Bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis of the causal associations between serum vitamin D levels and multiple kidney diseases by ShuiFang Chen, Hui Chen, XueMei Chen, Dong Zheng, YiQing Lin, YingLian Cai, Lei Yang, QianWen Zheng

“…The primary method used for MR analysis was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach. To further ascertain the stability and reliability of our results, we performed sensitivity analyses including Cochran’s Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, and leave-one-out analysis, which helped identify potential pleiotropy and outlier single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) influencing the associations. …”
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Causal relationship between hypothyroidism and peripheral neuropathy: a Mendelian randomization study of European ancestry by Xiping Duan, Tianchi Zhang, Ke Wang

“…We primarily used the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method and conducted a comprehensive sensitivity analysis to ensure robustness.ResultsThe IVW results indicated that HT was significantly associated with an increased risk of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (OR = 1.22, p = 6.49E-05). …”
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Association of different milk fat content with coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction risk: A Mendelian randomization study. by Jiacan Wu, Guanghong Tao, Hua Xiao

“…<h4>Methods</h4>For the exposure data, 29, 15, and 30 single-nucleotide polymorphisms for whole milk, semi-skimmed milk, and skimmed milk, respectively, obtained from 360,806 Europeans, were used as instrumental variables. …”
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The causal association between temporomandibular joint disorders and eating disorders: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study by Esam Halboub, Mohammed Nasser Alhajj

“…The analyses included Inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger, simple mode, and weighted mode methods. …”
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Determining the Effect of Natural Selection on Linked Neutral Divergence across Species. by Tanya N Phung, Christian D Huber, Kirk E Lohmueller

“…Coalescent models indicate that even when the contribution of ancestral polymorphism to divergence is small, background selection in the ancestral population can still explain a large proportion of the variance in divergence across the genome, generating the observed correlations. …”
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Association of a body mass index genetic risk score with growth throughout childhood and adolescence. by Nicole M Warrington, Laura D Howe, Yan Yan Wu, Nicholas J Timpson, Kate Tilling, Craig E Pennell, John Newnham, George Davey-Smith, Lyle J Palmer, Lawrence J Beilin, Stephen J Lye, Debbie A Lawlor, Laurent Briollais

“…We examined the association between validated adult BMI associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and growth trajectories across childhood. …”
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Exploring the role of alcohol in the causal chain between pancreatitis and arterial diseases: A Mendelian randomization study by Changhuai He, Jie Chu, Yiqing Li, Ping Lü, Chuanqi Cai

“…Causality was primarily evaluated using the inverse variance weighted method. In addition, multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis was performed to account for potential interference from alcohol-related phenotypes. …”
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Causal relationship between branched-chain amino acids and leukemia risk: insights from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study by Shupeng Chen, Guilian He, Meiling Zhang, Nana Tang, Yingjian Zeng

“…The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method served as the primary analytical approach, with heterogeneity assessed via Cochran’s Q test and pleiotropy through MR-Egger intercept. …”
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The causal impact of smoking behavior on osteoarthritis: a Mendelian randomization analysis by Qiang Xiao, Susu Dong, Yafen Tan, Xuan Zhang, Lu Yao, Qiuping Li, Tianli Wang

“…The main analytic approach we used was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. MR Egger, Weighted median, Weighted mode, and Simple mode were among the other methods that were tested. …”
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Copper and iron as unique trace elements linked to fibromyalgia risk by Wenxing Zeng, Minhua Hu, Luyao Ma, Feng Huang, Ziwei Jiang

“…Analyses were performed using various methods including inverse-variance weighting (IVW), MR Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode. …”
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Genetic diversity analysis and population structure of selected Ethiopian durum wheat (T. turgidum subsp. durum) landraces using DArTSeq markers by Bantewalu Hailekidan Dukamo, Hewan Demissie Degu, Andargachew Gedebo Abitie, Bizuayehu Tesfaye Asfaw

“…Genome-wide mean values of Nei's gene diversity (0.199) and polymorphism information content (0.184) indicate significant genetic diversity within this collection. …”
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Mendelian randomization and bioinformatics analysis of TRIM31 with chronic liver disease by YOU Junyi, LIANG Guoqiang, SONG Xiudao

“…Objective Using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the causal relationship between the expression level of tripartite motif 31 (TRIM31) in chronic liver disease, and using bioinformatics methods to analyze the role of TRIM31 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods The genetic data for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC from the FinnGen R10, as well as the instrumental variables of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with TRIM31 expression in the cis eQTL data of GTEx Portal liver tissue were used for MR analysis, with the inverse-variance weighting as the main analysis method. …”
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Protective role of gout against colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization study by Xia Pan, Yong’an Liu, Xiaoming Zhang, Yan Meng

“…The primary genetic instruments included single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with serum uric acid levels. …”
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The effect of blood glucose and lipid risk factors on idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study by Bang-yu Deng, Yun-xia Zhao, Ji-sheng Liu

“…MR methods, including Inverse Variance-Weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median, were employed. …”
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Causal relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and sex: a Mendelian randomization study by Kaiwen Wang, Yu Lou, Shunjie Tian, Zhihui Tao, Zhihui Tao

“…ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the bidirectional causal relationship between sex hormones and IBD through a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study.MethodsBased on Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) pooled data on SHBG, total testosterone, bioavailable testosterone, estradiol, and IBD in a European population, we performed two-sample bidirectional MR analyses using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables. We used inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median, weighted mode, and MR-Egger to assess bidirectional causality between sex hormones and IBD.ResultsThere was no causal relationship between sex hormones and IBD in women (P &gt; 0.05), and there was a causal and positive correlation between SHBG and testosterone and IBD in men.The OR for SHBG was 1.22 (95% CI: 1.09-1.37, P = 0.0004), and for testosterone was 1.20 (95% CI: 1.04-1.39, P = 0.0145).IBD did not significantly interact with female sex hormones but resulted in a decrease in SHBG (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.04, P = 0.0195) and testosterone (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00 -1.02, P = 0.0200) in men.ConclusionThere is no causal relationship between female sex hormones and IBD, but male SHBG and testosterone are positively correlated with the risk of IBD and IBD promotes elevated levels of SHBG and testosterone in males, suggesting that sex hormones play different roles in IBD patients of different sexes.…”
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Association between hypothyroidism and obstructive sleep apnea: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study combined with the geo database by Mingyu Zhao, Xu Huang, Hu Zheng, Yuhang Cai, Wenjia Han, Yuanyin Wang, Ran Chen

“…Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was the principal method of analysis utilized, with validation also conducted via weighted median, MR-Egger, simple model, and weighted model approaches. …”
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Causal Association Between Microbiome and Oral-Oropharyngeal Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Study by Zhengrui Li, Xufeng Huang, Qi Wang, Divya Gopinath

“…Methods: Utilizing single nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables, we applied the MR inverse-variance weighted approach to assess the impact of salivary and tongue microbiome on OOPSCC. …”
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A genome-wide association study identifies rs2000999 as a strong genetic determinant of circulating haptoglobin levels. by Philippe Froguel, Ndeye Coumba Ndiaye, Amélie Bonnefond, Nabila Bouatia-Naji, Aurélie Dechaume, Gérard Siest, Bernard Herbeth, Mario Falchi, Leonardo Bottolo, Rosa-Maria Guéant-Rodriguez, Cécile Lecoeur, Michel R Langlois, Yann Labrune, Aimo Ruokonen, Said El Shamieh, Maria G Stathopoulou, Anita Morandi, Claudio Maffeis, David Meyre, Joris R Delanghe, Peter Jacobson, Lars Sjöström, Lena M S Carlsson, Andrew Walley, Paul Elliott, Marjo-Riita Jarvelin, George V Dedoussis, Sophie Visvikis-Siest

“…However, a comprehensive genetic assessment of the inter-individual variability of circulating haptoglobin levels has not been conducted so far.We used a genome-wide association study initially conducted in 631 French children followed by a replication in three additional European sample sets and we identified a common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs2000999 located in the Haptoglobin gene (HP) as a strong genetic predictor of circulating Haptoglobin levels (P(overall) = 8.1 × 10(-59)), explaining 45.4% of its genetic variability (11.8% of Hp global variance). …”
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Maternal smoking around birth as a risk factor for offspring chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Evidence from Mendelian randomization by Qiliang Jian, Huyan Huo, Fangxiang Mu, Fang Wang

“…We performed analyses using inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger regression methods. …”
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Exploring the causal relationship between obesity, immune cell characteristics and cervical cancer risk using Mendelian randomization by HongYin Cui, Jingjing Zhang, Xiaolin Lang, Changchang Huang, SongQing Yang

“…Multiple MR analytical methods (MR Egger, inverse variance weighted, weighted median, and weighted mode) were used for validation, with forest plots, scatter plots, and funnel plots used to assess result robustness. …”
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