The problems of numerical inequalities estimates by Viktor A. Kapitanov, Anna A. Ivanova, Aleksandra Y. Maksimova

“…The purpose of this paper is to compare the shortcomings of the widely used inequality coefficients that appear when working with real (ie, knowingly incomplete) data and searching for alternative quantitative methods for describing inequalities that lack these shortcomings.Research methods:– consideration of an extensive range of as full as possible real data on the population distribution by income, expenditure, property (ie data on the economic structure of society);– revealing the specific shortcomings of these data on the economic structure of society, finding out which information is missing or presented disproportionately;– comparison of the values of the most widely used indices of inequality calculated on real data on the economic structure, with a view to establishing the suitability of these indicators for problems of inequality estimation;– development of an index of inequality that adequately describes the real economic structure of society.Research data:– official data of Rosstat and the Federal Tax Service on incomes of Russian citizens;– specialized sites of announcements about the prices for real estate and cars;– Credit Suisse Research Institute data on the distribution of Russian citizens by property level;– Forbes data on income and wealth of the richest people in Russia.It is shown that the income data are essentially incomplete and fragmentary – the width of the income range (i.e., the income of therichest member of society) is known, but the filling of rich cohorts is not known, since the incomes of the richest members of society are hidden.We proposed the next (criteria as) requirements for an inequality index:–  possibility of calculating the index of inequality for arbitrary quantization;– invariance of the value of the inequality index for different quantization of the same data;– sensitivity of the index to the width of the income range.It is noted that only the exponential function describes societies with high social inequality enough well (the intensity of the exponential distribution is more than 10).For the presented population distributions, the next indices of inequality are calculated:– decile coefficient of funds;– Gini coefficient;– Pareto index;– indicators of total entropy (zero, first or Tayle index, and second orders);– the ratio of maximum income (property value) to the modal;– intensity of exponential distribution.It is shown, that:– the value of the Pareto index does not have a unique relationship with the inequality;– the coefficients of the funds (decile, quintile, etc.) are not computable for arbitrary quantization, and therefore are unsuitable for comparing data from various sources and have different quantization;– The Gini index requires complete data on the rich;– from all considered criteria of inequality the first three indicators of the total entropy, as well as the ratio of maximum income (property) to the modal strongly depend on data quantization.Therefore they are unsuitable for comparison data from various sources with different quantization. …”
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Selective lysis of acute myeloid leukemia cells by CD34/CD3 bispecific antibody through the activation of γδ T-cells by Faisal Al Agrafi, Ahmed Gaballa, Paula Hahn, Lucas C. M. Arruda, Adrian C. Jaramillo, Maartje Witsen, Sören Lehmann, Björn Önfelt, Michael Uhlin, Arwen Stikvoort

“…Relapse has been shown to be correlated with an incomplete eradication of CD34+ leukemic stem cells prior to HSCT. …”
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Entity class-restricted twin attention-based aggregation for geographic knowledge graph inference by Jinlan Kong, Xiaohui He, Haichuan Fang, Roujia Ji, Peng Yang, Shuang Li, Haofei Li, Haonan Sun, Mengjia Qiao, Panle Li, Xijie Cheng, Qinglei Zhou, Jiandong Shang

“…Abstract Geographic knowledge graphs (GeoKGs) describe and simulate geographic phenomena by storing geographic entities with their semantic relations, providing a foundation for many real-world tasks such as urban function identification. However, GeoKGs are often incomplete due to manual construction, leading to inaccurate and/or suboptimal decision-making. …”
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The role of probiotics in supporting celiac disease management - a review of current research and therapeutic perspectives by Aleksandra Cieplak, Zuzanna Czyżewicz, Aleksandra Kołodziej, Nadia Hornig, Wiktoria Zamirska

“…Description of the state of knowledge: The accumulated data suggest that probiotics may improve gut function and reduce inflammation in patients with celiac disease. …”
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Preliminary insights into the effects of spinal manipulation therapy of different force magnitudes on blood biomarkers of oxidative stress and pro-resolution of inflammation mediat... by Felipe C. K. Duarte, Martha Funabashi, David Starmer, Wania A. Partata

“…Such variability may be due to the incomplete understanding of the fundamental effects of force-based manipulations (e.g., patient-specific force-time characteristics) on a person’s physiology in health and disease. …”
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Case Report: Failure of eculizumab to block complement to prevent relapse of anti-phospholipid syndrome in kidney transplant recipient by Thibault Laban, Fredéric Pigneur, Constance Guillaud, Marie Agnès Dragon Durey, Marie Agnès Dragon Durey, Houcine Hamidi, Caroline Pilon, Caroline Pilon, Marc Michel, Nizar Joher, Philippe Grimbert, Philippe Grimbert, Philippe Grimbert, Hamza Sakhi, Hamza Sakhi, Antoine Morel, Marie Matignon, Marie Matignon, Marie Matignon

“…Additional doses of eculizumab and plasma exchange allowed the normalization of biological tests and improvement of kidney allograft function. A retrospective complement analysis showed an incomplete blockade at the time of AKI. …”
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Dynamic graph structure evolution for node classification with missing attributes by Xiaomeng Song, Bin Zhou, Yanjiang Wang, Weifeng Liu

“…EGS dynamically reconstructs the attributes of the nodes and updates the graph structure through an alternating optimization approach. Specifically, we introduce a Dirichlet Energy function with dual constraints to formulate the objective function, which jointly optimizes node structure relationships and attribute reconstruction. …”
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Dietary magnesium intake affects the association between dietary vitamin A and depression: a cross-sectional study by Canqun Yan, Conghui Gao, Kebin Zhan, Cheng Li

“…Vitamin A, essential for immune and neurological function, has shown conflicting associations with depression. …”
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SIX transcription factors are necessary for the activation of DUX4 expression in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy by Amelia Fox, Jonathan Oliva, Rajanikanth Vangipurapu, Francis M. Sverdrup

“…Staining for SIX1 and SIX2 with specific antibodies was performed in FSHD myoblasts and myotubes. …”
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Postural Dysfunction in Children With Cerebral Palsy: Some Implications for Therapeutic Guidance by Eva Brogren Carlberg, Mijna Hadders-Algra

“…The challenge facing us now is to provide evidence about the efficacy of specific treatment approaches facilitating that children reach an optimal level of functioning in daily life.…”
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AIRR community curation and standardised representation for immunoglobulin and T cell receptor germline sets by William D. Lees, Scott Christley, Ayelet Peres, Justin T. Kos, Brian Corrie, Duncan Ralph, Felix Breden, Lindsay G. Cowell, Gur Yaari, Martin Corcoran, Gunilla B. Karlsson Hedestam, Mats Ohlin, Andrew M. Collins, Corey T. Watson, Christian E. Busse

“…Analysis of an individual's immunoglobulin or T cell receptor gene repertoire can provide important insights into immune function. High-quality analysis of adaptive immune receptor repertoire sequencing data depends upon accurate and relatively complete germline sets, but current sets are known to be incomplete. …”
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Cognitive Reserve? Cognitive Capacity! by Kenneth R. Paap

“…In contrast, we propose a shift to a cognitive capacity (CC) framework, which views cognitive performance as being always determined by the brain’s structural and functional capacities, without needing to invoke expectations based on incomplete knowledge. …”
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A multivalent binding model infers antibody Fc species from systems serology. by Armaan A Abraham, Zhixin Cyrillus Tan, Priyanka Shrestha, Emily R Bozich, Aaron S Meyer

“…However, a crucial limitation of this approach is its incomplete description of what structural features of the antibodies are responsible for the observed immune receptor engagement and effector functions. …”
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Unveiling chiral amino acid alterations and glycine dysregulation in late-life depression through targeted metabolomics by Mingxia Liu, Weigang Pan, Jing He, Sihai Ling, Yi He, Jian Yang, Peixian Mao, Zuoli Sun, Zuoli Sun

“…Additionally, D- and L-glutamic acid levels were differentially associated with specific cognitive function indicators.DiscussionThese findings underscore the importance of accounting for amino acid chirality in biomarker research and highlight chiral amino acids as promising candidates for the diagnosis of LLD and the prediction of treatment response.…”
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Landscape of chimeric RNAs in COVID-19 patient blood by Samuel Haddox, Ping Wu, Sandeep Singh, Fujun Qin, Jack Engel, Andrea Kian, Syed Ahmad, Hui Li, Peng Wu

“…We discovered a chimeric RNA that correlated with COVID-19 disease status and appeared to be dependent upon a loss of PTBP1's function as a splicing repressor. Overall, we found over 350 novel COVID-19-specific chimeric RNAs not detectable in GTEx whole blood that may also serve as biomarkers for viral infection.…”
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Comprehensive in vivo mapping of the human basal ganglia and thalamic connectome in individuals using 7T MRI. by Christophe Lenglet, Aviva Abosch, Essa Yacoub, Federico De Martino, Guillermo Sapiro, Noam Harel

“…These anatomical connectivity findings are supported by functional connectivity data derived from resting-state functional MRI (R-fMRI). …”
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Evolutionary dynamics of predicted G-quadruplexes in human and other great apes by Saswat K. Mohanty, Francesca Chiaromonte, Kateryna D. Makova

“…Despite these important functions, G4s have remained under-studied in human and ape genomes due to incomplete assemblies. …”
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Small extracellular vesicles and particles (sEVPs) derived from tumor-free pre-metastatic organs promote breast cancer metastasis and support organotropism by Tasneem Cheytan, Martin Schneider, Roberto Würth, Paul Schwerd-Kleine, Ewgenija Gutjahr, Verena Thewes, Laura L. Michel, Rebecca Weber, Tim Vorberg, Sabrina Lohr, Katja Nitschke, Michelle Neßling, Peter Lichter, Andreas Schneeweiss, Karsten Richter, Dominic Helm, Martin Sprick, Andreas Trumpp

“…Abstract Metastatic breast cancer remains largely incurable, partly due to our incomplete understanding of its intricate underlying mechanisms. …”
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L’enterrement d’une triade divine féminine à Lugdunum : étude du dépôt de la place d’Albon à Lyon (Métropole de Lyon) by Lucas Guillaud, Emmanuel Bernot, Aline Colombier-Gougouzian, Amaury Gilles, Nicolas Garnier

“…While this practice seems quite unusual for a building that had a primarily economic function, this is not the case in the cultic field. …”
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Identifying potential biomarkers for early evaluating mechanical compression injuries to skeletal muscle through proteomic analysis: A rat model. by Huiyang Jia, Heng Zhang, Yan Liu, Jialiang Guo, Wei Chen, Yingze Zhang, Marius M Scarlat, Lin Liu, Zhiyong Hou

“…Severe skeletal muscle injuries often result in incomplete regeneration, leading to functional impairment. …”
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