META-GSA: Combining Findings from Gene-Set Analyses across Several Genome-Wide Association Studies. by Albert Rosenberger, Stefanie Friedrichs, Christopher I Amos, Paul Brennan, Gordon Fehringer, Joachim Heinrich, Rayjean J Hung, Thomas Muley, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Angela Risch, Heike Bickeböller

“…The single marker association estimates of a predefined set of genes are either contrasted with those of all remaining genes or with a null non-associated background. To pool the p-values from several GSAs, it is important to take into account the concordance of the observed patterns resulting from single marker association point estimates across any given gene set. …”
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Accurate Indoor Home Location Classification through Sound Analysis: The 1D-ILQP Approach by Umut Erman, Türker Tuncer, Nura Abdullahi, Sengul Dogan, Erhan Akbal

“…At the core of our approach is the introduction of a local feature generator, referred to as the one-dimensional Improved Local Quadruple Pattern (1D-ILQP). This novel 1D-ILQP plays a central role in the feature extraction process, generating textural features from the acoustic signals. …”
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Temporal dynamics of chicken host’s molecular response against Fowl adenovirus serotype 8b infection via RNA-sequencing by Bahiyah Azli, Nur Farhana Salim, Mohd Hair-Bejo, Abdul Rahman Omar, Norfitriah Mohamed Sohaimi, Ugwu Chidozie Clifford, Nor Asilah Wati Abdul Hamid, Nurulfiza Mat Isa

“…A total of 21,662 genes were identified in both control and infected groups, enriched in various biological processes and pathways, displaying patterns of disease progressions. The transcriptome analysis results revealed a three-fold reduced pattern of gene regulation with 9146, 7335, and 3800 significant differential expressed genes (DEGs) at 2-, 5-, and 7-dpi (dpi), respectively. …”
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Duration of protection against malaria and anaemia provided by intermittent preventive treatment in infants in Navrongo, Ghana. by Matthew Cairns, Ilona Carneiro, Paul Milligan, Seth Owusu-Agyei, Timothy Awine, Roly Gosling, Brian Greenwood, Daniel Chandramohan

“…Analysis of first-or-only clinical malaria episode following the individual IPTi doses showed that some protection against malaria lasted between 4 to 6 weeks. A similar pattern was seen when the incidence of all malaria episodes up to 2 years of age was analysed in relation to the most recent IPT, by pooling the incidence of malaria after the individual IPTi doses. …”
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Towards precision agriculture tea leaf disease detection using CNNs and image processing by Irfan Sadiq Rahat, Hritwik Ghosh, Suresh Dara, Shashi Kant

“…This stage features a dropout layer for regularization, a dense layer with 512 units for further pattern learning, and a final dense layer with 8 units and a soft max activation function, producing a probability distribution across different disease classes. …”
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AFQSeg: An Adaptive Feature Quantization Network for Instance-Level Surface Crack Segmentation by Shaoliang Fang, Lu Lu, Zhu Lin, Zhanyu Yang, Shaosheng Wang

“…Specifically, the maximum soft pooling module improves the continuity and integrity of detected cracks. …”
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A Hybrid Attention Framework Integrating Channel–Spatial Refinement and Frequency Spectral Analysis for Remote Sensing Smoke Recognition by Guangtao Cheng, Lisha Yang, Zhihao Yu, Xiaobo Li, Guanghui Fu

“…The channel–spatial branch implements an innovative triple-pooling strategy (incorporating average, maximum, and standard deviation pooling) across both channel and spatial dimensions to generate complementary descriptors that enhance distinct statistical properties of smoke representations. …”
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Delineating potential DRT operating areas: An origin–destination clustering approach by Hussein Mahfouz, Malcolm Morgan, Eva Heinen, Robin Lovelace

“…However, many DRT schemes fail—often due to overly flexible, poorly targeted service areas that do not align with actual travel patterns, making efficient pooling difficult. While planners may already have a general sense of where DRT might be useful, there is limited guidance on how to identify precise operating zones based on spatiotemporal demand. …”
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DSGAU: Dual-Scale Graph Attention U-Nets for Hyperspectral Image Classification With Limited Samples by Hongzhuang Ji, Leying Song, Zhaohui Xue, Hongjun Su

“…To this challenge, graph pooling effectively mitigates the high computational costs of GCNs through hierarchical downsampling, adaptive node selection, and feature preservation mechanisms. …”
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Navigating Nepal's health financing system: A road to universal health coverage amid epidemiological and demographic transitions. by Resham B Khatri, Pratik Khanal, Dipendra Singh Thakuri, Prabesh Ghimire, Mihajlo Jakovljevic

“…Key reforms  include: (1) merging or harmonizing existing social health protection schemes for efficient pooling and purchasing; (2) enhancing domestic health financing through increased health funding (≥5% of GDP) via payroll contributions, progressive taxation, and earmarked sin taxes; (3) reforming NHIP to mandatory enrollment starting from formal sector, subsidizing premium for informal sector and free coverage for disadvantaged groups, alongside strengthening policy implementation including accrediting of health facilities, ensuring service quality, prioritising and expanding coverage packages with strategic purchasing from all public and private health facilities; and (4) equitable public financing to ensure needs-based allocation across government levels that respond to demographic and epidemiological patterns. …”
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DCFE-YOLO: A novel fabric defect detection method. by Lei Zhou, Bingya Ma, Yanyan Dong, Zhewen Yin, Fan Lu

“…However, the task of fabric defect detection remains highly challenging due to the complex textures and diverse defect patterns. To address the issues of inaccurate localization and false positives caused by complex textures and varying defect sizes, this paper proposes an improved YOLOv8-based fabric defect detection method. …”
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Multimodal imaging biomarkers of subretinal hyperreflective material accumulation in central serous chorioretinopathy by Jiaxin Pu, Guiqin He, Xiongze Zhang, Miaoling Li, Xinlei Hao, Xuenan Zhuang, Yongyue Su, Feng Wen

“…Differences were also discovered in serous retinal detachment (SRD) dimensions, presence of pigment epithelial detachment (PED) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) defects in OCT, gravitational tracks and hyperautofluorescence contours in FAF, leakage patterns and dye pooling area in FFA, and focal choroidal vascular hyperpermeability (CVH) area in ICGA (P < 0.05 for all). …”
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An Extensive Study of Convolutional Neural Networks: Applications in Computer Vision for Improved Robotics Perceptions by Ravi Raj, Andrzej Kos

“…CNNs are developed to autonomously and effectively acquire spatial patterns of characteristics using backpropagation, leveraging an array of elements, including convolutional layers, pooling layers, and fully connected layers. …”
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Active travel in the university setting: Assessing the effects of social behavior, socioeconomics, and spatial location by Isabel Cunha, Catarina Cadima

“… University campuses are pooling efforts to promote active mobility to reduce their negative impacts on the urban environment, which is significantly influenced by the overreliance on motorized modes of transport. …”
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Weekend warrior and the risk of specific disease: a meta-epidemiology study by Keqi Fu, Jiale Wang, Hejing Pan, Lin Huang, Xuanlin Li

“…Results Twenty-seven studies encompassing 1,204,486 participants were included. The pooled analysis indicated that the WW exercise pattern significantly reduced the risk of CVD mortality (OR = 0.742, 95% CI: 0.568–0.968), I2 = 71.3%, P = 0.028). …”
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Fault Diagnosis of Wind Turbine Blades Based on One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network-Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory-Adaptive Boosting and Multi-Source Data Fusion by Kangqiao Ma, Yongqian Wang, Yu Yang

“…Fault data are first preprocessed by segmenting and labeling the fault patterns. Features are extracted through the convolutional layers, followed by dimensionality reduction and denoising using the pooling layers, and feature fusion. …”
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Climate Warming in the Eastern Mediterranean: A Comparative Analysis of Beirut and Zahlé (Lebanon, 1992–2024) by Rabih Zeinaldine, Salem Dahech

“…The Eastern Mediterranean region is experiencing accelerated climate warming, yet localized patterns remain poorly understood, particularly in areas with complex topography. …”
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Image-Based Malware Detection Using Deep CNN Models by hawraa omran musa, Muhanad Tahrir Younis

“…Deep learning (DL) presents a promising strategy for malware detection by utilizing advanced algorithms that are capable of discerning intricate patterns from extensive datasets. This study presents a model based on deep learning with Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for malware classification. …”
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A new framework for mental illnesses diagnosis using wearable devices aided by improved convolutional neural network by Hend S. Saad, John F. W. Zaki, Mohamed M. Abdelsalam

“…A new framework based on analyzing the motor activity data measured by smart watches is presented to diagnose mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and depression as well as analyze complex behavioral patterns. The framework encodes the behavioral time series data into image patterns using modified Markov Transition Field. …”
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A multi-dilated convolution network for speech emotion recognition by Samaneh Madanian, Olayinka Adeleye, John Michael Templeton, Talen Chen, Christian Poellabauer, Enshi Zhang, Sandra L. Schneider

“…First, we use the Spatial Pyramid Pooling (SPP) strategy to remove the size constraint associated with the CNN-based image recognition task. …”
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