Silicon mitigates the adverse effects of drought on Lolium perenne physiological, morphometric and anatomical characters by Grażyna Mastalerczuk, Barbara Borawska-Jarmułowicz, Marzena Sujkowska-Rybkowska, Magdalena Bederska-Błaszczyk, Wojciech Borucki, Piotr Dąbrowski

“…These adverse impacts were reflected in decreased biomass-related traits: shoot number, shoots and roots biomass, as well as area and length of roots. …”
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Habitats, Plant Diversity, Morphology, Anatomy, and Molecular Phylogeny of <i>Xylosalsola chiwensis</i> (Popov) Akhani & Roalson by Anastassiya Islamgulova, Bektemir Osmonali, Mikhail Skaptsov, Anastassiya Koltunova, Valeriya Permitina, Azhar Imanalinova

“…The moderate photosynthetic activity, reflected by a thinner palisade mesophyll layer, may be associated with reduced photosynthetic intensity, which is compensated for through structural mechanisms for water conservation. …”
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Basking sharks of the Arctic Circle: year-long, high-resolution tracking data reveal wide thermal range and prey-driven vertical movements across habitats by C. Antonia Klöcker, Otte Bjelland, Keno Ferter, Martin C. Arostegui, Camrin D. Braun, Ivo da Costa, Tiago Cidade, Nuno Queiroz, David W. Sims, Claudia Junge

“…With zooplankton distributions being structured by ambient light, density gradients, and local topography, the alignment of frequented depths with isolumes, mixed layer depths, bathymetric contours, and bioluminescence events suggests these sharks actively track prey layers across diverse habitats. …”
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Evaluating spectral cloud effective radius retrievals from the Enhanced MODIS Airborne Simulator (eMAS) during ORACLES by K. Meyer, S. Platnick, G. T. Arnold, G. T. Arnold, N. Amarasinghe, N. Amarasinghe, D. Miller, D. Miller, J. Small-Griswold, M. Witte, B. Cairns, S. Gupta, G. McFarquhar, J. O'Brien

“…CER and CEV inferred from eMAS spectral reflectance observations of the backscatter glory provide additional context for the spectral CER retrievals. …”
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Volumetric evolution of supraglacial lakes in southwestern Greenland using ICESat-2 and Sentinel-2 by T. Feng, T. Feng, X. Ma, X. Ma, X. Liu, X. Liu, X. Liu

“…Second, the depth of SGLs along the ICESat-2 profile is detected using the kernel density analysis method. Finally, a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) model constructs the nonlinear relationship between the reflectance ratio from Sentinel-2 imagery and the depth of SGLs detected by ICESat-2 data. …”
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Palynostratigraphy of the Shemshak and Dalichai formations boundary, north of Semnan and its paleogeographic significance by Fereshteh Sajjadi, Firoozeh Hashemi Yazdi, Mohaddeseh Maleki

“…Based on the stratigraphic distribution of miospores, the Klukisporites variegatus-Striatella spp.…”
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Research on the Impact of Mountain-Valley Wind on Topographic Precipitation in the Ili River Valley Based on GPM Observations by Zhimin WANG, Wanyue FENG, Jing YANG, Yuanyuan LI, Hui WANG, Yapeng FU

“…Studying the impact of valley winds on terrain precipitation is crucial for gaining a deeper understanding of the mechanism of precipitation formation under complex terrain conditions.Based on GPM/DPR data from 2014 to 2021， the connected domain method was used to identify the summer terrain precipitation system in the Ili River Valley.Combined with the 10 m surface wind data from ERA5， the precipitation process was divided into valley wind type and mountain wind type.The spatiotemporal distribution， vertical structure， and macro and micro characteristics of precipitation in these two types of "trumpet mouth" terrain were compared and analyzed.The results show that valley wind precipitation is concentrated on the windward slopes of the southern and eastern foothills of the valley， with the precipitation period mainly from noon to evening （12:00 -20:00 Beijing time， same as after）.Mountain wind precipitation is more abundant in the valley plain， with more precipitation occurring from night to morning （01:00 -06:00）.The average wind speed of valley wind （0.79 m·s-1） is 6.8% higher than that of mountain wind （0.74 m·s-1）.The average near surface precipitation rate （R） and rain top height （STH） of valley wind and mountain wind precipitation are 1.32 mm·h-1， respectively 1.15 mm·h-1， 5.90 km， 5.72 km， statistics show a positive correlation between STH and R； Under the influence of uphill winds， the R， STH， mass weighted average diameter （Dm）， and particle number concentration （dBNw） of valley wind precipitation increase under the influence of terrain uplift， reaching a maximum at an altitude of 2 -3 km.The upwelling airflow formed on the windward slope promotes the condensation and coalescence of cloud droplets into raindrops； The average dBNw of valley wind precipitation （33.5） is nearly 3% smaller than that of mountain wind precipitation （34.5）， while the average Dm of the former （1.63 mm） is 18.1% larger than that of the latter （1.38 mm）.Due to the lower radar reflectivity factor of mountain winds compared to valley winds in the liquid phase region below 0 ℃， when raindrops descend to the dry layer near the ground， the large droplets break and evaporate， resulting in more dBNw and smaller Dm.Valley winds affect the macroscopic structure and microphysical processes of terrain precipitation.In future research on identifying the potential of terrain cloud artificial precipitation enhancement and numerical simulation of fine structure of precipitation in mountainous areas， attention should be paid to the role and dynamic mechanism of valley winds.…”
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Monitoring the Landscape Changes Applying Gradient Analysis Case Study (County Behbehan) by Mir Mehrdad Mirsanjari, Fatemeh Mohammadyari

“…The results of landscape metrics based on the items show that the distribution of land in 2014, distribution of agricultural and residential land, especially land, has more distribution levels; Behbehan is the county landscape. …”
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Development of Level 2 aerosol and surface products from cross-track scanning polarimeter POSP on board the GF-5(02) satellite by C. Chen, X. Lei, Z. Liu, H. Gu, O. Dubovik, P. Litvinov, D. Fuertes, Y. Cao, Y. Cao, H. Yu, H. Yu, G. Xiang, B. Meng, Z. Qiu, X. Sun, J. Hong, Z. Li

“…Moreover, the developed POSP product includes not only total aerosol optical depth (AOD) but also detailed properties of aerosols (aerosol size, absorption, layer height, type, etc.), along with full-surface bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), bidirectional polarization distribution function (BPDF), black-sky albedo, white-sky albedo, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). …”
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Experimental Research and Numerical Analysis on Fire Resistance of Prefabricated Concrete Composite Beams by LIU Yanchun, SUN Shuqi, LIU Caiwei, WANG Pengfei, LU Xiuliang, MAO Jiayuan, MIAO Jijun

“…The results indicated that the temperature distribution calculated by numerical simulation accurately reflects the actual temperature distribution of the cross-section. …”
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Research on the charging periods of the ultra-shallow play in front of the Hashan area, northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin by WANG Qianjun, ZHOU Jian, ZHANG Faqiang, YU Hongzhou, WU Qianqian, LU Hongli, LIU Qingxin, ZHOU Yu, CHENG Ming, YAN Jianzhao, LYU Yanfang

“…Objective  The Hala’alat Mountain front-overthrust belt, renowned for its abundant hydrocarbon resources, is characterized by multi-layer oil-bearing systems and intricate source-reservoir relationships. …”
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Secrecy Analysis of &#x03B1;-Beaulieu-Xie Fading Channel Under Selection Combining Diversity by S. Pratap Singh, Arun Prakash Agrawal, Kanwarpreet Kaur, Amit Kumar, Kulbir Singh, Ghanshyam Singh

“…This research presents various measures of physical layer security over <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Beaulieu-Xie fading channel under the Selection Combining (SC) diversity scheme. …”
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Palynofacies and Sporomorph EcoGroups-based paleoecology implications for the Dalichai Formation, Andariyeh, central Alborz by Firoozeh Hashemi Yazdi, Neda Bashiri, fereshteh sajjadi

“…Due to presence of shale and marl layers, this formation has been the subject of many palynological studies.…”
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Rough-and-Refine Model for Scene Graph Generation by Li Junliang, Lv Shirong, Li Wei

“…R@K reflects the overall recall rate of the model on the dataset, measuring whether the top-k predicted triplets can be found among the true labeled triplets. …”
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Monitoring Soil Salinity and Vegetation Using Multispectral Remote Sensing Data in Interceptor Drain of Salt Marsh in Qazvin Plain by Afshin Uossef Gomrokchi, Mehdi Akbari, Mehdi Akbari, Mahdi Younesi

“…In this regard, it is important to obtain information about soil salinity and vegetation, such as their amount and distribution. The use of satellite data enables extensive study of soil salinity and vegetation. …”
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Two-Stage Analysis on Models for Quantitative Differentiation of Early-Pathological Bladder States by Nina Kalyagina, Tatiana Savelieva, Walter Blondel, Christian Daul, Didier Wolf, Victor Loschenov

“…A mathematical simulation method was developed for visualization of the diffuse reflected light on a surface of 3-layered models of urinary bladder wall. …”
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Influence of low-energy electron bombardment on the composition and structure of the gallium phosphide surface by Donaev Sardor, Shirinov Ganjimurod, Umirzakov Baltokhodja, Loboda Vera

“…In the paper, the patterns of changes in the composition and structure of the surface layers of GaP(111) in bombardment by electrons with energies from 3 to 10 keV and doses in the range 1017 – 1020 cm–2 have been studied using the method of Auger electron spectroscopy and recording the angular dependence of the electron inelastic reflection coefficient. …”
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Nanoscale cuticle mass density variations influenced by pigmentation in butterfly wing scales by Deepan Balakrishnan, Anupama Prakash, Benedikt J. Daurer, Cédric Finet, Ying Chen Lim, Zhou Shen, Pierre Thibault, Antónia Monteiro, N. Duane Loh

“…Abstract How pigment distribution influences the cuticle density within a microscopic butterfly wing scale, and how both impact each scale’s final reflected color, remains unknown. …”
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Tomography Method of Cemented Sand Based on Constant Gradient Coded 1D T2 Spectrum by WU Turong, CHEN Jinding, ZHANG Qun, ZHAO Xichun, GUO Minling, CHENG Fanggui

“…In the oil-saturated state, the difference between T2 spectrum layers reflects the influence of diagenesis. The heat change of the image in the high saturation stage mainly reflects the displace pattern of low capillary force controlled free oil. …”
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Plasmon-exciton strong coupling in an organic material by Imane Hamideddine, Noureddine Ben Afkir, Siham Refki, Shinji Hayashi, Zouheir Sekkat

“…The data obtained from our experiments, i.e. from reflectometry and absorption and dielectric dispersion, was used to perform rigorous electromagnetic calculations and finite difference time domaine numerical simulations of reflectivity and electric field distribution at the layers. …”
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