Quantifying grating defects in X-ray Talbot-Lau interferometry through a comparative study of two fabrication techniques by Alexandre Pereira, Simon Spindler, Zhitian Shi, Lucia Romano, Michał Rawlik, Federica Marone, Daniel Josell, Martin Stauber, Marco Stampanoni

“…These models were used in a wave-propagation simulation to predict the effects of the gratings’ geometry and defects on the quality of a Talbot-Lau interferometer in terms of visibility and absorption capabilities. …”
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A Finite Element Analysis of Lateral Buckling of Tensile Armor Layers of Flexible Pipes Considering Machining Geometry Defects by Yongyu Li, Qingzhen Lu, Xiufeng Yue, Hailong Lu, Qianjin Yue, Yangcheng Lu

“…This study introduces a method to quantify these deviations based on the circumferential length change in defect segments in helically wound steel strips. A deviation model is established and analyzed using Abaqus finite element simulations to evaluate the impact of helical angles and deviation severity on the critical lateral buckling load. …”
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Therapeutic efficacy of superficial vein-anastomosed spiral propeller flap in elderly patients with foot and ankle soft tissue defects by Guangmou Chen, Zhidong Liao, Guoqiang Ruan, Huirun Chen, Guihe Lv, Jiashang Cai, Jin Chen, Bo Liang

“…BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of superficial vein anastomoses spiral propeller flaps in improving venous return and reducing postoperative complications for elderly patients with foot and ankle soft tissue defects.MethodsA prospective study involving 15 elderly patients (65–90 years) underwent spiral propeller flap repair between 2020 and 2021. …”
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Determining the Mean Sediment Discharge Using Mathematical Models to Estimate Sediment for Reconstruction of Statistical Defects (Case Study: Neka) by Payam Ebrahimi, Karim Solaimani

“…Hydrometer and sediment data is very important in hydrology researches but the existence of statistical defects cause to decrease precision and accuracy of evaluations. …”
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Multi-Modal Dynamic Fusion for Defect Detection in Electronic Products: A Novel Approach Based on Energy and Deep Learning by Yulin Liu, Yang Gao

“…As electronic products continue to evolve in complexity, maintaining stringent quality standards during manufacturing presents mounting challenges. Conventional defect detection approaches, which typically depend on a single modality, often fall short in both efficiency and reliability. …”
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Design and Development of a Precision Defect Detection System Based on a Line Scan Camera Using Deep Learning by Byungcheol Kim, Moonsun Shin, Seonmin Hwang

“…An AI engine generated through this deep learning process is then applied to conduct defect inspections. The developed high-speed defect detection system was evaluated to have an accuracy of 99.5% in the experiment. …”
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Lateral thoracic fasciocutaneous flap for reconstruction of axillary defects after resection of hidradenitis suppurativa: a series of 10 cases* by Daniel Francisco Mello, Américo Helene Junior

“…The mean progression time before the surgical indication was 38 months. The mean defect size after the resection was 10 x 9 cm. The mean size of the flaps was 15 x 10 cm. …”
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A Deep Transfer Learning-Based Visual Inspection System for Assembly Defects in Similar Types of Manual Tool Products by Hong-Dar Lin, Hsiang-Ling Wu, Chou-Hsien Lin

“…Experimental evaluations at three assembly stations show that the AlexNet model achieves a classification accuracy of 98.67% at the station with the highest defect variety, outperforming the R-CNN model with randomly initialized weights. …”
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Characterization of Defects by Non-Destructive Impulse Excitation Technique for 3D Printing FDM Polyamide Materials in Bending Mode by Fatima-Ezzahrae Jabri, Imi Ochana, François Ducobu, Rachid El Alaiji, Anthonin Demarbaix

“…Furthermore, internal sound diffusion from 3 and 5 mm defects enhances air losses and damping. Acoustic detectors only evaluate fault size and position, whereas vibrational detectors may detect local reinforcement and delamination more easily. …”
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The MEC-2E isoform with a large C-terminal completely rescues the touch sensation defect of C. elegans by Tália Magdolna Keszthelyi, Regina Légrádi, Dóra Pálya, Tímea Köles, Ágnes Regős, Dóra Karancsiné Menyhárd, Kálmán Tory

“…However, we did not detect any chemotaxis defects in mec-2(u37) null mutants nor in mec-2(e75) missense mutants. …”
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Atomistic Observation of Defect Generation and Microstructural Evolution in Polycrystalline FeCrAl Alloys Under Different Irradiation Conditions by Huan Yao, Changwei Wu, Tianzhou Ye, Pengfei Wang, Junmei Wu, Yingwei Wu, Ping Chen

“…The interaction between pre-existing defects and irradiation-induced microstructures (point defects, dislocations, clusters, etc.) was visualized and analyzed visually and quantitatively. …”
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Mobile tablets for real-time data collection for hospital-based birth defects surveillance in Kampala, Uganda: Lessons learned. by Dennis Kalibbala, Ayoub Kakande, Robert Serunjogi, Dhelia Williamson, Daniel Mumpe-Mwanja, Joyce Namale-Matovu, Diana Valencia, Beatrice Nalwoga, Christine Namirembe, Joan Seyionga, Margaret Nanfuka, Sophia Nakimuli, Margaret Okwero Achom, Kenneth Mwambi, Philippa Musoke, Linda Barlow-Mosha

“…Sustainable birth defects surveillance systems provide countries with estimates of the prevalence of birth defects to guide prevention, care activities, and evaluate interventions. …”
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Platelet rich fibrin versus ozone gel for periodontal regeneration in induced rats' intrabony three-wall periodontal defects by Aya Anwar Alsherif, Heba Mohamed Eltokhey, Doaa Ameen Taiema

“…Background: The question of whether platelet rich fibrin and ozone can enhance regeneration of periodontal defect was addressed. Materials and methods: three-wall periodontal defects were surgically created in 30 rats involving mesial aspect of right mandibular first molar. …”
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The influence of various coatings of hydroxyapatite bone carrier on the success of bone regeneration in rabbit calvarial defects: Histomorphometric and histological analysis by Milutinović-Smiljanić Sanja, Antonijević Đorđe, Mićić Milutin, Biočanin Vladimir, Sjerobabin Nikola, Petrović Božana, Danilović Vesna, Jokanović Vukoman

“…This study investigated the influence of poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) as coatings for hydroxyapatite (HAP) bone carriers on bone tissue regenerative potential in rabbits’ calvarial defect. Methods. Calvarial defects measuring 6 mm in diameter were made in 19 skeletally mature rabbits. …”
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The competency of the novel through‐the‐scope suture device for gastric mucosal defects: In vivo study in a porcine model (with video) by Mamoru Ito, Akira Dobashi, Takanori Tominaga, Toshiki Futakuchi, Naoto Tamai, Machi Suka, Kazuki Sumiyama

“…Abstract Objectives Endoscopic closures of mucosal defects following endoscopic resection can be challenging and time‐consuming. …”
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Impact of caesarean scar defects on the success of assisted human reproduction: the NICHE-ART prospective French cohort study protocol by Guillaume Legendre, Audrey Astruc, Delphine Deseine, Andrew Spiers, Magalie Boguenet, Pascale May-Panloup, Pierre Emmanuel Bouet

“…Background The global increase in caesarean sections (CS), currently at 21.1% of all deliveries, has led to a rise in uterine scar defects, or ‘niches’, at the hysterotomy site. These niches, detectable in 13%–84% of cases via transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) and 42%–84% through sonohysterography (SHG), may contribute to gynaecological complications, including abnormal uterine bleeding, chronic pain and secondary infertility. …”
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Prediction of vesicoureteral reflux in children with febrile urinary tract infection using relative uptake and cortical defect in DMSA scan by Il Ki Hong, Mi Hae Chung, Joong Hyun Bin, Kyung-Yil Lee, Jung Sue Kim, Chung Ho Kim, Jin-Soon Suh

“…The present study aimed to evaluate the associations of abnormalities detected on technetium-99m-labeled dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scans, focusing on the association with VUR of the levels of relative decrease in kidney function and cortical defects after a first febrile UTI in children. …”
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Risk Factors and Long‐Term Outcomes of Tricuspid Regurgitation After Transcatheter Closure of Pediatric Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defects by Diandong Jiang, Yingchun Yi, Lijian Zhao, Jing Wang, Yan Wang, Jianli Lv, Xiaofei Yang, Jianjun Zhang, Bo Han, Fen Li

“…Background Transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects in children is a highly effective procedure, but it can result in tricuspid regurgitation (TR). …”
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Mechanical Damage Causes Potato Taste Defect in Coffee Without Antestia Bug Infestations: Evidence from Experimental Data by Joseph Bigirimana, Isaac Mubashankwaya, Theogene Niyibigira, Felix Nzeyimana

“…The objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate whether there is a direct relationship between cherry feeding by antestia bug and occurrence of PTD or if the same defect can manifest mechanically without antestia bug infestations and (2) to assess the relationship between cupping method and Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) for PTD detection. …”
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Externally bonded and anchored engineered cementitious composite and glass fiber mesh strips for enhancing defected RC beams in shear by Galal Elsamak, Ayah A. Alkhawaldeh, Moataz Badawi, Emad Alshammari, Taher A. Tawfik, Mohamed Ghalla

“…This study introduces and evaluates a novel technique for strengthening shear-deficient RC beams using a combination of engineered cementitious composite (ECC) and glass fiber textile mesh (GFTM). …”
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