For-profit growth and academic decline: a retrospective nationwide assessment of Brazilian medical schools by Bruno B. Andrade, Bruno B. Andrade, Klauss Villalva-Serra, Klauss Villalva-Serra, Rodrigo C. Menezes, Rodrigo C. Menezes, Luiz F. Quintanilha, Katia de Miranda Avena, Katia de Miranda Avena

“…We compared trends across public, non-profit private, and for-profit private institutions, using descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests, correlation analysis, and Bayesian mixed-effects regression models to assess the impact of institutional category and class size on academic performance.ResultsThe number of for-profit medical schools in Brazil nearly doubled between 2013 and 2023. …”
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Health and economic cost estimates of short-term total and wildfire PM2.5 exposure on work loss: using the consecutive California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) data 2015–2018 by Michael Jerrett, Yu Yu, Ying-Ying Meng, Diane Garcia-Gonzales, Mohammad Z Al-Hamdan, Miriam E Marlier, Joseph L Wilkins, Ninez Ponce

“…Instruction To help determine the health protectiveness of government regulations and policies for air pollutant control for Americans, our study aimed to investigate the health and economic impacts of work loss due to sickness associated with daily all-source and wildfire-specific PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 μm) exposures in California.Methods We linked the 2015–2018 California Health Interview Survey respondents’ geocoded home addresses to daily PM2.5 estimated by satellites and atmospheric modelling simulations and wildfire-related PM2.5 from Community Multiscale Air Quality models. …”
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Did smoking behavior change in adolescents and young adults with and without diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic? A cohort study from the DPV registry by Katharina Warncke, Sabine E. Hofer, Simone von Sengbusch, Uwe Ermer, Mareike Niemeyer, Andreas Lemmer, Dörte Hilgard, Alena Welters, Reinhard W. Holl, Alexander J. Eckert

“…Smoking behavior between T1D and T2D or between Germany and Austria was compared with similar regression models. Results Thirty-four thousand two hundred seventy-five patients from the DPV cohort were included in data analysis. …”
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Association of social contact with dementia and cognition: 28-year follow-up of the Whitehall II cohort study. by Andrew Sommerlad, Séverine Sabia, Archana Singh-Manoux, Glyn Lewis, Gill Livingston

“…We therefore examined the association of social contact with subsequent incident dementia and cognition with 28 years' follow-up.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>We conducted a retrospective analysis of the Whitehall II longitudinal prospective cohort study of employees of London civil service departments, aged 35-55 at baseline assessment in 1985-1988 and followed to 2017. …”
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Course of mental distress among psychotherapists throughout two years of the COVID- 19 pandemic: individual and inter-relational resources make a difference—cross-sectional and lon... by Sabine Mogwitz, Gloria-Beatrice Wintermann, Christian Albus, Andreas M. Baranowski, Petra Beschoner, Yesim Erim, Franziska Geiser, Lucia Jerg-Bretzke, Eva Morawa, Susann Steudte-Schmiedgen, Kerstin Weidner

“…The impact of resources on PHQ-2 scores was examined using cross-sectional linear modelling and longitudinal linear mixed modelling with interactions and lagged predictors. …”
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Polymorphism in Genes Encoding HSP40 Family Proteins is Associated with Ischemic Stroke Risk and Brain Infarct Size: A Pilot Study by Ksenia A. Kobzeva, Denis E. Gurtovoy, Alexey V. Polonikov, Vladimir M. Pokrovsky, Evgeny A. Patrakhanov, Olga Y. Bushueva

“…The comprehensive bioinformatics analysis revealed molecular mechanisms, underscoring their significance in the pathogenesis of IS, primarily reflecting the regulation of heat stress, proteostasis and cellular signalling.…”
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Microarthropods communities as indicators of soil quality in a Mediterranean periurban forest using the QBS-ar index by Cristina Rodríguez-Pajares, E. Jordán Muñoz-Adalia, Mercedes Fernández-Fernández

“…The main variables that caused variations in these indicators by biotope were identified through a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and analysed using generalized linear models (GLMs). …”
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Sex-specific hemoglobin thresholds and longitudinal trajectories in intracerebral hemorrhage outcomes: a multicenter cohort study by Yu-jia Jin, Guo-shen Yu, Li-li Tang, Jia-wen Li, Qing Lin, Jian Wu, Zai-jun Song, Hong-na An, Xiang-hua Ye, Cheng-jia Liu, Feng Gao, Lu-sha Tong

“…Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed to evaluate associations between admission hemoglobin levels and risks of all-cause mortality and ICH recurrence during follow-up. …”
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Assessing the impact of novel social media policies in the USA restricting youth exposure to food and beverage advertisements: a protocol for a difference-in-difference study by Marie A Bragg, Brian Elbel, Omni Cassidy, Courtney Abrams, Stephanie L Albert, Roxanne Dupuis, Zora Hall, Sol Rego, Lloyd Heng, Emil Hafeez

“…This protocol paper describes a current study that aims to understand the impact of such policies in two states, Louisiana and Texas, as they were among the first to be implemented with racially/ethnically diverse populations.Methods and analysis This study employs a repeated cross-sectional difference-in-difference design in which 700 youth ages 13–17 years are being recruited each year for 5 years (Louisiana n=175, Texas n=175, matched comparisons from other states n=350). …”
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Beyond the liver: well-being as the bridge between fatigue and quality of life in chronic hepatitis B patients by Caixia Zheng, Chunxiu Zhong, Qingyun Tang, Hongyan Xie, Xinrui Gao, Bing Li, Junhua Yin, Li Wei

“…Structural equation modeling showed that fatigue significantly reduced well-being, which in turn decreased HRQoL. …”
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CLOCK gene 3’UTR and exon 9 polymorphisms show a strong association with essential hypertension in a North Indian population by Shreya Sopori, Kavinay Kavinay, Sonali Bhan, Shreya Saxena, Medha Medha, Rakesh Kumar, Arti Dhar, Audesh Bhat

“…The 3’UTR variant showed a statistically significant association under the codominant (p < 0.0001), dominant (p < 0.0001), and recessive (p = 0.0004) models. In contrast, the exon 9 variant showed a statistically significant negative association under the codominant (p = 0.003) and dominant (p = 0.015) models only. …”
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The role of artificial intelligence in promoting health and developing preventive strategies for diabetes by Ameneh Marzban

“…Dear Editor Diabetes remains a significant public health challenge, and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) presents remarkable opportunities to enhance early diagnosis, personalized treatment, and effective prevention strategies.1 AI algorithms, including supervised learning and convolutional neural networks, can efficiently analyze large datasets to identify patterns and risk factors associated with diabetes, surpassing the capabilities of traditional methods.2 This advanced analysis enables healthcare providers to predict the likelihood of diabetes in individuals and populations, facilitating timely interventions and customized prevention strategies. …”
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Walking Speed and Risk of Cancer in Two Prospective Cohort Studies by Jonathan K. L. Mak, Kathryn Choon Beng Tan, Juulia Jylhävä, Sara Hägg, Ching‐Lung Cheung

“…We aimed to investigate the association between walking speed and the risk of any cancer and five common cancers, including lung, breast, colorectum, prostate, and stomach, and to explore potential mediation by biomarkers of inflammation, and lipid and glucose metabolism. Methods The primary analysis was conducted in 431 598 participants from the UK Biobank (mean age 56.3 [SD 8.1] years at baseline), and the generalizability of findings was further tested in 1311 participants from the Hong Kong Osteoporosis Study (HKOS; mean age 57.8 [SD 11.9] years). …”
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Association of microtubule-based processes gene expression with immune microenvironment and its predictive value for drug response in oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer by Zhenfeng Huang, Minghui Zhang, Nana Zhang, Mengyao Zeng, Yao Qian, Meng Zhu, Xiangyan Meng, Ming Shan, Guoqiang Zhang, Feng Liu

“…Single-cell analysis revealed differences in the expression levels of key genes among various cell types. …”
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Long-term metabolic changes with bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide or dolutegravir-containing regimens for HIV by Eric S. Daar, Chloe Orkin, Paul E. Sax, Debbie Hagins, Anton Pozniak, Kimberly Workowski, Cynthia Brinson, Juan Manuel Tiraboschi, Hui Liu, Chris Deaton, Cal Cohen, Sharline Madera, Jason T. Hindman, Moti Ramgopal

“…Abstract Background To evaluate long-term changes in weight and metabolic parameters in people with HIV-1 (PWH) initiating first-line antiretroviral therapy. Methods Analysis of two Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled trials (1489: NCT02607930; 1490: NCT02607956). …”
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The global burden of smoking-related prostate cancer from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2031 by Qian Cai<sup>‡<sup>, Bohao Liu<sup>‡<sup>, Chen Zou<sup>‡<sup>, Huabin Su, Xiao Zhao, Fang Jia, Xiaoyang Li, Weian Zhu, Yun Luo

“…This study evaluates the worldwide burden of smoking-related PCa from 1990 to 2021 and projects trends to 2031. Methods Using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data, we analyzed agestandardized rates (ASRs) and estimated annual percentage changes for mortality, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across different age groups, sociodemographic index (SDI) levels, regions, and countries, employing hierarchical clustering and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) modeling. …”
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Association between exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and kidney function: a population study by Xue Zhang, Yongping Cao, Xiaona Yang, Fei Ma, Hengyang Zhang, Wenwen Xiao

“…The WQS (weighted quantile sum) and Q-gcomp (quantile g computation) models were used for the mixture analysis. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore potential interactions.ResultsPerfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), 2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid (N-MEFOSAA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) were negatively related to eGFR (β = −2.04, 95% CI = −2.85, −1.23; β = −0.97, 95% CI = −1.78, −0.16; β = −1.50, 95% CI = −2.24, −0.76; β = −0.49, 95% CI = −1.25, 0.27; β = −0.68, 95% CI = −1.46, 0.10). …”
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Evaluation of a Computed Tomography-based Technique for Predicting Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence Following Ablation Using an Adjusted Skeletal Muscle Index by Pingchuan Ma, Zhicheng Gao, Jiaqi Bao, Yilan Hu, Pengfei Sun, Qiqi Yan, Lifang Ye, Lihong Wang

“…The correlation between T4-SMI (height) and AF recurrence was fully validated by constructing multiple models, and adjusting for different covariates barely altered the results. …”
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Disse index and free fatty acids as markers of insulin resistance and their association with hospital outcomes of coronary bypass surgery in patients with different glycemic status by N. A. Bezdenezhnykh, A. N. Sumin, A. V. Bezdenezhnykh, A. A. Kuzmina, A. V. Tsepokina, А. S. Pervushkina, S. T. Petrosyan, O. L. Barbarash

“…Plasma FFA and fasting plasma insulin levels were determined, the Disse index, the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), revised QUICKI were estimated in 383 patients.RESULTS: Screening prior to CABG increased the number of patients with T2DM from 15.2% to 24.1%, prediabetes – from 3.0% to 13.4%, with any CMD – from 18.2% to 37.5%.Patients with CMD showed a higher percentage of significant hospital complications (25.2% vs 17.0%, p=0.007), progression of renal failure (6.3% vs 2.9%, p=0.021), multiple organ failure (4.5% vs 1.7%, p=0.039), sternal wound complications (6.3% vs 2.9%, p=0.018), renal replacement therapy (3.7% vs 1.1%, p=0.020), surgery on peripheral arteries (1.5% vs 0%, p=0.039).According to the results of multivariate analysis, the Disse index turned out to be a significant predictor of the end point (hospital stay &gt;10 days or any significant complication CABG) in several regression models (OR 1.060 in one of the models; 95% CI 1.016–1.105; p=0.006). …”
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m6A-methylated TAL1 exacerbates lipid accumulation in ethylene bisdithiocarbamate metabolite–induced anorectal malformations in rat fetuses via miR-205/LCOR signaling by Yifan Yao, Shuo Yang, Yuzuo Bai, Zhengwei Yuan, Zhonghua Yang

“…Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to explore the biological functions of the indicators in HEK 293 T cells and samples from ETU-induced ARM fetal rat models. Transamniotic microinjection was performed in fetal rat models with ARM. …”
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