Increase in colonic propionate as a method of preventing weight gain in adults aged 20–40 years: iPREVENT, a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group trial by Gary Frost, Joana C Vasconcelos, Jennifer E Pugh, Aisha Anjum, Katerina Petropoulou, George Thom, Louise McCombie, Martina Tashkova, Sumayya Alshehhi, Daphne Babalis, Leah Holroyd, Christina Prechtl, Tom Preston, Mike J Lean, Waljit Dhillo, A Toby Prevost, and Douglas Morrison

“…Epidemiological and intervention studies have shown that dietary fibre is associated with lower body weight and better metabolic outcomes. …”
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Advancing schistosomiasis surveillance: standardization and application of an environmental DNA (eDNA)-based approach for detecting Schistosoma mansoni in Brazil by Sandra Grossi Gava, Isadora Rodrigues de Carvalho, Marcello Otake Sato, Megumi Sato, Natália de Melo Nasser Fava, Patrícia Martins Parreiras, Aureo Almeida de Oliveira, Sueleny Silva Ferreira Teixeira, Adelina Junia Lourenço, Omar dos Santos Carvalho, Lângia Colli Montresor, Marina Moraes Mourão, Roberta Lima Caldeira

“…This approach aligns with the WHO’s roadmap for schistosomiasis elimination by 2030 and has implications for public health interventions and control measures.…”
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Effectiveness of biomarker-guided duration of antibiotic treatment in children hospitalised with confirmed or suspected bacterial infection: the BATCH RCT by Cherry-Ann Waldron, Philip Pallmann, Simon Schoenbuchner, Debbie Harris, Lucy Brookes-Howell, Céu Mateus, Jolanta Bernatoniene, Katrina Cathie, Saul N Faust, Josie Henley, Lucy Hinds, Kerry Hood, Chao Huang, Sarah Jones, Sarah Kotecha, Sarah Milosevic, Helen Nabwera, Sanjay Patel, Stéphane Paulus, Colin VE Powell, Jenny Preston, Huasheng Xiang, Emma Thomas-Jones, Enitan D Carrol

“…Parental and HCP acceptability of the intervention was generally positive, although adherence was low, due to the intervention not being integrated into the routine care pathway. …”
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Regional Design by Verena Balz

“…It is argued that regional design assists in the building of arguments for spatial planning interventions through structuring the reservoirs of analytical knowledge and normative values that these concepts incorporate. …”
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Intrapatient tacrolimus variability is associated with medical nonadherence among pediatric kidney transplant recipients by Tara B. Gavcovich, Tara B. Gavcovich, Vaka K. Sigurjonsdottir, Vaka K. Sigurjonsdottir, Marissa J. DeFreitas, Marissa J. DeFreitas, Claudia Serrano, Claudia Serrano, Esther Rivas, Esther Rivas, Migdalia Jorge, Migdalia Jorge, Wacharee Seeherunvong, Wacharee Seeherunvong, Chryso Katsoufis, Chryso Katsoufis, Wendy Glaberson, Wendy Glaberson, Melisa Oliva, Adela D. Mattiazzi, Carolyn Abitbol, Carolyn Abitbol, Jayanthi Chandar, Jayanthi Chandar

“…We derived a composite adherence score from 0 to 3 points based on (1) Basel Assessment of Adherence to Immunosuppressive Medical Scale©; (2) healthcare team score; and (3) intentionally missed laboratory or clinic visits. A score of 1 or more was considered nonadherent. …”
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Cause and Risk Factors of Delay Related to Neonatal Death in Afghan Immigrant Neonates Living in Tehran Province, Iran by Nahid Akbari, Leila Khedmat, Mansoureh Jamshidimanesh, Maryam Kashanian, Mohammad Javanbakht, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Ameneh Akhundi

“…Methods: Throughout a 21-month study period from 2017 to 2018, data was collected from 576 neonates, comprising 441 neonatal near-miss (NNM) cases and 135 neonates who died and were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit across six selected hospitals. …”
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Early detection to improve outcome in people with undiagnosed psoriatic arthritis: the PROMPT research programme including RCT by Neil McHugh, Laura Bojke, Mel Brooke Turfrey, Rachel Charlton, Myka Ransom, Laura C Coates, Howard Collier, Claire Davies, Emma Dures, Philip Helliwell, Jana James, Anya Lissina, Vishnu B Madhok, Alison L Nightingale, Jonathan Packham, Catherine Smith, Eldon Spackman, Cerys Tassinari, William Tillett, Sarah T Brown

“…COSt of screening for Psoriatic Arthritis study analyses were limited by the extent of missing data. Conclusion The benefit of early detection of psoriatic arthritis in a primary care psoriasis population remains unproven. …”
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Construction and Preliminary Validation of the Children's Academic Readiness Test to Enter Primary School in Afghanistan Country by Mohammad Naeem Rasooli, Ahmad Abedi, Mohammad Ashori

“…These components include numerical reasoning, attention and memory, picture completion (finding missing elements in a picture), quantitative reasoning, retrieval, associative recall, sentence repetition and counting, visual-spatial reasoning, problem-solving (connecting dots game), and visual-motor skills. …”
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How to Implement Digital Clinical Consultations in UK Maternity Care: the ARM@DA Realist Review by Catrin Evans, Georgia Clancy, Kerry Evans, Andrew Booth, Benash Nazmeen, Candice Sunney, Mark Clowes, Nia Wyn Jones, Stephen Timmons, Helen Spiby

“…Limitations Some of the evidence lacked details regarding specific settings, interventions or sample characteristics. This limits the extent to which findings can be applied to micro-level contexts. …”
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What happens between first symptoms and first acute exacerbation of COPD – observational study of routine data and patient survey by Alex Bottle, Alex Adamson, Xiubin Zhang, Benedict Hayhoe, Jennifer K Quint

“…Participants Patients with incident chronic obstructive pulmonary disease aged > 35 years in England. Interventions None. Main outcome measures First acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. …”
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Establishing the best step-up treatments for children with uncontrolled asthma despite inhaled corticosteroids: the EINSTEIN systematic review, network meta-analysis and cost-effec... by Sofia Cividini, Ian Sinha, Giovanna Culeddu, Sarah Donegan, Michelle Maden, Katie Rose, Olivia Fulton, Dyfrig Hughes, Stephen Turner, Catrin Tudur Smith

“…When IPD was unavailable, we supplemented the missing data with AgD from publications where possible. …”
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Effect of the competency-based Helping Mothers Survive Bleeding after Birth (HMS BAB) training on maternal morbidity: a cluster-randomised trial in 20 districts in Tanzania by Claudia Hanson, Fadhlun Alwy Al-beity, Andrea Pembe, Atsumi Hirose, Jessica Morris, Sebalda Leshabari, Gaetano Marrone

“…A significant reduction of PPH near misses was found among women who suffered PPH in the intervention district compared with comparison districts (difference-in-differences of slopes −5.3, 95% CI −7.8 to −2.7, p<0.001) from a baseline PPH-related near miss rate of 71% (95% CI 60% to 80%). …”
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A Rectal Cancer Surgery Dataset: Use of artificial intelligence to aid automation of error identification by Walaa Ghamrawi, Nathan Curtis, Jialang Xu, Matt Boal, Evangelos Mazomenos, Eddie Edwards, Danail Stoyanov, Nader Francis

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Data‐informed Stepped Care (DiSC) to improve adolescent and young adult HIV care outcomes in Kenya: a cluster randomized trial by Pamela Kohler, Wenwen Jiang, Jacinta Badia, James Kibugi, Jessica Dyer, Julie Kadima, Dorothy Oketch, Kristin Beima‐Sofie, Sarah Hicks, Barbra A. Richardson, Irene Inwani, Seema K. Shah, Kawango Agot, Grace John‐Stewart

“…Conclusions Overall, missed visits and non‐suppression were infrequent (< 10%) and did not decrease with the DiSC intervention. …”
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Improvement of quality of life in a family of a child with asthma after using the Written Asthma Action Plan (WAAP) by Eshita Bansal, Shuchi Mehra, Kapil Bhalla

“…Results: The P value was highly significant in the following parameters post-intervention: missed doses of controller medication (P value = 0.001), need for rescue medication (<0.001), ACT score (0.001), total PAQLQ (<0.001), and PACQLQ (<0.001) score. …”
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Putting TB notification into practice among private pharmacies in Mangalore city, India – Did we succeed? by Saurabh Kumar, K. Nishanth Krishna, Sowmya Bhat, Raveendra H.R. Reddy, C. Ravichandra, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, M.N. Badarudeen

“…An estimated 3.1 million cases were missed globally, posing a challenge in breaking the chain of transmission. …”
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Improving testicular examinations on paediatric patients in the emergency department: A quality improvement study to improve early diagnosis of testicular torsion by Ernest M. Cheng, Juanita N. Chui, Murray Crowe, Andrew Cooke

“…Results: A total of 235 presentations were analysed with 124 in the pre-intervention group and 111 in the post-intervention group. …”
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Establishment and application of an intelligent management platform for home medication for children with leukemia. by Dahui Zhong, Yang Liu, Lin Mo, Li Zhang, Xuelan Shen, Qiumeng Xiang

“…The self-efficacy in rational medication, rate of missed/incorrect administration, and unplanned admission rate of the two groups were assessed after three months of intervention. …”
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Effect of a one-time financial incentive on linkage to chronic hypertension care in Kenya and Uganda: A randomized controlled trial. by Matthew D Hickey, Asiphas Owaraganise, Norton Sang, Fredrick J Opel, Erick Wafula Mugoma, James Ayieko, Jane Kabami, Gabriel Chamie, Elijah Kakande, Maya L Petersen, Laura B Balzer, Moses R Kamya, Diane V Havlir

“…Hypertension control at 90 days was 51% intervention and 41% control (aRR 1.22, 95%CI 0.92-1.66).…”
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Applications and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer by Shouyu ZHANG, Bojiang CHEN, Weimin LI

“…The incidence and mortality of lung cancer are extremely high, and the 5-year survival rate of patients after diagnosis is less than 20%; as such, early screening and intervention are important. However, doctors are overwhelmed with a large workload of CT scan review in a short period of time and should ensure that the rate of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis is low. …”
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