In vitro assessment of the accuracy of two intra-oral scanners for post space scanning in a fully digital workflow by Mennatallah Wahba, Reham Said ElBasty

“…Results Regarding the effect of the IOS and the effect of the post-space diameter, both Medit i700 and the small diameter groups using both scanners showed significantly higher root mean square (RMS) values when evaluating trueness. …”
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Joint Frequency and Time Transfer Over Optical Fiber With High-Precision Delay Variation Measurement Using a Phase-Locked Loop by Xiaocheng Wang, Wei Wei, Zhangweiyi Liu, Daming Han, Nan Deng, Lingwei Yang, Weilin Xie, Yi Dong

“…We demonstrate a simultaneous frequency and time reference dissemination system over 80 km fiber with a phase-locked loop. …”
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Validation of a Commercially Available IMU-Based System Against an Optoelectronic System for Full-Body Motor Tasks by Giacomo Villa, Serena Cerfoglio, Alessandro Bonfiglio, Paolo Capodaglio, Manuela Galli, Veronica Cimolin

“…The IMU-based system demonstrated high concurrent validity, with non-significant differences in most tasks, root mean square error values generally below 7°, percentage of similarity greater than 97%, and strong correlations (<i>r</i> ≥ 0.77) with the reference system. …”
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Multiscale Performance of Global Blended Satellite Precipitation Products Over Taiwan by Liping Wang, Haonan Chen, Zhe Li

“…The precipitation estimates produced from the operational Quantitative Precipitation Estimation and Segregation Using Multiple Sensors (QPESUMS) system are employed as ground-based reference data, and various statistical metrics are calculated against this reference grid by grid to evaluate the performance of CMORPH and IMERG at yearly, seasonal and daily scales. …”
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Quantitative Approach for Determining Reproductive Life‐History Strategies of Parasitic Plants: A Case Study in Balanophora by Trevor Padgett, Huei‐Jiun Su, Shu‐Hui Wu, Li‐yen Huang, Yiching Lin

“…No primary study investigated the question, and no determination was accompanied by reference. Between 2021 and 2024, we tested a hypothesis of perenniality (109 individuals, 135 patches) and cryptic perenniality (73 host samples), monitored population dynamics (whole population), and potential for endophytic/dormant haustorial tissue (101 roots) across five isolated populations of Balanophora fungosa ssp. fungosa in Taiwan. …”
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Impact of vegetation restoration on preferential flow and soil infiltration capacity in the hilly region of the Loess Plateau by Shuyu Zhang, Yuanhao Liu, Mingyue Yang, Peng Tian, Xingmin Mu, Guangju Zhao

“…Root characteristics were critical for the degree of preferential flow, with rock fragment and cracks also being not negligible factors. …”
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Quantitative Analysis of Panax ginseng by FT-NIR Spectroscopy by Xin-fang Xu, Li-xing Nie, Li-li Pan, Bian Hao, Shao-xiong Yuan, Rui-chao Lin, Hai-bo Bu, Dan Wang, Ling Dong, Xiang-ri Li

“…When evaluating the final model, factors such as correlation coefficient (R2) and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) were considered. …”
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Canopy Transpiration Mapping in an Apple Orchard Using High-Resolution Airborne Spectral and Thermal Imagery with Weather Data by Abhilash K. Chandel, Lav R. Khot, Claudio O. Stöckle, Lee Kalcsits, Steve Mantle, Anura P. Rathnayake, Troy R. Peters

“…UASM-1-derived T estimates had very strong correlations (Pearson correlation [r]: 0.85) with the ground-reference measurements. Ground reference measurements also had strong agreement with the reference ET calculated using the Penman–Monteith method and in situ weather data (r: 0.89). …”
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Coal Price Forecasting and Structural Analysis in China by Xiaopeng Guo, Jiaxing Shi, Dongfang Ren

“…Comparing predicted and actual values, the root mean square error (RMSE) was small which indicated good precision of this model. …”
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Study on Thermal Performance of Large Natural Draft Cooling Tower by Wu Jian, Xie Yue, Hu Sanji

“…The results showed that the correction coefficient of industrial towers with equal heights of packing and those with unequal packings was 1.047–1.081. The root mean square error of the air temperature in the industrial towers with unequal heights of packings was 0.56–0.67 ℃, which was less than the corresponding cooling tower with equal heights of packing. …”
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Finite Thin Cover on an Orthotropic Elastic Half Plane by Federico Oyedeji Falope, Enrico Radi

“…Results are found for two loading cases, with particular reference to concentrated axial forces acting at the edges of the film. …”
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A Segmental Approach with SWT Technique for Denoising the EOG Signal by Naga Rajesh

“…The results obtained after denoising them are extremely encouraging. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values between reference EOG signal and EOG signals with noise powers of 5 dB, 10 dB, and 15 dB are very less when compared with 20 dB and 25 dB noise powers. …”
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Influence of Monstera riedrichsthalii bionic textures on the tribological and vibration behavior of rolling bearings by Risheng Long, Qingyu Shang, Shaoni Sun, Siwei Wang, Chi Ma, Jianwei Zhang, Max Marian

“…The results show that the average coefficients of friction and wear losses of the Monstera riedrichsthalii bionic-textured groups are generally lower than those of the smooth reference. The amplitudes and parameters (i.e., peak value, root mean square (RMS), and crest factor) of the time-domain vibration signals of the textured groups are greater than those of the smooth group in the early stages, but the vibration parameters of most textured groups are lower than those of the smooth bearings in the later stages, especially those of the groups with elliptical holes. …”
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Application Framework and Optimal Features for UAV-Based Earthquake-Induced Structural Displacement Monitoring by Ruipu Ji, Shokrullah Sorosh, Eric Lo, Tanner J. Norton, John W. Driscoll, Falko Kuester, Andre R. Barbosa, Barbara G. Simpson, Tara C. Hutchinson

“…Reasonable accuracy is achieved in that the overall root-mean-square errors of the tracking results are at the millimeter level compared to ground truth measurements from analog sensors. …”
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Dispersion mapping of Carbon Monoxide (CO) derived Sentinel 5P and evaluation with LUR model during winter in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia by Odbaatar Enkhjargal, Davaagatan Tuyagerel, Renchinmyadag Tovuudorj, Zolzaya Khurelsukh, Enkhmaa Sarangerel

“…And LUR model performance was relatively higher compared to Sentinel data or its determination coefficient R2=0.71, Adjusted R2=0.53, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE)=0.84 mg/m3 and Mean Absolute Error (MAE)=0.7 mg/m3. …”
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High-performance machine-learning-based calibration of low-cost nitrogen dioxide sensor using environmental parameter differentials and global data scaling by Slawomir Koziel, Anna Pietrenko-Dabrowska, Marek Wojcikowski, Bogdan Pankiewicz

“…The results validate the remarkable correction quality, exhibiting a correlation coefficient exceeding 0.9 concerning reference data, with a root mean squared error below 3.2 µg/m3. …”
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Quasi‐Static Closed‐Loop Wind‐Farm Control for Combined Power and Fatigue Optimization by Ishaan Sood, Christophe del Fosse et d'Espierres, Johan Meyers

“…Inclusion of fatigue in the cost function through the developed LUT also leads to interesting insights, with reduced blade root fatigue loading without significant decrease in power production when compared to open‐loop control. …”
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Evaluating AI Methods for Pulse Oximetry: Performance, Clinical Accuracy, and Comprehensive Bias Analysis by Ana María Cabanas, Nicolás Sáez, Patricio O. Collao-Caiconte, Pilar Martín-Escudero, Josué Pagán, Elena Jiménez-Herranz, José L. Ayala

“…Gaussian Process models, in particular, exhibited superior performance, achieving Mean Absolute Error (MAE) values as low as 0.57% and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) as low as 0.69%. The bias analysis highlighted the need for better patient selection, reliable reference standards, and comprehensive SpO₂ intervals to improve model generalizability. …”
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NDVI Prediction with RGB UAV Imagery Utilizing Advanced Machine Learning Regression Models by I. Aydin, U. G. Sefercik

“…The performance of the NDVI maps was analyzed using R², Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Normalized Median Absolute Deviation (NMAD) and Standard Deviation (STD) metrics. …”
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Retrieval of top-of-atmosphere fluxes from combined EarthCARE lidar, imager, and broadband radiometer observations: the BMA-FLX product by A. Velázquez Blázquez, C. Domenech, E. Baudrez, N. Clerbaux, C. Salas Molar, N. Madenach

“…A combined flux, derived from co-registered radiances at the reference level, is provided as the best estimate for a given scene. …”
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