Study of the structure and chemical composition of shallow ice core from the Ushkovsky volcano by M. A. Vorobyev, S. S. Kutuzov, M. M. Vinogradova, A. G. Khairedinova, Yu. N. Chizhova, V. N. Mikhalenko1

“…Frequent large stochastic events (volcanic eruptions and Siberian wildfires) add further complexity to the interpretation of the paleosignal. …”
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On the utility function of experiments in fundamental science by Tommaso Dorigo, Michele Doro, Max Aehle, Muhammad Awais, Nicolas R. Gauger, Rafael Izbicki, Jan Kieseler, Ann B. Lee, Luca Masserano, Federico Nardi, Alexander Shen, Luis Recabarren Vergara

“…Most of the time, a combination of the above goals is pursued; this breadth of scope adds a layer of complexity to the already demanding task of designing the measurement apparatus in an optimal way, by defining suitable geometries and choosing the most advantageous materials and appropriate detection technologies. …”
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Automated Fovea Detection in Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Scans of Exudative Macular Disease by Jing Wu, Sebastian M. Waldstein, Alessio Montuoro, Bianca S. Gerendas, Georg Langs, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth

“…The fovea is classified into 3 main appearances to both specify the detection algorithm used and reduce computational complexity. Based on foveal type classification, the fovea position is computed based on retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. …”
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Informed Consent for Newborn Genomic Screening: Interest-Holder Perspectives on Dynamic Consent in an Evolving Landscape by Marina Okamura, Emma Minchin, Carolyn Mazariego, Jolyn Hersch, Natalie Taylor, Ilona Juraskova

“…However, it also introduces complexities that necessitate enhanced consent processes. …”
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Machine Learning for Early Detection of Phishing URLs in Parked Domains: An Approach Applied to a Financial Institution by Jaqueline D. Duarte, Pedro Chagas Junior, Joao Paulo Javidi da Costa, Elena J. da Costa, Laerte Peotta de Melo, Rafael Rabelo Nunes, Carlos V. N. Gabriel Soares, Thiago Erivan da Cunha Silva

“…Additionally, feature selection techniques reduced model complexity while maintaining detection effectiveness, facilitating practical deployment. …”
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Decontamination-Sludge-Induced Corrosion of Steel in Simulated Pore Solutions and Alkali-Activated Slag Pastes by María Criado, Elena Torres, Jaime Hinojosa-Platero, Alicia Pachón-Montaño

“…Decontamination sludges are challenging wastes that are currently not accepted for final disposal due to their acidic nature and high concentrations of organic species and complexants. Thus, it was proposed to use electrochemical measurements to study the corrosion of steel sheets, simulating drums embedded in new alkali-activated slag (AAS) formulations with surrogate decontamination liquids, and determine their viability for use as confining matrices in order to increase the service life of the drums. …”
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Evaluation of Neural Networks for Improved Computational Cost in Carbon Nanotubes Geometric Optimization by Luis Josimar Vences-Reynoso, Daniel Villanueva-Vasquez, Roberto Alejo-Eleuterio, Federico Del Razo-López, Sonia Mireya Martínez-Gallegos, Everardo Efrén Granda-Gutiérrez

“…However, this process becomes computationally expensive as the molecular structure grows in complexity and size. To address this challenge, this study utilized three deep-learning-based neural network architectures: Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM), and 1D Convolutional Neural Networks (1D-CNNs). …”
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Low-Frequency Sound Absorption in Air Pipelines and Water-Filled Pipelines Based on Metamaterials by Botao Liu, Zigeng Liu, Ang Li, Bo Zheng, Shengchun Liu

“…The proposed design paradigm can reduce the complexity of designing multiple pipelines silencers with different filling materials because the muffler should have similar thickness in the same paradigm.…”
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An efficient method for network security situation assessment by Xiaoling Tao, Kaichuan Kong, Feng Zhao, Siyan Cheng, Sufang Wang

“…First, because of high dimensionality of input data, computational complexity in model construction could be very high. …”
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Securing air defense visual information with hyperchaotic Folded Towel Map-Based encryption by Shamsa Kanwal, Saba Inam, Fahima Hajjej, Ala Saleh Alluhaidan

“…Next, key mixing creates complexity, randomness, and nonlinearity using an invertible key matrix. …”
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Leveraging IPv6 and ICMPv6 for Delay-Tolerant Networking in Deep Space by Umberto Pirovano, Oriol Fusté, Anna Calveras

“…Based on this analysis, a node architecture is designed to implement the necessary functionalities for DTN, paving the way for more seamless integration of deep-space and terrestrial networks while reducing complexity and improving scalability.…”
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Development of Thermosensitive Hydrogels with Tailor-Made Geometries to Modulate Cell Harvesting of Non-Flat Cell Cultures by Rubén García-Sobrino, Enrique Martínez-Campos, Daniel Marcos-Ríos, Zenen Zepeda-Rodríguez, Juan L. Valentín, Raúl Sanz-Horta, Marina León-Calero, Helmut Reinecke, Carlos Elvira, Alberto Gallardo, Juan Rodríguez-Hernández

“…Considering the complexity in terms of design that characterizes the different tissues of the human body, it is necessary to study and develop more precise therapies. …”
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Impact of error fields and error field correction on heat fluxes in SPARC by S. Munaretto, A. Kleiner, R.M. Churchill, D. Corona, T. Looby, M. Scotto d’Abusco, A. Wingen

“…The presence of non-axisymmetric magnetic field perturbations adds complexity to the problem by generating intricate 3D edge magnetic topologies that alter the heat flux distributions on the target plates. …”
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A review on scan strategies in laser-based metal additive manufacturing by Junaid Dar, Andre Georges Ponsot, Caden Jacob Jolma, Dong Lin

“…Controlling these attributes remains challenging due to the complexity of the process. In laser-based MAM processes, particularly in laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB), the scan strategy, which includes laser parameters, scan speed, laser power, hatch spacing, layer thickness, and scan pattern, plays a critical role in defining thermal input and temperature gradients. …”
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A Dynamic Load Balancing Architecture for Fog Computing using Tree Base Resource Arrangement and Flexible Task Prioritization by Bikash Sarma, R. Kumar, Themrichon Tuithung

“…The proposed system is designed so that overall complexity is not upraised and becomes suitable for fog computing architecture with low processing capacity by maintaining the quality of service. …”
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Low-computational EMG gesture recognition for prosthetic control via handcrafted features and lightweight MLP by Lingzhi Lin, Yuqian Dai, Guodao Zhang, Yisu Ge, Abdulilah Mohammad Mayet, Xiaotian Pan, Genfu Yang, Mian Lin

“…The low computational complexity enables deployment on affordable embedded platforms, making this approach a strong candidate for use in wearable prosthetics and rehabilitation tools. …”
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A Unified Transformer–BDI Architecture for Financial Fraud Detection: Distributed Knowledge Transfer Across Diverse Datasets by Parul Dubey, Pushkar Dubey, Pitshou N. Bokoro

“…With the growing volume and complexity of digital transactions, the traditional rule-based and shallow learning models often fall short in detecting sophisticated fraud patterns. …”
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PCPE-YOLO with a lightweight dynamically reconfigurable backbone for small object detection by Weijia Chen, Jiaming Liu, Tong Liu, Yaoming Zhuang

“…Abstract In the domain of object detection, small object detection remains a pressing challenge, as existing approaches often suffer from limited accuracy, high model complexity, and difficulty meeting lightweight deployment requirements. …”
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Exploring sustainable strategies for mitigating microplastic contamination in soil, water, and the food chain: A comprehensive analysis by Udaratta Bhattacharjee, Kamal Narayan Baruah, Maulin P. Shah

“…Nevertheless, varying environmental conditions, such as temperature and salinity, can affect the degradation and accumulation of MPs, adding another layer of complexity in the marine environments. This review provides a comprehensive overview of microplastic pollution, highlighting its widespread impact on soil ecosystems, marine environment and food chain. …”
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Innovative Framework for Historical Architectural Recognition in China: Integrating Swin Transformer and Global Channel–Spatial Attention Mechanism by Jiade Wu, Yang Ying, Yigao Tan, Zhuliang Liu

“…While deep learning methods show promise in architectural classification, existing models often struggle to achieve ideal results due to the complexity and uniqueness of historical buildings, particularly the limited data availability in remote areas. …”
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