Effect of annealing on the elastic properties of copper thin films via laser ultrasonics by Yun Young Kim

“…Cu films with thicknesses ranging from 70 nm to 300 nm were prepared using a direct current magnetron sputter and heat-treated at 450 °C. The Young’s moduli of films were estimated from the analysis of the dispersive wave propagation behavior using the Transfer Matrix method. …”
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Synthesis and Characterization of Ti—MCM-41-Type Mesoporous Molecular Sieves with High Titanium Contents by A.S. Kovalenko, A.S. Korchev, J.V. Chernenko, V.G. Il'in, A.P. Filippov

“…The structure/sorption properties of the materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction methods and by the adsorption of n-hexane and water vapour. …”
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Structural and mechanical properties of cellulose acetate/graphene hybrid nanofibers: Spectroscopic investigations by B. S. Kim, I. S. Kim, K. Zeeshan, K. Fujimori, M. Gopiraman

“…The crystal structures and morphologies of the resultant hybrid nanofibers were investigated by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. …”
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CO Adsorption on Modified Mg–Al-Layered Double Hydroxides by T.C.M. Dantas, V.J. Fernandes Junior, A.P.B. dos Santos, F.A. Bezerra, A.S. Araujo, A.P.M. Alves

“…After the synthesis, the materials were treated with a template to expand the layers. The samples were then characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis/derivative thermogravimetry, adsorption/desorption of nitrogen, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. …”
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Isolation of phosphorus-dissolving bacteria from Shaozhai mine and their solubilization of available phosphorus and available silica in coal gangue by Dan LIU, Wensheng SHEN, Deliang FU, Gang ZHENG, Nussipov DAMIR, Tastambek KUANYSH, Xiangrong LIU

“…XK2 treatment, and the FTIR analysis showed that the gangue treated by the Bacillus sp. XK2 treatment contained Si—O—Si (473 cm−1), Si—O—Al (537 cm−1), Al—OH (908 cm−1) and Si—O (1030 cm−1) absorption peaks were weakened, indicating that the insoluble silica-aluminate was decomposed; XRD analysis showed that the diffraction peaks of phosphorus-containing minerals trilobaltic calcium phosphorite (CaHPO4) and silica-containing minerals dol omite (KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2) were weakened in gangue treated with Bacillus sp. …”
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Effect of Three Bioenzymes on Compaction, Consistency Limits, and Strength Characteristics of a Sedimentary Residual Soil by Tanveer Ahmed Khan, Mohd Raihan Taha

“…Some results showed little improvement in compaction characteristics, and unconfined compressive strength, but no notable improvement was noticed in Atterberg limits. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) tests were conducted for untreated and treated soil samples after two months of curing. …”
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Using efficient bimetallic FeCo-ZIFs catalyst for Ciprofloxacin degradation in the presence of potassium peroxydisulfate by Dang Hoang An Cao, Thu Le, Thi Truong An Pham, My Tien Ha, Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen, Luu Ngoc Hanh Cao, Huynh Giao Dang

“…According to research, this is the first time FeCo-ZIFs was applied to treat Ciprofloxacin. …”
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Thermal Response and Mechanical Behaviors of Compact Basalts Induced by Microwave Irradiation by Xiao-Wu Zhang, Jin-Hai Xu, Liang Chen, Yue Cao, Lei Sun, Faiz Shaikh

“…To investigate the influence of microwave irradiation on the thermal response and mechanical behavior of compact rocks, a series of physical and mechanical experiments were conducted on the nontreated and treated basalts. The mineral compositions of the basalts were obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD) test. …”
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The impact of various calcium ion sources on the curing efficacy of MICP by Huan Tao, Panpan Jiang, Jili Qu, Yuandong Huang

“…The microstructure of the treated sand samples was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). …”
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MICP incorporated biopolymer to mitigate wind erosion of sand by Huan Tao, Panpan Jiang, Jili Qu, Yuandong Huang

“…Collectively, these findings confirm a substantial improvement in the bearing capacity, wind erosion resistance, and durability of the samples treated with biopolymers.…”
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Electric Transverse Emissivity of Sinusoidal Surfaces Determined by a Differential Method: Comparison with Approximation of Geometric Optics by Taoufik Ghabara

“…The precedent studies show that this method is adopted to the study of diffraction by periodic rough surfaces. For periods much larger than the wavelength, the mechanism is analog to what happens in a cavity where a ray is trapped and undergoes a large number of reflections. …”
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Green synthesis of titanium dioxide photocatalyst using Lactobacillus bulgaricus for processing palm oil mill effluent by L. Agustina, M. Romli, P. Suryadarma, S. Suprihatin

“…This indicates that the green synthesis has produced an anatase diffraction nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst. Testing the titanium dioxide photocatalyst to treat palm oil mill secondary effluent yielded in elimination efficiency of 16.16-27.27 percent for chemical oxygen demand and 11.05-21.95 percent for biological oxygen demand. …”
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Improvement of bone regeneration by a synergistic combination of octacalcium phosphate and water glass by Won-Pyo Lee, Euisin Yang, Woong Kim, Riessa Nanda Mertamani, Hana Lee, Se Eun Kim, Kyung Mi Shim, Seong Soo Kang, Sukyoung Kim, Seok-Jun Kim, Jooseong Kim

“…The OCP phase is generally known to be thermodynamically unstable and rapidly hydrolyzes to apatite. However, X-ray diffraction confirmed that OCP can remain stable even in the presence of water glass. …”
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Structural and Electrochemical Characterization of Natural Manganese Oxides for Energy Storage Applications by George Soulamidis, Christina Stouraiti, Maria Kourmousi, Panagiotis Tzevelekidis, Eleni Charalampous, Christiana A. Mitsopoulou

“…Techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to probe the structural characteristics of the minerals. …”
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Chemical Reduction of Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4−δ Powders in Supercritical Sodium Ammonia Solutions by Yasmin Dias, Hui Wang, Haiqing Zhou, Feng Lin, Yucheng Lan

“…The crystallographic structure of the reduced powders is investigated from Rietveld refinement of X-ray powder diffraction. The atomic positions are maintained constant within experimental errors while temperature factors of all atoms increase significantly after the chemical treatments, especially of Nd/Ce atoms. …”
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Asymmetric Optical Image Encryption With Silhouette Removal Using Interference and Equal Modulus Decomposition by Guangyu Luan, Aichuan Li, Zhengguang Chen, Caojun Huang

“…The two masks are encoded into four phase-only masks (POMs), two of which are treated as ciphertexts and other two as plaintext-dependent private keys by using the inverse Fresnel transform with different diffraction distances and interference-based encryption. …”
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Preparing Indium Films and Studying the Effect Oxidation on Their Properties by محمد حسين, Seham H. Salman

“…Indium films were used by the vacuum thermal evaporation technique on a glass base, and then these films were thermally treated at a temperature of 300 in the presence of oxygen for some time (30, 60, 90, 120) minutes to obtain films. …”
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Formation of alumina-aluminide coatings on ferritic-martensitic T91 steel by Choudhary R.K., Kain V., Hubli R.C.

“…First, coatings of aluminum were deposited electrochemically on T91 steel in a room temperature AlCl3-1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride ionic liquid, then the obtained coating was subjected to a two stage heat treatment procedure consisting of prolonged heat treatment of the sample in vacuum at 300 ○C followed by oxidative heat treatment in air at 650 ○C for 16 hours. X-ray diffraction measurement of the oxidatively heat treated samples indicated formation of Fe-Al and Cr-Al intermetallics and presence of amorphous alumina. …”
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Removal of crystal violet dye from aqueous solution using adsorbent prepared from oak tree fruit waste by Frood Shojaeipoor

“…The increase in the world's population and the decrease in natural resources, including water, have caused mankind to look for ways to treat the wastes from various industries and reuse them. …”
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Rapid Thermal Processing and Improved Photocatalysis of Bi2O3-BaTiO3 Heterojunction by Lina Bing, Wei Wu, Zhenjiang Shen

“…Bi2O3 and BaTiO3 were mixed in ratio and treated by RTP and conventional thermal processing (CTP), respectively. …”
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