…Subsequently, the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and standardized soil moisture index (SSMI) were applied to analyze the spatial-temporal patterns of droughts. Additionally, cropland exposure to drought was evaluated using gridded agricultural GDP data derived from pixel interpolation. …”
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DECIPHeR-GW v1: a coupled hydrological model with improved representation of surface–groundwater interactions by Y. Zheng, Y. Zheng, G. Coxon, M. Rahman, R. Woods, S. Salwey, S. Salwey, S. Salwey, Y. Rong, D. E. Wendt

“…Furthermore, our model reproduces temporal patterns of the groundwater level time series, with more than half of the wells achieving a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.6 or higher when comparing simulations to observations. …”
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Ecological and climatic transferability of airborne lidar-driven aboveground biomass models in Piñon-Juniper woodlands by Jessie F. Eastburn, Michael J. Campbell, Philip E. Dennison, William Rl Anderegg, Kevin J. Barrett, Patrick A. Fekety, Samuel W. Flake, David W. Huffman, Steven A. Kannenberg, Kelly L. Kerr, Andrew J. Sánchez Meador, Jody C. Vogeler

“…Piñon-juniper (PJ) woodlands are an expansive and dynamic dryland ecosystem in the US that encompass a wide range of spatial, temporal, and ecological diversity. The dynamism of PJ woodland extent and abundance over space and time is attributable to variability in species compositions, stand structures, climatic conditions, and disturbance patterns. …”
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Brief communication: Monitoring snow depth using small, cheap, and easy-to-deploy snow–ground interface temperature sensors by C. L. Bachand, C. L. Bachand, C. Wang, B. Dafflon, L. N. Thomas, L. N. Thomas, I. Shirley, S. Maebius, S. Maebius, C. M. Iversen, K. E. Bennett

“…<p>Temporally continuous snow depth estimates are vital for understanding changing snow patterns and impacts on permafrost in the Arctic. …”
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探討強化學習演算法之素材推薦機制與AI學習履歷之學習者感知 Learner Perceptions of AI-Powered Learning Portfolios and Personalized Material Recommendation Mechanisms in Reinforcement Learning Algorithms... by 曾建維 Jian-Wei Tzeng, 黃天麒 Tien-Chi Huang, 薛承祐 Cheng-Yu Hsueh, 廖英淞 Ying-Song Liao

“…Embodying principles of openness and transcending temporal and spatial constraints, online courses afforded global learners opportunities for continued education during the pandemic. …”
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Probabilistic Interference Prediction for Dynamic 6G In-X Sub-Networks by Pramesh Gautam, Carsten Bockelmann, Armin Dekorsy

“…The effectiveness of the proposed predictors is evaluated using a spatially consistent 3GPP channel model incorporating realistic mobility and two distinct extreme traffic models. …”
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Relationships between vegetation indices and surface reflectance: Implications for detecting and monitoring sandification in arid regions by Yifan Yue, Wenzhi Zhao, Rentao Liu

“…Temporally, sandification intensity has greatly declined, with the area of extremely severe sandification shrinking from 2282 to 377 km2; spatially, sandification has occurred along a pronounced northeast–southwest gradient. …”
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Soil moisture retrieval and spatiotemporal variation analysis based on deep learning by Zihan Zhang, Jinjie Wang, Jianli Ding, Jinming Zhang, Liya Shi, Wen Ma

“…The soil moisture map produced by the optimal model reveals a spatial distribution pattern in the Weiku Oasis, characterized by higher moisture levels in the center and lower levels at the periphery. …”
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