Acid Treatment of Titania Pastes to Create Scattering Layers in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells by Trystan Watson, Cecile Charbonneau, Daniel Bryant, David Worsley

“…In this work we show that a simple acid pretreatment can lead to the formation of a scattering “skin” on the surface of a single TiO2 film performing a similar function to a scattering layer without any additional depositions. …”
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A Coupled-Field Expansion Method for Single-Layer and Multilayer Planar Periodic Structures by Yading Li, Karu P. Esselle, Lvqian Zhang

“…It is useful for the analysis, design, and optimization of many single-layer and multilayer planar structures, such as frequency-selective surfaces (FSSs), artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surfaces, electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures, some metamaterials and high-impedance surfaces. …”
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The Influence of Si(C,N) Layer Composition on the Corrosion of NiCr Prosthetic Alloy by Zofia Kula, Barbara Burnat, Katarzyna Dąbrowska, Leszek Klimek

“…The results indicate that Si(C,N) coatings deposited via magnetron sputtering exhibit relatively low porosity (approximately 3%), enabling them to function effectively as barrier coatings. Among the tested coatings, the Si(39.6C/25.2N) layer demonstrated the highest polarization resistance (R_p) value and the lowest corrosion current density (i_cor), corrosion rate (CR), and mass loss rate (MR), suggesting that this composition achieves an optimal balance between carbon and nitrogen content. …”
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Intrinsic Dissolution Modeling: Interdependence Between Dissolution Rate, Solubility, and Boundary Layer Thickness by Amelie Marie Mattusch, Gerhard Schaldach, Jens Bartsch, Markus Thommes

“…<b>Results</b>: Besides the prediction of the influence of a surface reaction limitation or the solubility of a diffusion controlled drug, the boundary layer thickness at the tablet surface is modellable in terms of a freely selectable length and as a function of the diffusion coefficient, drug solubility, and the flow velocity of the dissolution medium. …”
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Enhanced catalytic activity on atomically dispersed PtSe2 two-dimensional layers by Gyuho Han, Hyuk Choi, Jong Hun Kim, Daeho Kim, Sang Sub Han, Hyewon Park, Si Woo Lee, Ki-jeong Kim, Jeongjin Kim, Min Gyu Kim, Yeonwoong Jung, Hyun You Kim, Jeong Young Park

“…This study proposes a catalyst design that utilizes atomically dispersed transition metal species within the topmost layer of TMD as catalytic reaction sites. The substantial presence of surface-exposed Pt species on PtSe2 and their role as catalytic reaction sites are elucidated using operando ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. …”
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Influence of TiO2 layer thickness as photoanode in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells by Maryam Shirkavand, Mohammad Bavir, Ali Fattah, Hamid Reza Alaei, Mohammad Hossein Tayarani Najaran

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Few-Layered MXene Modulating In Situ Growth of Carbon Nanotubes for Enhanced Microwave Absorption by Qing Tang, Qi Fan, Lei He, Ping Yu, Qing Huang, Yuanming Chen, Bingbing Fan, Kun Liang

“…MXene is widely used in the fields of microwave absorption and electromagnetic shielding to balance electromagnetic pollution with the development of communication technologies and human health, due to its excellent surface functional groups and tunable electronic properties. …”
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Time-Domain ADC and Security Co-Design for SiP-Based Wireless SAW Sensor Readers by Zhen Mao, Bing Li, Linning Peng, Jinghe Wei

“…The signal-processing architecture of passive surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors presents significant implementation challenges due to its radar-like operational principle and the inherent complexity of discrete component-based hardware design. …”
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Microstructure of ultrafine graded cemented carbides with cubic rich surface by CHEN Jian, HUANG Yi-ping, ZHU Rui, ZHOU Li, DENG Xin, WU Shang-hua, LIU Bing-yao

“…The scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy disperse spectroscope (EDS), and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) were used for the microstructure observation and phase composition analysis, and the hardness and fracture toughness tests were made in both the surface and the center of the cemented carbides. The results show that, different from the WC‒12Co cemented carbides in uniform structure, the surface layer of the WC‒10TiC‒0.5VC‒0.5Cr2C3‒12Co cemented carbides in the gradient structure is rich in TiCN cubic phase, which is about 12 μm in thickness, and there is a cobalt-rich and coarse-grain intermediate layer below the surface layer of the WC‒10TiC‒0.5VC‒0.5Cr2C3‒12Co cemented carbides. …”
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Intercalating Graphite‐Based Na‐Ion Battery Anodes with Integrated Magnetite by Rukshan Karunarathna, Harsha Ranasinghe Arachchige, Shadeepa Karunarathne, W. Parakrama Sanjeewa Lakshitha Wijesinghe, Chanaka Sandaruwan, M. M. M. Prasanga Gayanath Mantilaka, Yasun Y. Kannangara, Amr M. Abdelkader

“…The synthesized magnetite‐functionalized graphene nanoplatelets are identified as a well‐suited anode material for SIBs, with its efficient intercalation obtained through the expanded interlayer spacing of 3.9 Å and the surface redox pseudocapacitive activity attained through the surface‐grafted magnetite. …”
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JAX‐CanVeg: A Differentiable Land Surface Model by Peishi Jiang, Patrick Kidger, Toshiyuki Bandai, Dennis Baldocchi, Heping Liu, Yi Xiao, Qianyu Zhang, Carlos Tianxin Wang, Carl Steefel, Xingyuan Chen

“…Additionally, the multi‐layer canopy set benefited hybrid modeling at some sites. …”
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Mechanism of the Ammonia Molecules Protonation on the Naturally Oxidized Silicon Surface by F.A. Ptashchenko

“…The protonation of a single ammonia molecule in the presence of several (1-5) water molecules on the surface of the hydroxylated β-cristobalite surface was studied by means of density functional method with the potential B3LYP using 6-311 ++ g (d, p) basis set in the cluster approximation. …”
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Engineering and Clinical Study of Surface Geometry of Clear Aligners at the Nanoscale by Monika Machoy, Renata Samulak, Sławomir Kulesza

“…The obtained images were then processed to determine statistical and functional surface geometry parameters in accordance with relevant ISO standards. …”
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Structure of Electrical Double Layer at the Metal Oxide with Proteins/NaCl Electrolyte Solution Interface by W. Janusz, N.Y. Klymenko, E. Skwarek, S. Chibowski, J. Skubiszewska-Zięba, N.P. Galagan, K.N. Jurewnoy, V. Zarko

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Anisotropic atom motion on a row-wise antiferromagnetic surface by Felix Zahner, Soumyajyoti Haldar, Roland Wiesendanger, Stefan Heinze, Kirsten von Bergmann, André Kubetzka

“…Here, we investigate different atoms on the hexagonal Mn monolayer on Re(0001) using scanning tunneling microscopy at T = 4.2 K and density functional theory. Experimentally, we observe one-dimensional motion of Co, Rh, and Ir atoms on the hexagonal Mn layer, dictated by the row-wise antiferromagnetic state. …”
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An Almost-All Digital Proximity Transceiver for Mars Surface Missions by Adrian Tang, Emmanuel Decrossas, Zaid Towfic, Andrew Daniel, Joshua Miller, Carlos Y. Villalpando, Nacer Chahat, Yanghyo Kim

“…The transceiver expects an external baseband processor implemented in software or programmable logic for Channel-coding, Link and Network-layer operations. It also contains a stand-alone hailing function that allows it to wake up downstream avionics without requiring baseband processing when a hailing signal is received within a programmable bandwidth. …”
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Altitudinal patterns of bacterial communities across soil layers in the alpine meadows of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by Zhiyuan Chen, Yeteng Xu, Xinyue Wang, Tong Ma, Yang Liu, Xiang Qin, Wei Zhang, Tuo Chen, Guangxiu Liu, Binglin Zhang

“…Microorganisms in the soils of alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are pivotal in sustaining ecosystem functionality and stability. The community structure and functional composition of these microbes exhibit pronounced altitudinal variations; however, specific distribution patterns across different soil layers remain inadequately elucidated within alpine meadow ecosystems. …”
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Application of improved graph convolutional network for cortical surface parcellation by Jia Tan, Xiaomei Ren, Yong Chen, Xianju Yuan, Feiba Chang, Rui Yang, Chengqun Ma, Xiaoyu Chen, Miao Tian, Wei Chen, Zihong Wang

“…Abstract Accurate cortical surface parcellation is essential for elucidating brain organizational principles, functional mechanisms, and the neural substrates underlying higher cognitive and emotional processes. …”
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Spin transport properties in a topological insulator sandwiched between two-dimensional magnetic layers by Nezhat Pournaghavi, Banasree Sadhukhan, Anna Delin

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Shallow Layer Destruction Law of Expansive Soil Slope under Rainfall and the Application of Geogrid Reinforcement by Guan-yi Chen, Peng He, Gang Wang, Shang-qu Sun, Jie Xiao

“…A large number of instability cases and laboratory tests of expansive soil slopes show that its shallow layer destruction happens because of the insufficient shear strength under the usual action of low stress and repeated dry-wet cycles. …”
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