Fabrication and Performance Analysis of Single-Mode Polymer Waveguides and Devices by Han Wu, Ruizhi Jia, Fuling Wang, Liuge Du, Xiao Xu, Jia Zhao

“…Low-cost lithography and wet development process are optimized for fabricating single-mode polymer waveguides and de-vices with small gap structures on FR4 substrate. …”
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Magnetic field-assisted batch polishing method for the mass production of precision optical glass components by Yee Man Loh, Chunjin Wang, Rui Gao, Lai Ting Ho, Chi Fai Cheung

“…However, current ultra-precision polishing processes normally polish workpieces individually, leading to a low production efficiency and high polishing costs. …”
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A Two-Stage Genetic Algorithm for Beam–Slab Structure Optimization by Zhexi Yang, Wei-Zhen Lu

“…Beam–slab structures account for 50–65% of a building’s total dead load and contribute to 20% of the overall cost and CO₂ emissions. Despite their importance, conventional beam–slab structural optimization methods often lack search efficiency and accuracy, making them less effective for practical engineering applications. …”
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Unsupervised Machine Learning Approaches for Test Suite Reduction by Anila Sebastian, Hira Naseem, Cagatay Catal

“…Therefore, the Test Suite Reduction (TSR) process is of great importance, contributing to the reduction of time and costs in executing test suites for complex software by minimizing the number of test cases to be executed. …”
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The Delay and Failure of Residential Investment Projects in Iraq: Review by Aya A. Hasan, Abbas M. Burhan

“…This study aims to fill this gap and add more to the body of knowledge about residential investment projects in Iraq. …”
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How Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Colour Lighting Can Improve Learning: Evidence from Recent Classrooms Studies by José Quiles-Rodríguez, Ramon Palau, Josep M. Mateo-Sanz

“…The findings support the broader implementation of coloured lighting in primary classrooms, advocating for cost-effective, sustainable and adaptive solutions beyond conventional lighting. …”
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The influence of electrochemical machining parameters on power consumption and MRR by Lara Salman, Abbas Ibrahim, Baraa Albaghdadi

“…In this context, monitoring power consumption in industrial companies makes the process more energy-efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable, lowers energy waste from machine tools, and, thus, reduces costs. …”
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Solar dryers: A review of mechanism, methods and critical analysis of transport models applicable in solar drying of product by Onyinyechi Nnamchi, Cyprian Tom, Godwin Akpan, Murphy Umunna, David Ubong, Mathew Ibeh, Adindu Linus–Chibuezeh, Leonard Akuwueke, Stephen Nnamchi, Augustine Ben, Macmanus Ndukwu

“…Solar drying has been demonstrated to be a sustainable and eco-friendly drying process for drying and preserving agricultural products, offering advantages over traditional methods that include faster drying rates, improved product quality, and reduced energy costs. …”
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Press Forward: Advancing Vaccine Production With High Hydrostatic Pressure Inactivation for Global Health Equity by Miss Martina Brandolini, Dr Alessandra Mistral De Pascali, Mr Giorgio Dirani, Mr Massimiliano Guerra, Ms Silvia Zannoli, Prof Pietro Rocculi, Dr Michele Morbarigazzi, Dr Davide Lelli, Dr Antonio Lavazza, Dr Francesca Battioni, Prof Monica Cricca, Prof Alessandra Scagliarini, Prof Vittorio Sambri

“…Conclusion: The development of a HHP viral inactivation method allowing the cost-effective production of large quantities of inactivated viral suspension (∼ 5€/litre) might represent an important turning point with a high intrinsic potential of clinical translation in the immunoprophylactic field for the development of new low-cost thermostable vaccines. …”
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Network optimization by regional computing for UAVs' big data by Afzal Badshah, Ali Daud, Omar Ibrahim Aboulola, Amal Bukhari, Bader Alshemaimri, Hussain Dawood

“…Simulation results demonstrate that the RC layer reduces end-to-end processing delays by approximately 80%, lowers operational costs by up to 5× compared to cloud computing, and achieves lower task failure rates relative to edge computing. …”
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Assessing river discharge dynamics through relative surface water extent changes in river basins by Feng Mao, Margaret Shanafield, Val Ouellet, David M. Hannah, Stefan Krause

“…However, our current understanding of the dynamics and drivers of river flows relies predominantly on stream gauging data, which are limited in spatial coverage and involve significant costs. Remote sensing techniques have emerged as complementary tools for monitoring river discharge, but these satellite-based methods often require complex data processing. …”
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5G Network Slicing as a Service Enabler for the Automotive Sector by David Candal‐Ventureira, José Manuel Rúa‐Estévez, Pablo Fondo‐Ferreiro, Felipe Gil‐Castiñeira, Antonio Fernández‐Barciela, Francisco Javier González‐Castaño, Emilio Diéguez‐Pazo, Luis Fernández‐Ferreira

“…This work discusses the potential benefits of network slicing for the automotive sector, encompassing manufacturing processes and vehicular communications. The review of the state of the art reveals a clear gap regarding the application of network slicing from the perspective of industrial verticals such as automotive use cases and their specific requirements. …”
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Prototyping for public health in a local context: a streamlined evaluation of a community-based weight management programme (Momenta), Northumberland, UK by Amelia A Lake, Coral L Hanson, Emily J Oliver, Caroline J Dodd-Reynolds, Lisa Nevens, Tracy Finch

“…Objectives Stakeholder co-production in design of public health programmes may reduce the ‘implementation gap’ but can be time-consuming and costly. Prototyping, iterative refining relevant to delivery context, offers a potential solution. …”
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Multi-product biorefineries for biofuels and value-added products: advances and future perspectives by Sunday Uzochukwu John, Chijioke Elijah Onu, Chioma Mary-Jane Ezechukwu, Ikenna Chukwudi Nwokedi, Chukwunonso Nnayelum Onyenanu

“…Despite progress, challenges like high costs, technical barriers in biomass processing, and market uncertainties limit their widespread adoption. …”
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Harnessing loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) for sustainable biofuels and bioenergy: A review of biomass feedstock potential, conversion technologies, and forest management in the US by Chioma Edwina Ogbuka, Pradip Saud, Marco Yáñez, Rajan Parajuli, Sagar Godar Chhetri, Matthew Pelkki

“…Lignin recalcitrance and pretreatment costs hinder the conversion process; however, pine derivatives, such as pine terpenes and biochar, offer niche opportunities in biofuel markets. …”
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Toward Sustainable Development: Exploring the Value and Benefits of Digital Twins by Paweł Weichbroth, Krystian Jandy, Jozef Zurada

“…The complexity and number of data streams generated by internal processes exceed the capabilities of most current simulation environments. …”
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Graph-based fault diagnosis for rotating machinery: Adaptive segmentation and structural feature integration by Moirangthem Tiken Singh

“…Rotating machinery, such as bearings and gearboxes, plays a critical role in industrial operations; however, faults in these components can lead to costly downtime and inefficient maintenance. Traditional fault diagnosis methods often rely on manual expertise or deep learning models that require high computational resources and lack transparency, limiting their practicality in real-world settings. …”
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Circular economy and sustainable agriculture ecosystems a case of hybrid paper mulberry in the Yellow River Basin, China by Lan Le, V. Ratna Reddy, Jianjun Jin, Dil B. Rahut

“…The reasons include: risks associated with planting, lack of family labour and high investment costs. Thus, non-economic factors appear to be important in explaining the farmers decisions. …”
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On-Road Evaluation of an Unobtrusive In-Vehicle Pressure-Based Driver Respiration Monitoring System by Sparsh Jain, Miguel A. Perez

“…This study contributes to the development of robust and cost-effective in-cabin sensor systems that have the potential to improve road safety and health monitoring in automotive settings.…”
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Allometric scale model reveals temperature effects on growth and reproduction in Daphnia magna by Hideyasu Shimadzu, Miguel Barbosa

“…However, individuals exposed to unpredictable temperatures incur a disproportionate energetic cost compared to those in constant average or low-temperature conditions, significantly reducing estimated fecundity over time and lifespan. …”
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