Dose-dependent effects of capsaicin on intestinal morphology and microbiota composition in mice: Structural, immunohistochemical, and microbial insights by Kai Li, Jianghai Xu, Siying Chen, Aifei Du, Shaohua Feng, Shibin Yuan, Bangyuan Wu

“…Histological assessments (H&E and Alcian Blue-Periodic Acid–Schiff staining), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for diamine oxidase, fatty acid-binding protein 2, and plasma endotoxin as well as immunohistochemistry for ZO-1, Claudin-1, and Occludin, and 16S rRNA sequencing were employed to evaluate structural and microbial changes. …”
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Sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors in BRAF/MEK inhibitor refractory melanoma by Grant A McArthur, Reem Saleh, Lorey Smith, Karen E Sheppard, Riyaben P Patel, Lydia Rui Jia Lim, Darius Schenk, Michael K Lee, Emily Lelliott, Aparna D Rao, Shaghayegh Arabi, Anna S Trigos, Nicole Haynes

“…Flow cytometry was employed to analyze immune cell populations within the tumor microenvironment, focusing on changes in CD8+T effector cells and other key immune subsets. RNA sequencing was performed to profile transcriptomic changes in resistant tumors, providing insights into the signaling pathways associated with resistance. …”
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Decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in chronic kidney disease: integrated clinical and experimental evidence by Juan Chen, Lili Fu, Mengjin Li, Kun Xie, Xinming Li, Xu-jie Zhou, Li Yang, Liming Zhang, Cheng Xue, Cheng Xue, Zhiguo Mao

“…However, the evidence and regulatory mechanisms underlying decreased BDNF levels in CKD remain inconclusive.MethodsThis study systematically evaluated circulating BDNF alterations in CKD patients through a meta-analysis of clinical studies involving 1,549 participants, complemented by experimental validation in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice and single-cell transcriptomic database analysis to investigate tissue-specific BDNF protein expression and regulatory patterns.ResultsMeta-analysis confirmed significantly reduced circulating BDNF in CKD patients (WMD = −0.62 ng/mL, 95% CI [-0.98, −0.25], P < 0.001; I2 = 87%). …”
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Enhanced mitochondrial function and delivery from adipose-derived stem cell spheres via the EZH2-H3K27me3-PPARγ pathway for advanced therapy by Ming-Min Chang, Dinh Toi Chu, Sheng-Che Lin, Jung-Shun Lee, Thuy Duong Vu, Hue Thi Vu, Thamil Selvee Ramasamy, Shau-Ping Lin, Chia-Ching Wu

“…Mitochondrial activity and ATP production were assessed using MitoTracker staining, Seahorse XF analysis, and ATP luminescence assays. Single-cell RNA sequencing, followed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), was conducted to uncover key regulatory pathways, which were validated through molecular techniques. …”
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A novel patient-derived cutaneous melanoma cell line reveals key features of metastatic melanoma by Ana Tomás, Ana Tomás, Lúcia Roque, Inês Francisco, Ana Luísa Silva, Hugo Nunes, Emanuel Gouveia, Elisabete Carvalho, Victor Farricha, Cecília Moura, Joaninha Costa Rosa, Pedro Miguel Garrido, Cristina Albuquerque, Patrícia M. Pereira, M. Guadalupe Cabral, Marta Pojo

“…Here, we describe the establishment and characterization of a novel patient-derived primary cell line, MelT79, developed from a metastatic lesion of a patient initially diagnosed with stage IB CM, who unexpectedly progressed to advanced disease.MethodsMelT79 was characterized by multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization, high resolution comparative genomic hybridization, and targeted next-generation sequencing. Gene and protein expression were evaluated by RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence, and cell proliferation was assessed using trypan blue exclusion and BrdU incorporation assays. …”
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Fecal microbiota transplantation alleviates weaning stress in Tibetan piglets by modulating gut microbiota–metabolite interactions by Jian Zhang, Jian Zhang, Jian Zhang, Mingxuan Zhao, Mingxuan Zhao, Mingxuan Zhao, Hongliang Zhang, Hongliang Zhang, Hongliang Zhang, Mengjia Han, Mengjia Han, Mengjia Han, Zhankun Tan, Zhankun Tan, Zhankun Tan, Peng Shang, Peng Shang, Peng Shang

“…This study experiment used a fecal microbiota transplantation method on weaned piglets and systematically evaluated the regulatory effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on gut microbiota and host metabolism in weaned Tibetan piglets by integrating 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics, with experimental groups including a basal diet (Nor), lincomycin-supplemented (Ant), and FMT-supplemented (Fec) interventions. …”
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<i>Avena sativa</i> as a Multifunctional Tool for Phytoremediation and Bioenergy Production in Sulfentrazone Contaminated Soils by Caique Menezes de Abreu, Guilherme Henrique Fernandes Carneiro, Márcia Regina da Costa, Gabriela Madureira Barroso, Tayna Sousa Duque, Joice Mariana Santos Silva, José Barbosa dos Santos

“…Using a randomized block design, we evaluated the bioenergy potential and rhizospheric microbial dynamics of <i>A. sativa</i> in soils with and without sulfentrazone (600 g ha⁻¹). …”
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Effect of Oat Hay as a Substitute for Alfalfa Hay on the Gut Microbiome and Metabolites of Yak Calves by Yingchao Gu, Lele An, Yanan Zhou, Guoliang Xue, Yang Jiao, Deyu Yang, Shujie Liu, Zhanhong Cui

“…To evaluate the impact of different roughages on the intestinal microbiota of yak calves, we fed them oat hay in substitution of alfalfa hay, in addition to milk replacer and starter powder. …”
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Dual Role of &alpha;-MSH in Colitis Progression: Mediating Neutrophil Differentiation via Bone Marrow by Liao X, Liu H, Li Y, Zhang W, Dai Q, Wei H, Zhou J, Xie X, Zhou H

“…This study aims to investigate the alterations in the HPA and its potential roles during IBD development.Methods: We utilized a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis model in mice and employed immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), among other techniques, to evaluate the impact of colitis on the HPA. Additionally, we used flow cytometry, adeno-associated virus-mediated gene silence, parabiosis and single-cell RNA sequencing to uncover the specific roles and mechanisms of the HPA in colitis.Results: Our results indicate that colitis activates HPA secretion and increases α-MSH. α-MSH acts on the MC5R present on the surface of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow, altering the bone marrow microenvironment and promoting HSCs proliferation and differentiation into neutrophils. …”
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Elucidation of the role of stress-induced DNA polymerase II in the pathogenesis of uropathogenic Escherichia coli by Dr Damian Gawel, M.Sc. Anna Betkowska, MD Marcin Rozwadowski, Dr Marlena Godlewska, Prof Roel Schaaper

“…Whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis was used to establish SOS-deregulated genes, including the expression level of polB, in the tested strains. …”
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Gut and oral microbial compositional differences in women with breast cancer, women with ductal carcinoma in situ, and healthy women by Emma McCune, Anukriti Sharma, Breanna Johnson, Tess O'Meara, Sarah Theiner, Maribel Campos, Diane Heditsian, Susie Brain, Jack A. Gilbert, Laura Esserman, Michael J. Campbell

“…Fecal and oral samples were collected from newly diagnosed patients prior to any therapy and characterized using 16S rRNA sequencing. Measures of gut microbial alpha diversity were significantly lower in the BC vs healthy cohort. …”
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Medical Hemorrhoid Gel Ameliorates Croton Oil-Induced Hemorrhoids by Suppressing the NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation via NF-&amp;kappa;B Signaling Pathway by Ai Z, Yuan D, Li Y, Cai J, Zhou D, Liu W

“…This study aims to systematically evaluate the safety, efficacy, and mechanism of action of MHG in treating HD.Methods: The phytochemical composition of MHG was characterized using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS analyses. …”
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Novel PAP-targeted CAR-T therapy enhances antitumor efficacy through CoupledCAR approach by Wei Ding, Xi Huang, Zhiyuan Cao, Chengfei Pu, Xianyang Jiang, Xiaogang Shen, Zhao Wu, Lei Xiao, Beibei Jia, Guiting Han, Wensheng Wang, Zhipeng Huang, Victor X Lu, Le Tian

“…We constructed PAP-targeted CAR and evaluated their antitumor efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. …”
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Fingolimod as a potent anti-Staphylococcus aureus: pH-dependent cell envelope damage and eradication of biofilms/persisters by Yongpeng Shang, Yu Huang, Qingyin Meng, Zhijian Yu, Zewen Wen, Fangyou Yu

“…Biofilm inhibition and hemolytic activity were evaluated using crystal violet staining, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM), and hemolysis assays, respectively, while the effect of phospholipids on Fingolimod efficacy was assessed with checkerboard assays. …”
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Epigenetic therapeutics to overcome resistance against immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): a proof-of-concept clinical trial by Stephen Chan, Alfred Cheng, Nick La Thangue, David Kerr

“…Various approaches are currently evaluated in clinical setting to tackle acquired resistance during treatment of ICIs in HCC. …”
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Bacteriophage cocktail LEC2-LEC10 for broad-spectrum control of pathogenic and uncharacterized Escherichia coli in fresh produce by Eo-Jin Kim, Eo-Jin Kim, Sangryeol Ryu, Sangryeol Ryu, Jeong-A Lim

“…The efficacy of a two-phage cocktail was evaluated against E. coli O157:H7 strain mixtures and naturally occurring, unidentified E. coli present on commercially available vegetables. …”
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Integration of epigenomic and genomic data to predict residual feed intake and the feed conversion ratio in dairy sheep via machine learning algorithms by Pablo Augusto de Souza Fonseca, Aroa Suarez-Vega, Cristina Esteban-Blanco, Héctor Marina, Rocío Pelayo, Beatriz Gutiérrez-Gil, Juan-José Arranz

“…In this work, differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified via genome-wide bisulfite sequencing (GWBS) by comparing the DNA methylation profiles of milk somatic cells from dairy ewes that were divergent in terms of residual feed intake. …”
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Molecular Characterization, Oxidative Stress-Mediated Genotoxicity, and Hemato-Biochemical Changes in Domestic Water Buffaloes Naturally Infected with <i>Trypanosoma evansi</i> Und... by Waqas Ahmad, Muhammad Yasin Tipu, Muti ur Rehman Khan, Haroon Akbar, Aftab Ahmad Anjum, Muhammad Ovais Omer

“…Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS-1 region sequences of the identified isolates showed close genetic associations with Indian isolates. …”
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Retrospective Analysis of Gut Microbiota and Metabolomic Profiles in Pregnant Women: Association with Cesarean Section Risk by Yuan J, Wang Y, Liu L

“…Fecal samples were collected one month prior to delivery for gut microbiota analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Serum samples were subjected to targeted metabolomics via UHPLC-QTOF-MS, focusing on markers of energy metabolism. …”
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In vitro activity of imipenem/relebactam and comparators against Enterobacterales isolates collected in Brazilian hospitals according to results from the Study for Monitoring Antim... by Amanda Azevedo Bittencourt, Vinicius Lima Faustino, Paula de Mendonça Batista, Lays Paulino Leonel, Marina Della Negra de Paula, Thales José Polis

“…Enterobacterales isolates were screened for β-lactamase genes (bla) by sequencing. The most frequent isolates identified among Enterobacterales were E. coli (n = 471; 20.9%) and K. pneumoniae (n = 453; 20.1%). …”
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