The complexity of references to the temporarily suspended norms of international tax treaties by I. A. Khavanova

“…A reference norm is a norm, the constructive feature of which is the algorithm for combining normative prescriptions (internal and external in relation to the reference norm). …”
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An artificial neural network approach to comparative aspects: A predictive analysis of magnetic dipole on the heat transfer of maxwell hybrid nano coolants flow in an inclined cyli... by J. Aruna, H. Niranjan

“…The implementation of MATLAB with its built-in bvp4c numerical solver converts the partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations, and a multilayer perception -artificial neural network (ANN) using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm predicts skin friction, Nusselt, and Sherwood numbers. …”
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SiCRNN: A Siamese Approach for Sleep Apnea Identification via Tracheal Microphone Signals by Davide Lillini, Carlo Aironi, Lucia Migliorelli, Leonardo Gabrielli, Stefano Squartini

“…It involves pauses in breathing during sleep, for at least 10 s, due to partial or total airway blockage. The current gold standard for diagnosing SAS is polysomnography (PSG), an intrusive procedure that depends on subjective assessment by expert clinicians. …”
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Prediction of Total Soluble Solids in Apricot Using Adaptive Boosting Ensemble Model Combined with NIR and High-Frequency UVE-Selected Variables by Feng Gao, Yage Xing, Jialong Li, Lin Guo, Yiye Sun, Wen Shi, Leiming Yuan

“…Subsequent data processes included three steps: (1) 100 continuous runs of UVE identified characteristic wavelengths, which were classified into three levels—high-frequency (≥90 times), medium-frequency (30–90 times), and low-frequency (≤30 times) subsets; (2) the development of the base optimal partial least squares regression (PLSR) models for each wavelength subset; and (3) the execution of adaptive weight optimization through the Adaboost ensemble algorithm. …”
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Vehicle Detection and Shape Refinement Based on LiDAR by YU An, HU Dongfang, WANG Xuepeng, ZHANG Jin, ZHOU Yan, XIE Guotao, QIN Xiaohui, HU Manjiang

“…Although the existing vehicle detection algorithm based on lidar can accurately detect and classify each target vehicle, there is a problem of unstable estimation when the vehicle point cloud contour is partially obscured in an "L" shape. …”
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Equivariant Perturbation in Gomory and Johnson’s Infinite Group Problem. VII. Inverse Semigroup Theory, Closures, Decomposition of Perturbations by Hildebrand, Robert, Köppe, Matthias, Zhou, Yuan

“…The infinite-dimensional subspaces have partial symmetries; to describe them, we develop a theory of inverse semigroups of partial bijections, interacting with the functional equations satisfied by the perturbations. …”
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The Use of Game Theory for Making Rational Decisions in Business Negations: A Conceptual Model by Kęstutis Peleckis

“…Implications & Recommendations: The proposed mathematical algorithm for the strategy formulation of international business negotiations can be used in electronic business negotiations, both as a standalone tool, or as partially requiring support by the negotiator. …”
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Accurate irrigation decision-making of winter wheat at the filling stage based on UAV hyperspectral inversion of leaf water content by Xuguang Sun, Baoyuan Zhang, Menglei Dai, Cuijiao Jing, Kai Ma, Boyi Tang, Kejiang Li, Hongkai Dang, Limin Gu, Wenchao Zhen, Xiaohe Gu

“…The successive projection algorithm (SPA) was applied to select sensitive bands of LWC. …”
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Monitoring the Concentrations of Na, Mg, Ca, Cu, Fe, and K in <i>Sargassum fusiforme</i> at Different Growth Stages by NIR Spectroscopy Coupled with Chemometrics by Sisi Wei, Jing Huang, Ying Niu, Haibin Tong, Laijin Su, Xu Zhang, Mingjiang Wu, Yue Yang

“…The effects of four spectral pretreatment methods and three wavelength selection methods, including the synergy interval partial least squares (SI-PLS) algorithm, genetic algorithm (GA), and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling method (CARS) on the model optimization, were evaluated. …”
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Prediction of the Calorific Value and Moisture Content of <i>Caragana korshinskii</i> Fuel Using Hyperspectral Imaging Technology and Various Stoichiometric Methods by Xuehong De, Haoming Li, Jianchao Zhang, Nanding Li, Huimeng Wan, Yanhua Ma

“…Meanwhile, to improve the prediction accuracy of the model to reduce the redundant wavelength data, we chose four feature extraction methods, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), successive pojections algorithm (SPA), genetic algorithm (GA), iteratively retains informative variables (IRIV), and combined the three models to build a quantitative detection model for the characteristic wavelengths of moisture content and calorific value of <i>Caragana korshinskii</i> fuel. …”
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Research on overcurrent protection curve model and control of solid state power controller by Zhijun Jiang, Junming Zhang, Yufang Lu, Jianjun Zhang

“…Abstract Partially or fully electrified of advanced equipment has become the main development trend. …”
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Comparative assessment of efficacy and toxicity of R-DA-EPOCH and R-mNHL-BFM-90 induction courses in the treatment of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with poor prognost... by M. O. Bagova, A. U. Magomedova, S. K. Kravchenko, Ya. K. Mangasarova, O. V. Margolin, E. S. Nesterova, L. G. Gorenkova, A. E. Misyurina, E. A. Fastova, F. E. Babaeva, K. A. Sychevskaya, S. M. Kulikov, Yu. A. Chabaeva, V. G. Savchenko

“…Despite the frequency of occurrence, there is no single algorithm for treating DLBCL patients with poor prognostic factors. …”
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Molecular Profiling and Precise Diagnosis of Pratylenchus penetrans Infestation in Soil: A qPCR-Based Molecular Approach by Karthi Natesan, Byeong-yong Park, Hyoung-Rai Ko, Eunhwa Kim, Sohee Park, Sekeun Park

“…Reliability of PCR was confirmed using BLAST algorithm, which identified partial sequence of PCR amplicon (300 bp) as P. penetrants. …”
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Current understanding of abdominal bulge with a novel classification: A retrospective study by Heng Sung, Binbin He, Zhicheng Song, Dongchao Yang, Jugang Wu, Jianjun Yang, Yan Gu

“…Retrospectively based on our experience, the incidence and outcomes of abdominal bulges are analyzed and a classification and algorithm of management is provided. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 46 patients diagnosed with abdominal bulge between 2014 and 2023. …”
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Analysis of the Strength Development, CO₂ Emissions, and Optimized Low-Carbon Design of Fly-Ash-Enhanced Composite Concrete by Bo Yang, Yu Dong, Xiao-Yong Wang

“…Fly ash is commonly used as a partial replacement for cement. Although extensive research has been conducted on mixed design schemes for fly ash concrete, these studies commonly overlook carbonation durability, which may lead to an insufficient service life. …”
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Point-to-Interval Prediction Method for Key Soil Property Contents Utilizing Multi-Source Spectral Data by Shuyan Liu, Dongyan Huang, Lili Fu, Shengxian Wu, Yanlei Xu, Yibing Chen, Qinglai Zhao

“…Among these strategies, the outer-product analysis fusion algorithm proved particularly effective in improving prediction accuracy. …”
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Numerical simulation of magnetically driven nanomaterial rotating flow configured by convective-radiative cone with chemical reaction by Cyrus Raza Mirza, Muhammad Salman Kausar, Muhammad Nasir, M. Waqas, Nurnadiah Zamri, Iskandar Shernazarov, S.U. Khan, Nidhal Ben Khedher

“…Relevant variables are introduced to transfigure partial differential mathematical expressions to mathematical ordinary ones. …”
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Characteristics, Incidence, and Management of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Related Cardiovascular Adverse Events in Real-World Practice-A Retrospective Study in Chinese Han Populat... by Wang RH, Chen Y, Lou YL, Lu YL, Xu HM

“…Adherence to the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) guidelines for managing CVAEs was low (44%), with most cases showing partial resolution by the last follow-up.Conclusion: We reported that the incidence of ICI-related CVAEs in the Chinese institution was higher than that in some prior studies. …”
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A simple pedotransfer function to estimate fine fraction organic carbon contents of surface horizons in French soils by Eva Rabot, Pierre Barré, Claire Chenu, Amicie A. Delahaie, Manuel P. Martin, José-Luis Munera-Echeverri, Nicolas P.A. Saby

“…We used the Random Forest algorithm and partial dependence plots in an exploratory data analysis, to analyze the variables influencing OCfine contents and to study the shape of their relationship with OCfine. …”
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Capacity Estimation of Lithium-Ion Battery Systems in Fuel Cell Ships Based on Deep Learning Model by Xiangguo Yang, Jia Tang, Qijia Song, Yifan Liu, Lin Liu, Xingwei Zhou, Yuelin Chen, Telu Tang

“…A TCN-BiGRU model is then developed, with hyperparameters determined by the Kepler optimization algorithm (KOA). Cells from a battery pack under consistent conditions are used for training, while other cells in the same pack serve as the test set. …”
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