Espacio literario relevante sobre el problema del vendedor viajero (TSP): contenido, clasificación, métodos y campos de inspiración Relevant literary space on travelling salesman p... by Jorge Ivan Pérez Rave, Gloria Patricia Jaramillo Álvarez

“…Evidence shows that there has been progress in the development of TSP solving methods, highlighted by various inspiration fields: biological evolution, behavior of real ants, thermodynamics, systematic strategies for combining decision rules, and neighborhood search. …”
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Endogeneity Problem in Corporate Finance: Theory and Practice by Z. V. Selezneva, M. S. Evdokimova

“…The aim of this study is to review an endogeneity problem in CF and ways to solve a problem of endogeneity. …”
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Expert assessments of the problems of professional training of doctors by O. A. Aleksandrova, A. V. Yarasheva

“…Professional training of doctors is a dynamically developing system, the effectiveness of which ultimately affects the quality of medical services provided to the population. Conclusion. Solving the problems associated with improving the content of curricula in medical universities, organizing the educational process and monitoring knowledge requires careful research and search for approaches that meet modern realities.…”
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Demographic Problems in the Northern Regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan by K. Bodaukhan, N. Shaikenova, A. Shilmanova, M. Bayandin, Zh. Kochiygit

“…The authors emphasize the importance of an integrated approach to solving demographic problems, including improving well-being, providing affordable health care and developing effective demographic policies. …”
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“Problems Of E-Governance İn Government Agencies And Their Solutions” by İsmayıl Muradov

“…In this sense, the relevance of the study includes the analysis of e-governance problems in government agencies in Azerbaijan and ways to solve them. …”
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Analysis and Solutions to Environmental Problems in Livestock Farming by A. Yu. Bryukhanov, V. D. Popov, E. V. Vasilev, E. V. Shalavina, R. A. Uvarov

“…(Conclusions) The results obtained allow us to systematically analyze the problems of agroecosystem environmental sustainability and propose specifi c technical and optimization solutions for livestock farming.…”
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Modern problems and peculiarities of the resettlement policy of the Russian Federation by E. F. Aydynbekov

“…For the effective management of migration processes, maximizing the positive outcomes and minimizing the negative consequences, in 2012 the Russian Federation adopted the Concept of the state migration policy for the period up to 2025, which defined the main goals, objectives and principles of the Russian migration policy (hereinafter – the Concept).Stabilization and increasing permanent population of the country is one of the most important goals.However, the priority objective to achieve this goal is to create the conditions and incentives for the resettlement of compatriots, living abroad to the Russian Federation for the permanent residence, emigrants and certain categories of foreign nationals, necessary for the Russian economy.In this direction, the Concept of the state migration policy for the period up to 2025 provides as follows: [1]• Assistance to voluntary resettlement of compatriots, living abroad to the Russian Federation and emigrants’ returning;• Implementation of the State program to assist the voluntary resettlement of compatriots, living abroad to the Russian Federation, its modernization and making it termless;• Facilitating resettlement of foreign nationals for the purpose of family reunification to the Russian Federation;• Upgrading of institutions of temporary residence permit and a residence permit.Taking into account the economic, demographic and political challenges and threats, assistance to the voluntary resettlement of compatriots, residing in other countries to the Russian Federation, is the most important strategic resource to solve a number of important issues and tasks.The implemented «State program to assist the voluntary resettlement of compatriots, living abroad to the Russian Federation» [2] is aimed to consolidate the potential of compatriots, to the needs of progressive development of the regions of the country and the economy as a whole.The objectives of the program are:• Promotion and organization of the voluntary resettlement of compatriots on the permanent residence in the Russian Federation;• Assistance to the social and economic development in the regions;• Solution of demographic problems, especially in the priority areas of settlement.At the same time, the State program requires a systematic improvement and adjustment, paying attention on external and internal changes.This article discusses the resettlement policy of the Russian Federation, explores the current key issues in this area, in the sphere of migration policy, analyzes the issues of improving the legal support of resettlement of compatriots, living abroad to the territory of Russia, presents statistical data on the number of participants and regional settlement, considers preferences, received by compatriots, decided to move on a permanent basis in Russia, as well as the preliminary results of the State program on resettlement of compatriots to the Russian Federation.…”
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Solving Collaborative Scheduling of Production and Logistics via Deep Reinforcement Learning: Considering Limited Transportation Resources and Charging Constraints by Xianping Huang, Yong Chen, Wenchao Yi, Zhi Pei, Ziwen Cheng

“…To address this gap, this paper proposes a flexible job shop production-logistics collaborative scheduling model that incorporates transport and charging constraints, aiming to minimize the maximum makespan. To solve this problem, an improved PPO algorithm—CRGPPO-TKL—has been developed, which integrates candidate probability ratio calculations and a dynamic clipping mechanism based on target KL divergence to enhance the exploration capability and stability during policy updates. …”
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Problems and prospects for the use of nanofluids in thermal power engineering by A. N. Makeev, Ya. A. Kiryukhin

“…The aim of the work is to study the use of nanofluids as heat carriers to increase the efficiency of heat removal in energy facilities. To solve this problem, materials of domestic and foreign scientific articles, conferences and dissertations on the subject of nanofluids were analyzed. …”
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Effects of Decision Variables Selection on Sewer Optimization Problem by Tulin Cetin, Mustafa Erkan Turan, Mumin Emre Senol

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Application of the Method of Problem Learning in the Study of the Discipline “Information Security” by V. A. Sizov, D. M. Malinichev, Kh. K. Kuchmezov, V. V. Mochalov

“…The purpose of this article is to develop students’ critical thinking for solving problems in the field of information security by using the method of problem learning in teaching the discipline “Information Security”. …”
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MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA by Eka Khairani Hasibuan, Dian Armanto, Zul Amry

“…This research examines the effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in mathematics education through a systematic analysis of 27 research journals. …”
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METHODOLOGY FOR STUDYING THE PROBLEM OF WAR AND PEACE IN PERSONAL RELIGIOUS BELIEFS by Z. V. Shwed

“…The author's analysis is based on the systematic reconstruction of modern theoretical models of understanding religious fundamentalism and its connection with the subject of modern anthropological research. …”
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The problem of forming intercultural communicative competence in higher educational students by E. Klushina

“…The effectiveness of the formation of intercultural communicative competence is assessed, prospects for research are outlined, a conclusion is made about the importance of understanding existing problems and developing an algorithm for solving them. …”
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A new hybrid approach for solving partial differential equations: Combining Physics-Informed Neural Networks with Cat-and-Mouse based Optimization by Nursyiva Irsalinda, Maharani A. Bakar, Fatimah Noor Harun, Sugiyarto Surono, Danang A. Pratama

“…These findings establish PINN-CMBO as a highly effective framework for solving complex PDE problems, surpassing existing methods in terms of accuracy and stability.…”
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SPEEDING ALGORITHM FOR MINIMAX OPTIMIZATION OF ALLOCATION PROBLEM SOLUTIONS IN HOMOGENEOUS SYSTEMS by Rudolf Anatolyevich Neydorf, Artem Alexandrovich Zhikulin

“…The optimization algorithm for solving homogeneous allocation problems of the scheduling theory is described and proved. …”
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Problems of social entrepreneurship in the context of current transformation of national and regional economy by V. N. Pishchulin, M. I. Shepelev

“…The growth of the domestic economy significantly depends on the level of entrepreneurial activity, which should be aimed at solving social problems. The active development of social entrepreneurship in the regions makes it possible to solve not only social problems, but also to fully influence national economic system by creating new jobs. …”
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Intersectoral problems of qualification of labor law violations as administrative offences in Russia by M. A. Drachuk, G. N. Obukhova

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Problem-Solution based Patent Analysis for Identifying Semiconductor Technology Trends by Mingyu Kim, Youngjin Seol, Seunghyun Lee, Janghyeok Yoon

“…This study analyzes problem-solving patterns by linking technical problems and solutions that comprise semiconductor technology. …”
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Medelacide: the intentional and systematic destruction of healthcare infrastructure by Jason C. Mueller

“…When analysing recurrent global social problems, new theories and concepts often emerge. This is the outcome of not only needing a vocabulary to identify and document problems as they unfold, but to label the specific problem as one in need of solving. …”
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