LCDDN-YOLO: Lightweight Cotton Disease Detection in Natural Environment, Based on Improved YOLOv8 by Haoran Feng, Xiqu Chen, Zhaoyan Duan

“…Additionally, the CBAM attention mechanism is incorporated into the neck network to improve model performance. A Focal-EIoU loss function is also integrated to optimize the model’s training process. …”
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Two-Dimensional Differential Positioning with Global Navigation Satellite System Signal Frequency Division Relay Forwarding to Parallel Leaky Coaxial Cables in Tunnel by Keyuan Jiao, Maozhong Song, Xiaolong Tang, Shimao Dong, Shenkai Xiong

“…To address the issue of GNSS receivers being unable to function properly in tunnels due to the loss of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals, this paper proposes a two-dimensional differential positioning system for tunnel environments based on dual leaky coaxial (LCX) cables with GNSS signal frequency relay forwarding. …”
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IMRMB-Net: A lightweight student behavior recognition model for complex classroom scenarios. by Caihong Feng, Zheng Luo, Deyao Kong, Yunhong Ding, Jingyu Liu

“…Meanwhile, a new loss function, Focaler-ShapeIoU, is designed in this study, aiming to improve the learning ability and robustness of the model to different samples thus further solving the occlusion problem. …”
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RDM-YOLO: A Lightweight Multi-Scale Model for Real-Time Behavior Recognition of Fourth Instar Silkworms in Sericulture by Jinye Gao, Jun Sun, Xiaohong Wu, Chunxia Dai

“…Additionally, the minimum point distance intersection over union (MPDIoU) loss function is proposed to enhance bounding box regression efficiency, mitigating challenges posed by overlapping targets and positional deviations. …”
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Presenting a Stochastic Model of Simultaneous Planning Problem of Distribution and Subtransmission Network Development considering the Reliability and Security Indicators by Seyed Hossein Moayed, Hosein Hasan Shahi, Mohammadreza Akbarizadeh, Morteza Jadidoleslam, Arash Aghatehrani, Afshin Pirouzi

“…Thus, the mentioned problem is in the form of a stochastic problem in which the point estimation method is used to evaluate the scenarios. …”
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Quinoxaline-based anti-schistosomal compounds have potent anti-plasmodial activity. by Mukul Rawat, Gilda Padalino, Edem Adika, John Okombo, Tomas Yeo, Andrea Brancale, David A Fidock, Karl F Hoffmann, Marcus C S Lee

“…Finally, we examined whether the predicted hydrolase activity of PfQRP1 underlies its mechanism of resistance, showing that both mutation of the putative catalytic triad and a more severe loss of function mutation elicited resistance. Collectively, we describe a compound series with potent activity against two important pathogens and their potential target in P. falciparum.…”
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Enhancing Image Quality by Optimizing and Fine-Tuning Multi-Fidelity Generative Adversarial Networks by Noor Baha Aldin

“…The quality of the image is enhanced by the dynamic integration of low-fidelity and high-fidelity models using a composite loss function and dual-generator design. This method achieves high superior perceptual quality and structural integrity while preserving computational efficiency by gradually improving image details. …”
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Defective autophagy is a key feature of cerebral cavernous malformations by Saverio Marchi, Mariangela Corricelli, Eliana Trapani, Luca Bravi, Alessandra Pittaro, Simona Delle Monache, Letizia Ferroni, Simone Patergnani, Sonia Missiroli, Luca Goitre, Lorenza Trabalzini, Alessandro Rimessi, Carlotta Giorgi, Barbara Zavan, Paola Cassoni, Elisabetta Dejana, Saverio Francesco Retta, Paolo Pinton

“…Cerebral cavernous malformation is a genetic disease that may arise sporadically or be inherited as an autosomal dominant condition with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. Causative loss‐of‐function mutations have been identified in three genes, KRIT1 (CCM1), CCM2 (MGC4607), and PDCD10 (CCM3), which occur in both sporadic and familial forms. …”
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Clinical efficacy comparison of Mazor X robot-assisted and traditional freehand techniques in the treatment of atlantoaxial fracture and dislocation by Ke Wang, Houkun Li, Liang Yan, Haiping Zhang, Xuefang Zhang, Dingjun Hao

“…Abstract Background The optimal treatment strategy for atlantoaxial fracture-dislocation remains a focal point of clinical research and a subject of ongoing debate, with a paucity of definitive comparative clinical studies. …”
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Surgical treatment of a patient with a comminuted fracture of the scapula (clinical observations) by A. A. Prokhorov, S. V. Novikov, N. N. Karchebnyy, A. N. Mironov, M. A. Panin, A. S. Petrosyan, V. E. Dubrov

“…In all 3 cases, X-ray consolidation of fractures was noted, the return of the full function of the upper limb. The median on the DASH questionnaire was 11.7 points. …”
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Novel paradigm enables accurate monthly gestational screening to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis and more. by Ying Zhou, Karen Leahy, Andrew Grose, Joseph Lykins, Maryam Siddiqui, Nicole Leong, Perpetua Goodall, Shawn Withers, Kevin Ashi, Stephen Schrantz, Vera Tesic, Ana Precy Abeleda, Kathleen Beavis, Fatima Clouser, Mahmoud Ismail, Monica Christmas, Raphael Piarroux, Denis Limonne, Emmanuelle Chapey, Sylvie Abraham, Isabelle Baird, Juliette Thibodeau, Kenneth M Boyer, Elizabeth Torres, Shannon Conrey, Kanix Wang, Mary Allen Staat, Nancy Back, Coralie L'Ollivier, Caroline Mahinc, Pierre Flori, Jorge Gomez-Marin, Francois Peyron, Sandrine Houzé, Martine Wallon, Rima McLeod

“…<h4>Background</h4>Congenital toxoplasmosis is a treatable, preventable disease, but untreated causes death, prematurity, loss of sight, cognition and motor function, and substantial costs worldwide.…”
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Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Structural Mechanics and Construction: Modeling the Deflection of a Single-Span Beam Physics-Informed Neural Networks by F. N. Zakharov, Qian Jie, Xu Yi

“…The study identified that adjusting the weight of the physics-informed loss function is a key parameter for achieving an optimal balance between the loss functions of physical laws and experimental data. …”
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Risk factors and prognostic significance of microvascular inflammation in the kidney allograft by V. A. Dobronravov, M. S. Khrabrova, A. W. Nabokow, A. V. Smirnov, V. Kliem

“…In the adjusted multivariable Cox regression model, MVI was associated with the relative risk of KA loss (Exp(…”
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Analysis of the Effectiveness of an Antimicrobial Edible Coating Prepared from Sweet Whey Base to Improve the Physicochemical, Microbiological, and Sensory Attributes of Swiss Chee... by Jayani Siriwardana, Isuru Wijesekara

“…Use of sweet whey provided an antibacterial function due to the presence of lactic acid. Delvocid was used as the antifungal agent as it contains 50% of natamycin. …”
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MRA-YOLOv8: A Network Enhancing Feature Extraction Ability for Photovoltaic Cell Defects by Nannan Wang, Siqi Huang, Xiangpeng Liu, Zhining Wang, Yi Liu, Zhe Gao

“…Finally, we implement alpha-minimum point distance-based IoU (AMPDIoU) to the head. This loss function enhances the accuracy and robustness of small object detection by integrating minimum point distance-based IoU (MPDIoU) and Alpha-IoU methods. …”
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An ANGPTL4 inhibitory antibody safely improves lipid profiles in non-human primatesResearch in context by Beryl B. Cummings, Page R. Bouchard, Mark N. Milton, Peter F. Moesta, Vyas Ramanan, John W. Trauger, Eleftheria Maratos-Flier, Andrei Voznesensky, Igor Splawski, Amitabh V. Nimonkar, Keith DiPetrillo, Daniel LaSala, Meihui Pan, Meghan M. Flaherty, Francois Huet, Sukhdeep K. Sahambi, Jijun Dong, Deborah Knee, Regis Cebe, Thomas Huber, Joshua Lehrer-Graiwer, Rebecca A. Juliano, Ethan J. Weiss

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Dynamic displacement reconstruction of bridge based on physics-informed recurrent neural network by Yi Tao, Wen-Han Chen, Zhi-Bin Li, Wen-Yu He

“…Firstly, the recurrent neural network is established, and the physical equation between data of measured points and target points are derived. Then, the derived physical equation is represented as physical information and added in the loss function of the network. …”
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Bistatic Scattering due to Hydrometeors on Cochannel Intersystem Communication Links over a Subtropical Path by P. A. Owolawi, T. Wallingo

“…The effect of the additional rain attenuation (Aw) on the satellite signals is also examined. The results point out to some remarkable attenuation differences between the effective transmission loss and the transmission loss statistics for small time unavailability at the frequencies considered in this work. …”
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Optimal Controls of the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy by Ellina V. Grigorieva, Evgenii N. Khailov, Andrei Korobeinikov

“…Taking into consideration that precise forms of functional responses are usually unknown, we introduce into this model a nonlinear incidence rate of a rather general form given by an unspecified function of the susceptible cells and free virus particles. …”
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Safety helmet detection methods in heavy machinery factory by Liu Baoju, Wei Xiangqian, Chen Qingshan, Liu Jiaqi, Chen Ye, Yu Peng, Lei shi, Hu Yongfeng

“…Additionally, the WIoU loss function is introduced to accelerate convergence and increase adaptability. …”
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