IMC growth mechanism of Sn58Bi/Cu solder joints and its effect on the coarsening of the Bi phase by Min Shang, Chenyu Li, Yanchen Wang, Xiangxu Chen, Yuanbang Zhao, Jingli Ke, Yunpeng Wang, Haitao Ma, Jun Chen

“…In the use of Sn58Bi solder alloy, the abnormal enrichment and coarsening of Bi phase in solder joints and the excessive growth of IMC seriously affect its service reliability, among which, the IMC's reaction mechanism and evolution, the influence on the coarsening of the Bi phase within the solder and the coarsening process are not yet clear. The study found that the initial type and morphology evolution of IMC of Sn58Bi/Cu solder joint are influenced by soldering temperature and cooling rate, attributed to the differences in dissolution and diffusion of Cu in Sn58Bi, resulting in different initial appearances of Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn; The temperature and cooling rate affect whether Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn are directly generated by the reaction of Cu atoms in the substrate or appear through the consumption of Cu3Sn or Cu6Sn5; The cooling rate affects the IMC morphology evolution of top-view; Based on this, it was cleared that Sn58Bi/Cu solder joints follow four interfacial reaction mechanisms. …”
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Characterization of the tribologically relevant cover layers formed on copper in oxygen and oxygen-free conditions by Selina Raumel, Khemais Barienti, Hoang-Thien Luu, Nina Merkert, Folke Dencker, Florian Nürnberger, Hans Jürgen Maier, Marc Christopher Wurz

“…In addition, the relevant diffusion processes were identified using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.…”
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Response of Water-Sediment Structure to Three-dimensional Baroclinic Effects in Yangtze River Estuary by ZHU Xian-bo, LU Chuan-teng, LUO Xiao-feng, ZHANG Gong-jin

“…[Methods] An advanced three-dimensional high-resolution coupled mathematical model of hydrodynamics-sediment-salinity was established to accurately represent the complex topography, tidal forcing, runoff input, and salt-freshwater mixing processes in the North Passage of the Yangtze River Estuary. …”
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Kinetics of Sphalerite Leaching by MnO₂-KI Oxidation System in Sulfuric Acid by Mladen Bugarčić, Aleksandar Jovanović, Dimitrije Anđić, Ivana Jelić, Milica Miletić, Branislav Marković, Miroslav Sokić

“…The results demonstrated that for the MnO₂-KI system, a zinc leaching degree of 89.78% was achieved after 3 h of leaching at 80 °C, and kinetic studies indicated that the leaching process is diffusion-controlled (through the thin film), with an activation energy of 27.65 kJ mol⁻¹. …”
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Law, Contestation, and Power in the Global Political Economy: An Introduction. by Edward S. Cohen, A. Claire Cutler

“…Over the past two decades, scholars have noted the expanding role of law, legal institutions, and legal agents that have been part of the process of “globalization,” and have employed a number of frameworks to make sense of this process of legalization. …”
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Conception et validation d’un modèle d’analyse et de suivi pour l’élaboration d’une politique énergétique durable et acceptable : une étude comparative France-Québec sur l’énergie... by Évariste Feurtey, Carol Saucier, Adrian Ilinca, Anas Sakout

“…The level of political commitment toward wind energy can be measured by the level and stability of financial and regulatory instruments, which are two key elements of the diffusion process of projects or technology: They must be both simultaneously adequate and stable in the medium term in order to reach a sufficient market size in volume, able to catalyze the development of a domestic industrial sector. …”
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Enhanced removal of Pb2+ from aqueous solutions by iron/manganese binary oxide loaded on Eichhornia crassipes stem biochar by Nguyen Xuan Loc, Tran Tan Bao, Phan Thi Thanh Tuyen, Lang Hiep Phong, Do Thi My Phuong

“…The adsorption behavior of Pb2+ on Fe-Mn@BC was well-described by the pseudo second-order kinetic and Freundlich models. This process involved a heterogeneous multilayer mechanism that was both spontaneous and endothermic. …”
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New functionalized magnetite chitosan–heterocyclic nanocomposites excelling in Cd2+ removal from aqueous solution with biological activity by Safaa R. Fouda, Asmaa Abuessawy, Adel A.-H. Abdel-Rahman, Hagar S.El-Hema, Mohamed N. Eisa, Mohamed A. Hawata

“…The thermodynamic analysis of these samples shows that the sorption process was exothermic (negative ∆H°) − 15.148, − 13.60, − 13.18, − 18.163, − 16.820, and − 16.06 kJmol−1, respectively. …”
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Experimental Observation and Validation of EV Model for Real Driving Behavior by Antonio Covello, Andrea Di Martino, Michela Longo

“…An important switch is involving transportation sector, responsible for 16% of global emissions produced, where the electrification process is converting the private mobility to the use of more sustainable electric vehicles. …”
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Assessing Environmental Policy Impact on Green Innovation Adoption in Pakistan: Role of Financial Incentives and Disincentives as Mediators by Aqib Javed, Gao Liang, Faheem Muneer

“…Therefore, the intervention of financial mechanisms in the adoption process was deemed inevitable to enhance its effectiveness. …”
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Methyl Orange Adsorption Using Chitosan-Based Composite Aerogels Produced by Supercritical Gel Drying by Alessandra Zanotti, Lucia Baldino, Stefano Cardea, Ernesto Reverchon

“…It was highlighted that the difference in the performance between the two adsorbents was non-negligible only at high concentrations: processing a 100 ppm MO solution, q_eq is 59 mg/g and 28 mg/g for CH-GO and CH, respectively. …”
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Numerical Simulation of Flood Evolution in Pangtoupao Flood Storage Area Based on Two-Dimensional Shallow Water Equation by SUN Zhenyu, ZHOU Yunhao, ZHANG Qinxu, QIN Mengen, ZHANG Mingliang

“…The model used a limiter to reduce the diffusion and oscillation of second-order precision values. …”
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Compression induced crystal-to-glass transition in soft colloidal solids by Chen Li, Yang Xiunan, Yang Mingcheng, Wang Chenhong, Chen Ke

“…Different from typical order-to-disorder transitions such as melting, where the underlying mechanism involves the diffusion of defects, the disordered phase in the crystal-to-glass transition grows via a nucleation process. …”
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Modelling of Hg Removal from Gaseous Streams and its Fixation in Hydroxyapatite-Based Adsorbents Modified with Copper Sulphide by C.L.M. Camargo, A.G. Oliveira, N.S. Resende, E.C. Biscaia, A.R. Secchi, F.W. Tavares, V.M.M. Salim

“…Advective and diffusive processes were taken into account in the macroscopic mass balance along the bed, and diffusive process was considered in the microscopic mass balance inside the adsorbent particle in which the adsorption process occurs. …”
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Research progress in the preparation and application of h-BN containing ceramics by Xusheng LIU, Xuekun TIAN, Zhenyi ZHAO, Donghong YAN, Tianpei YIN, Jinhua LIU, Xinmei HOU, Xinhong LIU

“…Efforts should aim to optimize sintering processes and reduce time requirements while emphasizing critical role of h-BN in next-generation high-performance materials. …”
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Research Progress on Evaluating the Effectiveness and Safety of Transdermal Absorption of Cosmetics by Meixuan Wang, Lu Zhang, Linxin Zheng, Jiayuan Shi, Hongxin Gao, Congfen He, Liya Song

“…Transdermal absorption refers to the process in which active ingredients enter the epidermis, dermis, and other parts of the skin through the skin barrier and exert their effects. …”
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Cerium occurs as cerium-phosphate clusters around bioapatite nanocrystals in deep-sea sediments by Alain Manceau, Anne-Claire Gaillot, Jianlin Liao, Yan Li, Olivier Mathon, Kirill A. Lomachenko, Pieter Glatzel, Alexandre Simionovici, Mélanie Balvay, Sophie A. L. Paul, Andrea Koschinsky, Stephan N. Steinmann

“…After fish die, biogenic apatite captures rare earth elements from seawater on the seafloor and from pore waters during the diagenesis process. The conventional model for rare earth element enrichment suggests that they are incorporated into the bioapatite crystal structure through solid-state diffusion. …”
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Investigation of geometric modifications in T-type micromixers for enhanced microfluidic mixing and ZIF-8 synthesis by Tao Peng, Jinghao Liang, Xueling Zhang, Lei Chen, Yanlin Chen, Jun Qiang, Shuai Yuan

“…Adequate mixing in microfluidic devices is essential for chemical and biological processes but is often limited by laminar flow conditions with diffusion-dominated mechanisms. …”
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Applying the Adomian Method to Solve the Fokker–Planck Equation: A Case Study in Astrophysics by Melina Silva de Lima, José Vicente Cardoso Santos, José Humberto de Souza Prates, Celso Barreto Silva, Davidson Moreira, Marcelo A. Moret

“…Adjustments in the parameter α (related to the order of fractional temporal derivation) reveal the extent of the memory effect, strongly correlating with fractal properties in the diffusive process. Extending this research to other XRBs is both possible and recommended to generalize the characteristics of X-ray scattering and electromagnetic waves at different frequencies originating from similar astronomical objects.…”
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From Structure to Function: The Promise of PAMAM Dendrimers in Biomedical Applications by Said Alamos-Musre, Daniel Beltrán-Chacana, Juan Moyano, Valeria Márquez-Miranda, Yorley Duarte, Sebastián Miranda-Rojas, Yusser Olguín, Juan A. Fuentes, Danilo González-Nilo, María Carolina Otero

“…This review offers a comprehensive synthesis of the current literature on the diverse cellular internalization pathways of PAMAM dendrimers and their cargo molecules, emphasizing the mechanisms of entry, intracellular trafficking, and factors influencing these processes.…”
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