Flexible, Fan-Out, Wafer-Level Packaging Using Polydimethylsiloxane and Printed Redistribution Layers by Muhammad Hassan Malik, Muhammad Khan, Sherjeel Khan, Ali Roshanghias

“…In this study, a fully additive and scalable manufacturing process flow to realize a low-cost, flexible FOWLP system was introduced. Here, the integration of 36 LED chips in a biocompatible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate was demonstrated using a stencil-printed silver (Ag) redistribution layer (RDL). …”
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Hierarchical robust shipboard hybrid energy storage sizing with three‐layer power allocation by Yingbing Luo, Sidun Fang, Irfan Khan, Tao Niu, Ruijin Liao

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Bifunctional Memristive Behavior of a Dual‐Layer Structure Depending on the Configuration of Charge Transport by Suji Ha, YoungJu Park, Chanjin Lim, Eunyeong Yang, Taegil Kim, Seon Joon Kim, Junwoo Park

“…Abstract This paper presents a method for integrating neuronal and synaptic functions within a thin dual‐layer featuring distinct dielectric strengths. …”
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Magnetic response of topological insulator layer with metamaterial substrate induced by an electric point source by Qiang Sun, Eitan Dvorquez, Felipe A Pinto, Mohan C Mathpal, Jerónimo R Maze, Brant C Gibson, Andrew D Greentree

“…Here, we show that integrating TIs with active metamaterial substrates can significantly enhance the induced magnetic field by more than 10 ^4 times. …”
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An Adaptive Multi-Layer Anti-Lock Braking Control Method Based on Fuzzy Logic by Yajing Kang, Shuai Cheng, Liang Guo, Chao Zheng, Jizhuang Zhao

“…To this end, this paper proposes an Adaptive Multi-Layer Anti-Lock Braking Control Method (AMABC). Integrating various control technologies and optimized through an automatic switching logic, AMABC includes a Deceleration Rate Control module, a Pressure Optimization module, and a Fuzzy-based Anti-lock Control module. …”
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A deep learning-driven multi-layered steganographic approach for enhanced data security by Yousef Sanjalawe, Salam Al-E’mari, Salam Fraihat, Mosleh Abualhaj, Emran Alzubi

“…This paper addresses key limitations of traditional steganographic methods, such as limited payload capacity, susceptibility to detection, and lack of robustness against attacks. A novel multi-layered steganographic framework is proposed, integrating Huffman coding, Least Significant Bit (LSB) embedding, and a deep learning-based encoder–decoder to enhance imperceptibility, robustness, and security. …”
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Deep Learning-Based Vertical Decomposition of Ionospheric TEC into Layered Electron Density Profiles by Jialiang Zhang, Jianxiang Zhang, Zhou Chen, Jingsong Wang, Cunqun Fan, Yan Guo

“…This study proposes a deep learning-based vertical decomposition model for ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC), which establishes a nonlinear mapping from macroscale TEC data to vertically layered electron density (Ne) spanning 60–800 km by integrating geomagnetic indices (AE, SYM-H) and solar activity parameters (F10.7). …”
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Comparative analysis of empirical and deep learning models for ionospheric sporadic E layer prediction by BingKun Yu, PengHao Tian, XiangHui Xue, Christopher J. Scott, HaiLun Ye, JianFei Wu, Wen Yi, TingDi Chen, XianKang Dou

“…This study highlights the importance of integrating artificial intelligence technology into ionosphere modelling generally, and into predicting Es layer occurrences and characteristics, in particular.…”
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Numerical Analysis of Damage in Composites: From Intra-Layer to Delamination and Data-Assisted Methods by Alireza Taherzadeh-Fard, Alejandro Cornejo, Sergio Jiménez, Lucia G. Barbu

“…This review provides a comprehensive analysis of current damage modeling approaches, including intra-layer and inter-layer failures. Various numerical strategies, such as continuum damage mechanics (CDM), cohesive zone models (CZM), extended finite element methods (XFEM), phase-field models (PFM), and peridynamics (PD), are examined to assess their efficiency in predicting crack initiation, propagation, and interaction. …”
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Cyborg microbe biohybrids with metal–organic coating layers: Strategies, functionalisation and potential applications by Zichen Wu, Ke Xu, Regina Huang, Xinna Wang, Jade Lee-Lee Teng, Xiaolin Yu, Lijian Jin, Quanli Li, Ken Cham-Fai Leung, Hai Ming Wong, Xuan Li

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Analytical Solution for Sound Radiation of Vibrating Circular Plates coupled with Piezo-electric Layers by K. Khorshidi, M. Pagoli

“…In the present study, the classical plate theory (CPT) was used to study sound radiation of forced vibrating thin circular plates coupled with piezoelectric layers using simply supported and clamped boundary conditions. …”
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Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells by Teissir Ben Ammar, Naji Kharouf, Dominique Vautier, Housseinou Ba, Nivedita Sudheer, Philippe Lavalle, Vincent Ball

“…In this study, a biocomposite of few-layered graphene and tannic acid (FLG–TA) was synthesized through a straightforward, bio-based methodology. …”
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Local Back-Propagation for Forward-Forward Networks: Independent Unsupervised Layer-Wise Training by Taewook Hwang, Hyein Seo, Sangkeun Jung

“…To overcome these challenges, we propose Local Back-Propagation (LBP), a method that integrates layer-wise unsupervised learning with standard inputs and conventional loss functions. …”
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A Multi-Scale Unsupervised Feature Extraction Network with Structured Layer-Wise Decomposition by Yusuf Şevki Günaydın, Baha Şen

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Measurements of the Stiffness and Thickness of the Pavement Asphalt Layer Using the Enhanced Resonance Search Method by Nur Mustakiza Zakaria, Nur Izzi Md. Yusoff, Sentot Hardwiyono, Khairul Anuar Mohd Nayan, Ahmed El-Shafie

“…Thickness of the asphalt surface layer followed the specifications of Malaysian PWD and MDD UKM, while some of the values of stiffness obtained are higher than the standard.…”
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Advancing Data Privacy in Cloud Storage: A Novel Multi-Layer Encoding Framework by Kamta Nath Mishra, Rajesh Kumar Lal, Paras Nath Barwal, Alok Mishra

“…This approach introduces a multi-layer encoding storage arrangement combined with the implementation of a one-time password authorization approach. …”
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Comparative Analysis of Layer Thickness Measurement Methods for Photovoltaic Modules: A Comprehensive Study by Lukas Neumaier, Martin De Biasio, Anika Gassner, Gabriele C. Eder, Thomas Nigl

“…Central to this effort is the precise determination of layer thicknesses, critical for effective characterization, and separation of input material. …”
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Planar Wide-Angle Imaging System with a Single-Layer SiC Metalens by Yiyang Liu, Qiangbo Zhang, Changwei Zhang, Mengguang Wang, Zhenrong Zheng

“…Optical systems with wide field-of-view (FOV) imaging capabilities are crucial for applications ranging from biomedical diagnostics to remote sensing, yet conventional wide-angle optics face integration challenges in compact platforms. Here, we present the design and experimental demonstration of a single-layer silicon carbide (SiC) metalens achieving a 90° total FOV, whose planar structure and small footprint address the challenges. …”
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Ionic diffusivity of manganese-based spinel-layered composite nanoarchitectures: An analysis of morphological dependence by Ledwaba Raesibe, Ngoepe Phuti

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Detecting Fraudulent Transactions for Different Patterns in Financial Networks Using Layer Weigthed GCN by Shaziya Islam, Gagan Raj Gupta, Apu Chakraborty, Santosh Singh, Anisha Soni, Chhavi Patle

“…The proposed approach integrates adaptive layer weighting, enabling the model to dynamically adjust the contribution of different GNN layers to better capture intricate transaction patterns. …”
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