Superior Potency of Synthetic Virus-like Structures in Vaccine-Induced Antibody Responses Compared to Qβ Bacteriophage Virus-like Particles by Alexander R. Meyer, Libo Li, Wei-Yun Wholey, Bryce Chackerian, Wei Cheng

“…The resulting antigen-specific antibodies had similar binding on-rates and off-rates. …”
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Tcf4 regulates secretory cell fate decisions in the small intestine and colon tumors: insights from transcriptomic, histological, and microbiome analyses by Lucie Janeckova, Monika Stastna, Dusan Hrckulak, Linda Berkova, Jan Kubovciak, Jakub Onhajzer, Vitezslav Kriz, Stela Dostalikova, Tereza Mullerova, Katerina Vecerkova, Marketa Tenglerova, Stepan Coufal, Klara Kostovcikova, Richard S. Blumberg, Dominik Filipp, Konrad Basler, Tomas Valenta, Michal Kolar, Vladimir Korinek

“…This raises important questions: What is the role of these Paneth-like cells in tumor biology, and how does Tcf4 influence their identity and function? Methods We investigated cell specification in small intestinal crypts and colon tumors using conditional Tcf7l2 deletion, cell type-specific Cre recombinases, and reporter alleles in mice. …”
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Type 2 diabetes genetic loci informed by multi-trait associations point to disease mechanisms and subtypes: A soft clustering analysis. by Miriam S Udler, Jaegil Kim, Marcin von Grotthuss, Sílvia Bonàs-Guarch, Joanne B Cole, Joshua Chiou, Christopher D. Anderson on behalf of METASTROKE and the ISGC, Michael Boehnke, Markku Laakso, Gil Atzmon, Benjamin Glaser, Josep M Mercader, Kyle Gaulton, Jason Flannick, Gad Getz, Jose C Florez

“…<h4>Background</h4>Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease for which (1) disease-causing pathways are incompletely understood and (2) subclassification may improve patient management. …”
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Intestinal rearrangement of biliopancreatic limbs, alimentary limbs, and common limbs in obese type 2 diabetic mice after duodenal jejunal bypass surgery by Heng Li, Heng Li, Jipei He, Jie Hou, Chengjun He, Xiaojiang Dai, Zhigao Song, Qing Liu, Zixin Wang, Hongyan Huang, Yunfa Ding, Tengfei Qi, Hongbin Zhang, Hongbin Zhang, Liangping Wu, Liangping Wu

“…Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), yet the precise mechanisms underlying its effectiveness remain incompletely understood. While previous research has emphasized the role of rearrangement of the gastrointestinal anatomy, gaps persist regarding the specific impact on the gut microbiota and barriers within the biliopancreatic, alimentary, and common limbs. …”
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Serum exosomal microRNA profiling reveals a down-regulation of hsa-miR-124-3p in patients with severe acne by Shujuan Zhang, Yimin Liang, Manqi Xia, Xin Tian, Ziyan Chen, Ling Lin, Jingyao Liang, Yumei Liu

“…BackgroundAcne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting pilosebaceous unit. However, its specific mechanism remain incompletely understood.ObjectivesThis study aims to identify and analyze the differential expression of serum exosomal miRNA in severe acne, revealing new insights into the pathogenesis of acne.MethodsMiRNAs were extracted from serum exosomes of 15 patients with severe acne and 15 healthy controls. …”
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Gut cannabinoid receptor 1 regulates alcohol binge-induced intestinal permeability by Bin Gao, Luca Maccioni, George Kunos, Szabolcs Dvorácskó, Grzegorz Godlewski, Resat Cinar, Malliga R Iyer

“…Alcohol binge can adversely affect digestive functions, including intestinal permeability; however, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. …”
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The correlations of serum uric acid with lean mass, fat mass and grip strength in adolescents aged 12-19 years by Feng Xu, Jianjun Shen, Zhongxin Zhu

“…BackgroundSerum uric acid (sUA) has emerged as an intriguing modulator of body composition and physical function, yet its complex associations with musculoskeletal parameters during the critical period of adolescence remain incompletely characterized. …”
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The Role of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Epigenetic and Metabolic Reprogramming: Insights into Trained Immunity by Li Y, Chen M, Li J, Hu J

“…We critically assess current evidence, identify unresolved questions regarding signal transduction specificity and memory maintenance, and propose novel methodological approaches to decipher the multilayered regulatory networks of innate immune adaptation. …”
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Real-world safety of carboplatin in non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective signal detection and subgroup analysis based on the FAERS database by Lei Wang, Kunpeng Yang, Kunpeng Yang, Hui Zhao, Peiyun Lv, Chenglun Cai, Zhe Wang, Bao Wang, Bao Wang, Bao Wang

“…IntroductionCarboplatin is frequently employed in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet the real-world safety profile—including underrecognized adverse events (AEs) and subgroup-specific risk variations—remains incompletely understood. …”
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RUNX1 promotes proliferation of cervical cancer through TGFB2-MAPK pathway by Yongqin Jia, Neng Yang, Shuai Tang, Li Deng, Yanzhou Wang, Xiongwei Cai

“…Though RUNX1 is overexpressed in CC, its specific role and underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. …”
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Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell in Cardiovascular Diseases: Complexities and Potentials by Haibei Sun, Weizhuo Liu, Zelin Yu, Bin He

“…Abstract Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a class of lymphocytes that do not express specific antigen recognition receptors, which play a significant role in various diseases due to their unique immunomodulatory functions. …”
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Age-Related Impairment of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses Exacerbates Herpes Simplex Viral Infection by Ruchi Srivastava, Sweta Karan, Yassir Lekbach, Afshana Quadiri, Ava Tohidian, Chhaya Maurya, Sarah Xue Le Ng, Reilly Chow, America Garcia, Anshu Agrawal, Hawa Vahed, Aziz A. Chentoufi, Lbachir BenMohamed

“…Compared to young and adult mice, aged mice displayed: (i) increased activation of epithelial cells with a decreased expression of TLR3; (ii) increased activation of dendritic cells with increased expression of MHC-I, MHC-II, and CD80/86; (iii) decreased production of type-I interferons; (iv) delayed production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the lungs; and (v) impairment frequencies of functional HSV-specific CD107+IFN-γ+CD8+ T cells associated with the increased incidence of viral infection and disease. …”
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Upregulated Hexokinase-2 in Airway Epithelium Regulates Apoptosis and Drives Inflammation in Asthma via Peptidylprolyl Isomerase F by Zhen Tian, Hongyan Zheng, Yan Fan, Boyu Li, Zhenli Huang, Meijia Wang, Jixian Zhang, Jianping Zhao, Shanshan Wang, Jungang Xie

“…However, the roles of hexokinase 2 (HK2) in asthma remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate metabolic alterations in asthma, focusing on the expression, function and regulation of HK2. …”
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A widespread accessory protein family diversifies the effector repertoire of the type VI secretion system spike by Jake Colautti, Huagang Tan, Nathan P. Bullen, Stephanie S. Thang, Dirk Hackenberger, Andrew C. Doxey, John C. Whitney

“…Here, we characterize a widespread family of adaptor proteins, containing the domain of unknown function DUF4123, that enable the recognition and export of evolutionarily unrelated effectors. …”
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Mechanisms of sorafenib-induced cardiotoxicity: ER stress induces upregulation of ATF3, leading to downregulation of NDUFS1 expression and mitochondrial dysfunction by Ming Yan, Ming Yan, Ming Yan, Cheng Peng, Cheng Peng, Xueyan Lang, Xueyan Lang, Yilan Li, Yilan Li, Yao Zhang, Yao Zhang

“…BackgroundSorafenib, a widely used tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has been associated with cardiotoxic effects; however, the precise molecular basis of this toxicity remains incompletely characterized. This study examined sorafenib’s impact on cardiac cells, focusing on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling, specifically the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway and its downstream network.MethodsTo elucidate these mechanisms, we employed a comprehensive approach integrating in vivo rat models, H9C2 cell-based assays, transcriptomic and proteomic profiling, along with biochemical validation techniques.ResultsOur study reveals that sorafenib compromises cardiac function by inducing ER stress in cardiomyocytes, which activates the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway, leading to mitochondrial damage and apoptosis. …”
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The effects of kappa opioid agonist RU-1205 on local field potentials and behavior in the discriminative stimulus paradigm by K. Yu. Kalitin, O. Yu. Mukha, A. A. Spasov

“…RU-1205, a benzimidazole derivative acting as a specific kappa opioid receptor agonist, has demonstrated the capacity to modulate neuronal activity. …”
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Themis differentially regulates T follicular helper cell differentiation during early and late stages of chronic viral infection by Yuzhen Zhu, Yuzhou Bao, Ning Wang, Qifeng Gan, Jian Tang, Yu Cong, Bowen Hou, Bowen Hou, Minxue Quan, Chaonan Yan, Siyi Liu, Shuo Lin, Xiaobin Zhang, Yanping Du, Lichao Hou, Nicholas R. J. Gascoigne, Nicholas R. J. Gascoigne, Bing Xu, Guo Fu, Guo Fu, Guo Fu, Qifan Zheng

“…IntroductionT follicular helper (TFH) cells are critical for humoral immunity during chronic viral infection, but the mechanisms guiding their differentiation from a novel CD4⁺ T cell progenitors remain incompletely understood. Themis, a T cell-specific adaptor protein, has been implicated in T cell development and function, but its role in peripheral CD4⁺ T cell differentiation under chronic antigen stimulation has not been defined.MethodsWe used a chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) Clone13 infection model in wild-type and Themis conditional knockout (cKO) mice. …”
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KRAS4B is required for placental development by Marie-Albane Minati, Leyre López Muneta, Younes Achouri, Sophie Pirenne, Corentin Porada, Francesca Rochais, Patrick Jacquemin

“…However, the precise mechanisms underlying the developmental functions of KRAS, as well as the respective roles of its two splicing isoforms, KRAS4A and KRAS4B, remain incompletely characterized. …”
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Biallelic Mutations in the Otogelin‐Like Gene (OTOGL) Associated With Congenital Non‐Syndromic Sensorineural Hearing Loss in a Chinese Family by Xiang Dai, Jun Li, Xijiang Hu, Wenqian Cai

“…However, the mutation spectrum of OTOGL and its functional relevance remain incompletely understood. …”
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Macrophage Signaling Pathways in Health and Disease: From Bench to Bedside Applications by Yongquan Chi, Haipeng Jiang, Yiyuan Yin, Xinyu Zhou, Yiyouyou Shao, Yongsheng Li, Jianhua Rao

“…This duality underpins their pivotal roles in immune defense, tissue homeostasis, and disease progression; however, the molecular mechanisms governing their polarization and crosstalk across various pathologies remain incompletely defined. This review systematically delineates macrophage biology, emphasizing the interplay between subset‐specific signaling networks and their context‐dependent activation in both health and disease. …”
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