Transforaminal Endoscopic Thoracic Discectomy Is More Cost-Effective Than Microdiscectomy for Symptomatic Disc Herniations by Junseok Bae, Pratyush Shahi, Sang-Ho Lee, Han-Joong Keum, Ju-Wan Seok, Yong-Soo Choi, Jin-Sung Kim

“…Cost analysis included direct costs (primary and secondary hospital costs), indirect costs (lost wages due to work absence), total costs (direct + indirect), and cost-effectiveness (cost per quality-adjusted life year [QALY] and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio [ICER]). …”
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Are community health workers effective in retaining women in the maternity care continuum? Evidence from India by Kavita Singh, James Thomas, Smisha Agarwal, Sian Curtis, Gusavo Angeles, Ilene Speizer

“…However, exposure to ASHA does not increase the likelihood of women utilising all the services along the continuum.Conclusions While ASHA is effective in supporting women to initiate and continue care along the continuum, it does not significantly affect the completion of all services along the continuum.…”
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TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS’S DECOMPENSATED FORM: ON THE PROBLEM OF EFFECTIVE PHARMACOTHERAPY IN REAL CLINICAL PRACTICE by A. V. Safronenko, E. V. Gantsgorn, E. A. Sanina, M. A. Khachumova, S. O. Panenko, I. I. Kuznetsov, A. A. Kivva, V. I. Polyakova

“…The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the pharmacotherapy regimens of the decompensated form of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and to evaluate its effectiveness, its compliance with clinical recommendations.Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of 54 medical cards of patients with decompensated DM2 was conducted. …”
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Features of the Concrete Structure of the Structural Element Made by Additive Technology by O. V. Kabantsev, A. V. Karlin

“…The results obtained can be used in the development of methods for experimental studies of effective mechanical characteristics of concrete, as well as in studies to determine the coefficients of concrete working conditions in structures made using additive technology.…”
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Treatment Methods for Knee Osteoarthritis - A Literature Review by Oskar Tudaj, Krzysztof Sajewicz, Aleksandra Mazur, Mikołaj Kaczmarek, Wiktoria Grochowska, Adrianna Dylik, Julia Kalisiak, Wiktoria Kalas, Paulina Strzałkowska, Julia Dulęba

“…Its aim is to highlight their indications, mechanisms of action and effectiveness. Material and methods: The PubMed database was used to gather information on knee osteoarthritis and its treatment methods. …”
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Canine papillomavirus: status of diagnostic methods and vaccine innovations by Yuan Feng, Kaixin Wang, Dan Zhou, Youqing Yuan, Yingyi Chen, Jixian Wang, Haojie Sun, Xiaojiu Huang, Xiaoye Peng, Yi Yang, Deyong Duan, Aibing Wang

“…This highlights the need for early, accurate diagnosis, alongside preventive vaccination, to manage the disease effectively. Diagnostic methods leverage CPV’s unique characteristics, including histopathology with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining for assessing neoplastic tissue growth and cytopathy, molecular techniques like polymerase chain reaction (PCR), rolling circle amplification (RCA), DNA in situ hybridization (ISH), and next-generation sequencing (NGS) for detecting CPV genomic DNA, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for identifying viral antigen such as the L1 protein, as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for visualizing viral particles in lesions. …”
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Effective disinfecting of negative pressure pipelines of DCUs reduces the risk of cross infection in dental care by Xuerong Lv, Ke Yan, Xiang Han, Feiyang Wang, Yuzhuo Ma, Shougang Zhang, Xiaoqian Wang

“…In this study, we aim to find an effective disinfectant and a cost-effective method to remove bacterioplankton and bacterial biofilm deposited in the negative pressure suction pipelines to control cross infection during dental treatment.Methods Double-chain quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant (Orotol Plus®), 3% hydrogen peroxide solution plus multi-enzyme cleaning agent and chlorine disinfectant are used to clean and disinfect the negative pressure pipelines of DCUs. …”
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Copper-Based Nanoparticles for Effective Treatment Against Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury in Mice Model by Li JM, Zhang L, Pei SL, Guo L, Shen HL, He J, Guo YY, Zhang WQ, Lin F

“…In vitro experiments were conducted to determine the biologically effective concentration and elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of action. …”
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Is Ex Vivo Training before In Vivo Training Effective in Learning Gastric Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection? by Gyu Young Pih, Jung Su Lee, Ji Yong Ahn, Do Hoon Kim, Hee Kyong Na, Jeong Hoon Lee, Kee Wook Jung, Kee Don Choi, Ho June Song, Gin Hyug Lee, Hwoon-Yong Jung

“…An advanced simulator or sufficient ex vivo training may be effective in training for the ESD procedure.…”
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Impact of effective connectivity within the Papez circuit on episodic memory: moderation by perivascular space function by Ling-Ling Li, Jie Ma, Jia-Jia Wu, Xin Xue, Mou-Xiong Zheng, Xu-Yun Hua, Qi-Hao Guo, Jian-Guang Xu

“…Therefore, this study aims to (1) investigate alterations in the effective connectivity of the Papez circuit and PVS function in patients with aMCI and (2) explore the role of PVS function between the effective connectivity of the Papez circuit and episodic memory. …”
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The UK consensus supporting effective introduction of novel treatments for multiple myeloma in the National Health Service by Rakesh Popat, Supratik Basu, Sarah Henshaw, Kamaraj Karunanithi, Karthik Ramasamy, Inderjit Singh, Anish Tailor, Ian Walker, Tim Warren, Noreen Ali, Charles Duffield, Gordon Cook

“…Methods The process employed a modified Delphi methodology. …”
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Navigation and non-navigation CT scan of the sinuses: comparison of the effective doses of radiation in children and adults by Noémie Villemure-Poliquin, Mario Chrétien, Jacques E. Leclerc

“…The effective dose of radiation was calculated in mSv for all exams. …”
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Inflammation, muscle health and aging: Calf circumference as a cost-effective diagnostic indicator of Sarcopenia by Sharon P Rose, Anju Srinivas, Akila Prashant, Prathiba Periera, Suma M Nataraj, Kusuma K Shivashankar

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Large momentum EFT and lightcone quantization by Hongbin Chen, A. Liam Fitzpatrick, Emanuel Katz, Yuan Xin

“…Abstract We develop methods for computing the effective action at infinite momentum for 1 + 1d QFTs at finite volume which do not rely on the theory having a Lagrangian description. …”
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Modeling methods and model for flow-based IP network by WANG Ying, MENG Luo-ming, QIU Xue-song, WANG Zhi-li

“…The management information modeling methods of IP network was studied based on the concept of "flow", which describes the connectionless characteristics of IP network. …”
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Comparison of contact tracing methods: A modelling study by Joanna X.R. Tan, Lalitha Kurupatham, Zubaidah Said, Jeremy Chan, Kelvin Bryan Tan, Marc Ho, Vernon Lee, Alex R. Cook

“…Results: Model simulations showed that the effectiveness of contact tracing methods varied under the four different scenarios. …”
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Stochastic population models to identify optimal and cost‐effective harvest strategies for feral pig eradication by Peter W. Hamnett, Frédérik Saltré, Brad Page, Myall Tarran, Matt Korcz, Kate Fielder, Lindell Andrews, Corey J. A. Bradshaw

“…Few interventions have been guided by population models to identify harvest intensity necessary to achieve eradication within a specified time frame, nor have they applied data on control effort and costs to evaluate the relative cost‐effectiveness of proposed control strategies. We used effort and cost data from a feral pig‐control program on Kangaroo Island, South Australia, over 17 months to derive functional‐response relationships between control effort (in hours per pig) and pig abundance for four control methods: (1) ground‐based shooting, (2) trapping with remote triggers, (3) poison baiting, and (4) thermal‐assisted aerial culling. …”
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Combined Mulberry Leaf Polysaccharide-Caged Liposomes for Effective Oral Drug Delivery in Rat Model by Chen X, Zhou H, Chua An Wen A, Wang S, Zhang L, Yang H, Mao Y, Jia J, Wang D, Wang J, Cao Z, Xu B, Xu Y, Shen Y, Zhang W, Zheng Y

“…To address this issue, a novel drug-caged liposomes (MLP-CL) was developed to enhance oral delivery efficiency of MLP compared to conventional drug-encapsulated liposomes (MLP-L).Methods: MLP-L and MLP-CL were prepared by the thin-film hydration method. …”
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Dellon Decompression Using WALANT: A Safe and Effective Approach for Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease by Sofija Tusheva, Gordana Georgieva, Blagoja Srbov, Savetka Paljoskovska Jordanova, Katerina Jovanovska, Stefania Azmanova Mladenovska, Muamet Memeti, Darko Aleksovski, Biljana Mileska Krzhaloska, Sofija Pejkova

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Effective Control of <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis in Poultry by Dietary Supplementation with Microencapsulated Essential Oils by Heitor Leocádio de Souza Rodrigues, Valdinete Pereira Benevides, Isis Mari Miyashiro Kolososki, Mauro M. S. Saraiva, Nayla Pádua Del Bianco Gontijo Souki, Tarley Araújo Barros, André Luis Costa Rabelo, Viviane Amorim Ferreira, Melissa Freitas Feitosa Dix, Adriana Maria Almeida, Cesar Augusto Roque-Borda, Angelo Berchieri Junior

“…</i> Enteritidis and to characterize potential synergistic or antagonistic interactions between the oils. <b>Methods</b>: To achieve this, the oils were first assessed through Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), and Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) assays, and the most effective ones against <i>S</i>. …”
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