Evaluating the effect of caudal epidural block on optic nerve sheath diameter in pediatric patients: randomized controlled study by Ahmet Murat Yayik, Elif Oral Ahiskalioglu, Erkan Cem Celik, Mirac Selcen Ozkal Yalin, Binali Firinci, Irem Ates, Muhammed Enes Aydin, Ali Ahiskalioglu

“…While optic nerve sheath diameter findings were not significantly different between the groups at T0 and T1 points(P > 0.05), the measurements at T15(4.18 ± 0.56 for Group C and 4.62 ± 0.47 for Group CB, P = 0.006) and T30(4.20 ± 0.53 for Group C and 4.76 ± 0.52 for Group CB) were statistically higher in the Caudal Group. …”
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Direct optical second harmonic generation probing of manufactured effect at interfaces between high-κ dielectric and silicon by Yue Fu, Ruichen Niu, Hongda Zhao, Guangtong Jiang, Kunpeng Zhang, Zhe Zhang, Siwei Zhang, Junbin Li, Ran Wang, Zichen Zhang

“…In this study, the second harmonic generation (SHG) signals are observed from the interfaces between high-κ dielectric layers fabricated by different methods and silicon substrate, a promising class of silicon-based microelectronic and optoelectronic applications. …”
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Design of polarization-independent 1 × 2 optical power splitter based on silicon nitride slot waveguide structure by Fangxu Liu, Huanlin Lv, Hongyu Zhang, Shuo Liu, Yanfeng Liang, Haoyu Wang, Yang Cong, Xuanchen Li, Qingxiao Guo

“…The device is simulated using the Frequency Domain Finite Difference (FDE) method and the Eigenmode Expansion (EME) method. …”
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BD-WNet: Boundary Decoupling-Based W-Shape Network for Road Segmentation in Optical Remote Sensing Imagery by Shilong Fan, Jianlin Xie, Yin Zhuang, He Chen, Zhibao Su, Lianlin Li

“…Using very high-resolution optical remote sensing images for road segmentation is a challenging and important interpretation task. …”
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Evaluating sensitivity of optical snow grain size retrievals to radiative transfer models, shape parameters, and inversion techniques by J. W. Dillon, C. P. Donahue, E. N. Schehrer, K. D. Hammonds

“…While numerous studies have demonstrated estimates of <span class="inline-formula"><i>r</i>_opt</span> by means of optical instruments that span scales from in situ to satellites, they leverage different retrieval techniques, radiative transfer models, and modeled snow grain shapes. …”
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X-RAY SEMIOTICS OF ENDOCRINE OPHTHALMOPATHY. PART 2. THE OPTIC NERVE, LACRIMAL GLAND, SUPERIOR OPHTHALMIC VEIN by O. Yu. Yatsenko, I. E. Tyurin

“…Objective: to study the optic nerve, lacrimal gland, and superior ophthalmic vein in patients with different clinical forms of endocrine ophthalmopathy (EOP). …”
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Evaluating the Influence of Clinical Data on Inter-Observer Variability in Optic Disc Analysis for AI-Assisted Glaucoma Screening by Pourjavan S, Bourguignon GH, Marinescu C, Otjacques L, Boschi A

“…Sayeh Pourjavan,1,2 Gen-Hua Bourguignon,1 Cristina Marinescu,2 Loic Otjacques,2 Antonella Boschi1 1Department of Ophthalmology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, UCL, Brussels, Belgium; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Chirec Hospital Groups, Delta Hospital, Brussels, BelgiumCorrespondence: Sayeh Pourjavan, Email Sayeh.pourjavan@saintluc.uclouvain.bePurpose: This study aims to evaluate the inter-observer variability in assessing the optic disc in fundus photographs and its implications for establishing ground truth in AI research.Methods: Seventy subjects were screened during a screening campaign. …”
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Impact of B-Scan Averaging on Spectralis Optical Coherence Tomography Image Quality before and after Cataract Surgery by Dominika Podkowinski, Ehsan Sharian Varnousfaderani, Christian Simader, Hrvoje Bogunovic, Ana-Maria Philip, Bianca S. Gerendas, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth, Sebastian M. Waldstein

“…Study Design/Material and Methods. In a prospective study, the eyes were imaged before and after cataract surgery using seven different image averaging settings. …”
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Surface oxygen vacancies in amorphous Fe2O3 tailored nonlinear optical properties for ultrafast photonics by Qingxi Zhao, Hongwei Chu, Zhongben Pan, Han Pan, Shengzhi Zhao, Dechun Li

“…By characterizing the nonlinear optical properties of the prepared Fe2O3 nanomaterials with different surface oxygen vacancy concentrations, we found that Fe2O3 nanomaterials with larger oxygen vacancy content have a deeper modulation depth and the larger third-order nonlinear coefficient. …”
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Investigating the Impact of Optical Snow Cover Data on L-Band InSAR Snow Water Equivalent Retrievals by Jack Tarricone, Ross Palomaki, Karl Rittger, Anne Nolin, Hans-Peter Marshall, Carrie Vuyovich

“…To address this challenge in SWE monitoring, we evaluated a multisensor approach that leverages the strengths of both optical and radar sensors. Our study aims to understand how differences between optically derived snow cover data products propagate variability and uncertainty into interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) SWE change retrievals. …”
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Study of Rutile TiO2 band structures and optical properties using Density functional theory (DFT) by Rafea A. Munef, Abdulhadi M. Ghaleb, Ahmed Th. Shihatha

“…The optical properties of rutile  was obtained using several methods of exchange correlations, well in accordance with experimental findings and other theoretical evidence. …”
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Designing a terahertz optical sensor based on helically twisted photonic crystal fiber for toxic gas sensing by Vahid Sharif, Hana Saberi, Hassan Pakarzadeh

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Quantifying monochromatic and polychromatic optical blur anisotropy in the periphery of myopes and emmetropes using a radial asymmetry metric by Chloe Degre Kendrick, Dibyendu Pusti, Geunyoung Yoon

“…Myopes were significantly more likely to have vertically oriented blur than emmetropes under monochromatic conditions in the temporal peripheral retina beyond 20°. These differences were minimized when chromatic aberrations were included, though the trend remained the same.ImplicationsA trend of more vertical optical blur in the temporal periphery of myopes strengthens the hypothesis that myopes experience different peripheral optical blur than emmetropes, though the small sample size of the current study limits generalizability of the results. …”
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Photon-Counting Underwater Wireless Optical Communication by Recovering Clock and Data From Discrete Single Photon Pulses by Qiurong Yan, Zihang Li, Zhu Hong, Ting Zhan, Yuhao Wang

“…On this basis, a new communication model is established, taking into account not only fluctuations in photon flux and quantum efficiency of photon detection in a time-slot, but also the phase difference of the recovered clock caused by it. A photon-counting underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) system was built. …”
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Investigating MIMO technology in free space optical communication systems for evaluating performance across various environment parameters by Ramanababu Challapalli, P. Chitra

“…Despite the recent disagreement on constrained capability, it has emerged as the most optimal option for the optical communications domain. Because environmental factors have a huge effect on the capacity and availability of free-space optical (FSO) links, especially when adverse weather lowers the signal strength and visibility range, this study looks at what happens to the FSO link when the atmosphere is turbulent in different ways. …”
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Shock Boundary Layer Interaction and Aero-Optical Effects in a Transonic Flow over Hemisphere-on-Cylinder Turrets by Xiang Ren, Huahua Yu, Xianghong Yao, Hua Su, Peng Hu

“…The detached eddy simulation (DES) based on SST k-ω turbulence model and ray-tracing methods are used to reproduce the transonic flow and optical aberration. …”
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Electrochemical and Optical Carbon Dots and Glassy Carbon Biosensors: A Review on Their Development and Applications in Early Cancer Detection by Juana G. López, Mariana Muñoz, Valentina Arias, Valentina García, Paulo C. Calvo, Alejandro O. Ondo-Méndez, Diana C. Rodríguez-Burbano, Faruk Fonthal

“…It covers the synthesis of CDs and GC, electrode fabrication methods, and electrochemical and optical transduction principles. …”
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Changes of Peripapillary Capillary Density in Patients with Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Disease Evaluated by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography by Zhijian Jiang, Huiying Ji, Nan Zhang, Liang Huang, Min Zhou, Jianhong Dong

“…Methods. Retrospective case series. 44 patients (88 eyes) were enrolled and were divided into two groups according to presence/absence of optic disc swelling before treatment. …”
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Association between smoking history and optical coherence tomography angiography findings in diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy. by Dong-Wei Liu, Zeeshan Haq, Daphne Yang, Jay M Stewart

“…<h4>Participants</h4>1099 eyes from 1099 diabetic patients with no clinical evidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) were included in this study.<h4>Methods</h4>Diabetic patients underwent optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) scanning at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center between April 2018 and September 2019. …”
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Comparison of ocular biometry and refractive outcomes using two swept-source optical coherence tomography-based biometers. by Hansol Park, Young-Sik Yoo, Eunhae Shin, Won Seok Song, Yeokyoung Won, Tae-Young Chung, Dong Hui Lim

“…<h4>Methods</h4>Ambispective analysis was conducted on 105 eyes at the Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea, between June 2021 and March 2022. …”
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