Noncanonical short-latency auditory pathway directly activates deep cortical layers by Michellee M. Garcia, Amber M. Kline, Koun Onodera, Hiroaki Tsukano, Pranathi R. Dandu, Hailey C. Acosta, Michael R. Kasten, Paul B. Manis, Hiroyuki K. Kato

“…Abstract Auditory processing in the cerebral cortex is considered to begin with thalamocortical inputs to layer 4 (L4) of the primary auditory cortex (A1). …”
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Mode I Fracture Behaviors between Cement Concrete and Asphalt Concrete Layer by Zhongping Tang, Fanglin Huang, Hua Peng

“…Interlayer bonding performance between asphalt and concrete layers is a critical concern in achieving optimal long-term structural performance due to the possible cracking along the interface. …”
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Influence of radiation exposure on the properties of dielectric layers based on anodic aluminum oxide by S. A. Biran, D. A. Korotkevich, A. V. Korotkevich, K. V. Garifov, A. D. Dashkevich

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THE DIGITAL DIVIDE AS A NEW LAYER OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION IN CHINA`S INNOVATION ECONOMY by У Ці

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Enhancing Physical Layer Security in RIS-Aided HAPS for Non-Terrestrial Networks by Hanieh Memarian, S. Mohammad Razavizadeh, Ali Kuhestani

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Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) layers grown on metals and alloys as supported photocatalysts by Viswanathan S. Saji

“…The catalytic activity of the developed oxide layer can be boosted by various approaches, such as doping and heterojunction formation via in-situ integration or post-impregnation of the active components. …”
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Unravelling the influence of mixed layer depth on chlorophyll-a dynamics in the Red Sea. by Marianthi Pateraki, Dionysios E Raitsos, George Krokos, Iason Theodorou, Ibrahim Hoteit

“…Primary production in highly stratified and oligotrophic tropical seas relies primarily on nutrient injections from a deepened mixed layer. The Red Sea, one of the warmest marine ecosystems on earth, has very few external nutrient sources. …”
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Evaluation of Fatigue Behavior of Asphalt Layers Containing Nanosilica Modified Tack Coat by Behrang Rohani, Mahdi Akbari, Sayyed Ali Hosseini

“…Adhesion and bonding between asphalt layers are among the factors that affect the durability of asphalt pavement and play a major function in maintaining the integrity of the pavement. …”
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Object Tracking Algorithm Based on Multi-Layer Feature Fusion and Semantic Enhancement by Jing Wang, Yanru Wang, Dan Yuan, Yuxiang Que, Weichao Huang, Yuan Wei

“…The TransT object tracking algorithm, built on Transformer architecture, effectively integrates deep feature extraction with attention mechanisms, thereby enhancing the stability and accuracy of the algorithm. …”
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A Liquid Metal Balloon for the Exfoliation of an Ultrathin and Uniform Gallium Oxide Layer by Anar Zhexembekova, Seongyeop Lim, Cheongha Lee, Yun-Tae Kim, Chang Young Lee

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Challenges and control strategies for disrupting passive oxide layer formation in electrochemical machining by Ritesh Kumar Upadhyay

“…While having numerous benefits, ECM also has a major challenge: the development of a passive oxide layer on the surface of the workpiece. The formation of this layer depends on various factors, such as workpiece material, electrolyte composition, current density, and machining conditions. …”
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Dual-Layer Dynamic Optimization Model for Carbon-Conscious Transport Mode Allocation by Jing Gan, Dongmei Yan, Linheng Li

“…The upper-layer model evaluates carbon emissions with the help of speed-dependent emission factors for various transport modes, and the lower-layer model leverages the logit Stochastic User Equilibrium (logitSUE) model to yield the velocities of road segments under a diverse array of travel structures. …”
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ONE-SIDED \(L\)-APPROXIMATION ON A SPHERE OF THE CHARACTERISTIC FUNCTION OF A LAYER by Marina V. Deikalova, Anastasiya Yu. Torgashova

“…In the space \(L(\mathbb{S}^{m-1})\) of functions integrable on the unit sphere \(\mathbb{S}^{m-1}\) of the Euclidean space \(\mathbb{R}^{m}\) of dimension \(m\ge 3\), we discuss the problem of one-sided approximation to the characteristic function of a spherical layer \(\mathbb{G}(J)=\{x=(x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_m)\in \mathbb{S}^{m-1}\colon x_m\in J\},\) where \(J\) is one of the intervals \((a,1],\) \((a,b),\) and \([-1,b),\) \(-1< a<b< 1,\) by the set of algebraic polynomials of given degree \(n\) in \(m\) variables. …”
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Sustainable sanitation from a multi-layered approach: the case of Costa Rica by Cindy

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A Multi-Layered Origami Tactile Sensory Ring for Wearable Biomechanical Monitoring by Rajat Subhra Karmakar, Hsin-Fu Lin, Jhih-Fong Huang, Jui-I Chao, Ying-Chih Liao, Yen-Wen Lu

“…By harnessing paper’s flexibility and employing origami folding, the sensors integrate structural stability and self-packaging without added encapsulation layers. …”
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A multi-band dual-layer encoded microwave absorber with angle selectivity by Senfeng Lai, Jingyi Luo, Junxian Tan, Huiyuan Fu

“…To meet the pressing demands of modern wireless communication systems for controllable, angle-selective, transparent, and multi-band microwave absorbers, the designed absorber consists of upper and lower transparent coded structures with an intermediate air layer.Further analysis of the absorber’s operating principle revealed that under normal incidence conditions, the absorber exhibits four resonant peaks at 13.1 GHz, 25.0 GHz, 33.5 GHz, and 35.6 GHz, with absorption rates exceeding 99.8 %.Ultimately, we fabricated samples and measured their absorption performance within the frequency range of 0–26 GHz under experimental conditions. …”
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Adrenergic pathways in glycine-mediated feeding behavior: Evidence from layer chickens by Hamed Zarei, Fatemeh Kashefi, Keyvan Hasani

“…Glycinergic and adrenergic systems are integral to the regulation of meal consumption in avian species; however, the interactions between these systems have not been previously documented. …”
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Age-driven changes in the layer hen reproductive microbiome are associated with lay performance by Kathryn M Ellwood, Ashley E Kramer, Aditya Dutta

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Artifact estimation network for MR images: effectiveness of batch normalization and dropout layers by Tomoko Maruyama, Norio Hayashi, Yusuke Sato, Toshihiro Ogura, Masumi Uehara, Haruyuki Watanabe, Yoshihiro Kitoh

“…We conclude that the accuracy of motion artifact removal can be improved by integrating BN and dropout layers into a U-Net-based network, with due consideration of the correct location and dropout rate.…”
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Production Elasticity of Layer Farming During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Blitar District by Gunawan Adi Santoso, Budi Hartono, Umi Wisaptiningsih Suwandi

“…The livestock sub-sector, an integral part of the agricultural sector, is the animal protein producing sub-sector which plays an important role in meeting people's nutritional needs. …”
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