Comparison of Directional and Diffused Lighting for Pixel-Level Segmentation of Concrete Cracks by Hamish Dow, Marcus Perry, Jack McAlorum, Sanjeetha Pennada

“…This method was benchmarked against two diffused lighting crack detection techniques across a dataset with crack widths typically ranging from 0.07 mm to 0.4 mm. …”
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Enhancing needle puncture detection using high-pass filtering and diffuse reflectance by Rachael L’Orsa, Rachael L’Orsa, Rachael L’Orsa, Rachael L’Orsa, Anupam Bisht, Linhui Yu, Kartikeya Murari, Kartikeya Murari, Kartikeya Murari, Garnette R. Sutherland, Garnette R. Sutherland, David T. Westwick, Katherine J. Kuchenbecker

“…Instrumented needles could help operators more reliably identify when the tool has entered the target space.MethodsThis paper investigates technical approaches to provide such support; we created an experimental system that acquires needle force and position signals, as well as the diffuse backscattered reflectance from white light carried to and collected from the needle’s tip via two in-bore optical fibers. …”
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Rw-Dm: Retinex and wavelet-based diffusion model for low-light image enhancement in underground coal mines by Yadong Li, Jun Tian, Yang Chen, Hongdong Wang, Hui Yan, Yang Peng, Tianjiao Wang

“…This methodology harnesses the generative capabilities of diffusion models to produce visually appealing outcomes in the enhancement of low-light images. …”
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Using Lyα Absorption to Measure the Intensity and Variability of z ∼ 2.4 Ultraviolet Background Light by Laurel H. Weiss, Karl Gebhardt, Dustin Davis, Erin Mentuch Cooper, Maja Lujan Niemeyer, Mahdi Qezlou, Mahan Mirza Khanlari, Robin Ciardullo, Daniel Farrow, Eric Gawiser, Simon Gazagnes, Caryl Gronwall, Gary J. Hill, Donald P. Schneider

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The neuropathological basis of elevated serum neurofilament light following experimental concussion by John D. Arena, Douglas H. Smith, Ramon Diaz Arrastia, D. Kacy Cullen, Rui Xiao, Jiaxin Fan, Danielle C. Harris, Cillian E. Lynch, Victoria E. Johnson

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A lightweight remote sensing image detection model with feature aggregation diffusion network by Xiaohui Cheng, Xukun Wang, Yun Deng, Qiu Lu, Yanping Kang, Jian Tang, Yuanyuan Shi, Junyu Zhao

“…To address this, we propose LightFAD-YOLO, a lightweight model integrating feature aggregation diffusion for multi-scale context propagation, enhancing small object detection in complex scenes. …”
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Driver Drowsiness Detection Using Swin Transformer and Diffusion Models for Robust Image Denoising by Samy Abd El-Nabi, Ahmed F. Ibrahim, El-Sayed M. El-Rabaie, Osama F. Hassan, Naglaa F. Soliman, Khalil F. Ramadan, Walid El-Shafai

“…This study presents a robust and scalable driver drowsiness detection framework that integrates a Swin Transformer-based deep learning model with a diffusion model for image denoising. …”
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Generative Diffusion Models for Compressed Sensing of Satellite LiDAR Data: Evaluating Image Quality Metrics in Forest Landscape Reconstruction by Andres Ramirez-Jaime, Gonzalo R. Arce, Nestor Porras-Diaz, Oleg Ieremeiev, Andrii Rubel, Vladimir Lukin, Mateusz Kopytek, Piotr Lech, Jarosław Fastowicz, Krzysztof Okarma

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Prospects for Detecting Cosmic Filaments in Lyα Emission across Redshifts z = 2–5 by Yizhou Liu, Liang Gao, Shihong Liao, Kai Zhu

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Tensor-valued diffusion MRI detects brain microstructural abnormalities in HIV infected individuals with cognitive impairment by Md Nasir Uddin, Meera V. Singh, Abrar Faiyaz, Filip Szczepankiewicz, Markus Nilsson, Zachary D. Boodoo, Karli R. Sutton, Madalina E. Tivarus, Jianhui Zhong, Lu Wang, Xing Qiu, Miriam T. Weber, Giovanni Schifitto

“…However, quantitative neuroimaging may be able to detect ongoing subtle microstructural changes. In this study, we hypothesized that tensor-valued diffusion encoding metrics would provide greater sensitivity than conventional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics in detecting HIV-associated brain microstructural injury. …”
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Investigating the Application of Pomegranate-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles as Contrast Agents for Enhancing Breast Cancer Detection via Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy by Hala S. Abuelmakarem, Mohamed Aly Saad Aly, Shaza H. Aly, Sodfa Ayman, Muhammad Shamim Al Mamun, Omnia Hamdy

“…The present cancer diagnostic techniques and contrast agents suffer drawbacks, adverse effects, and poor compatibility with patients due to health variations. To improve the detection of breast cancer, this work examined and contrasted the prospective applications of pomegranates, chitosan nanoparticles (Cs NPs), and pomegranate-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (PCs NPs) as contrast agents for breast cancer, based on the diffuse reflectance properties at the following laser frequencies: red (670 nm) and near-infrared (700 and 808 nm) spectrum. …”
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SSCD-YOLO: Semi-Supervised Cross-Domain YOLOv8 for Pedestrian Detection in Low-Light Conditions by Fangliang Cao, Kai Yan, Hongliang Chen, Zhen Wang, Yunliang Du, Zekang Zheng, Kefan Li, Baozhu Qi, Mingjia Wang

“…To mitigate the domain differences between infrared and visible light images and address the challenges of data annotation and poor pedestrian detection performance in low-light environments, we propose a semi-supervised cross-domain YOLOv8 pedestrian detection model SSCD-YOLO for low-light environments. …”
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Towards Non-Contact Glucose Sensing in Aqueous Turbid Medium at ∼1.1 Meters Distance by Daqing Piao, John O'Hara, Satish Bukkapatnam, Sabit Ekin

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RGB-T Object Detection With Failure Scenarios by Qingwang Wang, Yuxuan Sun, Yongke Chi, Tao Shen

“…Currently, RGB-thermal (RGB-T) object detection algorithms have demonstrated excellent performance, but issues such as modality failure caused by fog, strong light, sensor damage, and other conditions can significantly impact the detector's performance. …”
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Light scattering-based screening method for rapid evaluating antibiotic effects on bacteria using laser speckle imaging by Donghyeok Kim, Seongjoon Moon, Jongseo Lee, Kyoungman Cho, Changhan Lee, Jonghee Yoon

“…The antibiotic disk diffusion method (Kirby–Bauer test) is the most widely used growth-based technique for assessing bacterial susceptibility due to its simplicity and reliability. …”
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Three-Dimensional Surface Reconstruction for Specular/Diffuse Composite Surfaces by Chung-Hsuan Huang, Ssu-Chia He, Tsung-Yu Chen, Chau-Jern Cheng, Han-Yen Tu

“…To address this issue, the proposed technique integrates digital holography into the fringe projection setup, enabling the simultaneous capture of both specular and diffuse reflected light in the same optical path for full-field surface profilometry. …”
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Three-dimensional Measurement of Specular Surfaces Based on the Light Field by Panyu Zhou, Lingbao Kong, Xiang Sun, Min Xu

“…Although light field measuring system (LFMS) can quickly detect nontransparent surfaces, specular light affects the overall measurement result. …”
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Optimization of Dust Spray Parameters for Simulated LiDAR Sensor Contamination in Autonomous Vehicles Using a Face-Centered Composite Design by Sungho Son, Hyunmi Lee, Jiwoong Yang, Jungki Lee, Jeongah Jang, Charyung Kim, Joonho Jun, Hyungwon Park, Sunyoung Park, Woongsu Lee

“…Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) provides three-dimensional environmental information that is critical for maintaining the safety and reliability of autonomous driving systems. …”
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Quantitative Evaluation by Glucose Diffusion of Microleakage in Aged Calcium Silicate-Based Open-Sandwich Restorations by S. Koubi, H. Elmerini, G. Koubi, H. Tassery, J. Camps

“…After 1 year, the teeth were submitted to glucose diffusion, and the resulting data were analyzed with a nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. …”
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Mixed gain detector configurations for time-resolved X-ray solution scattering by Morten Lunn Haubro, Joseph Pon, Philip Adam Hart, Kristoffer Haldrup, Tim Brandt van Driel

“…X-ray detection at X-ray free-electron lasers is challenging in part due to the XFEL's extremely short and intense X-ray pulses. …”
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