Detecting age-related changes in faecal vasoactive intestinal polypeptide using a 3D-printed electrochemical immunosensor by Khalil K. Hussain, Chloe Miller, Mark Yeoman, Bhavik Anil Patel

“…Scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical measurements confirmed layer-by-layer modification of the electrode to craft the VIP immunosensor. …”
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Design for Additive Manufacturing of Lattice Structures for Functional Integration of Thermal Management and Shock Absorption by Enrico Dalpadulo, Mattia Pollon, Alberto Vergnano, Francesco Leali

“…Specifically, the external layer addresses energy absorption and thermal insulation, while the internal layer acts as a thermal battery by incorporating a phase change material. …”
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Floristic composition and community structure of mid-montane evergreen broad-leaved forest in north slope of Baishanzu Mountain by XU Min, LUO Zheng-rong, YU Ming-jian, DING Bing-yang, WU You-gui

“…(v) Community structure is complex, and the delamination is not obvious. The dominant species distribute in different two sub-layers of trees, and it lessens competition on a certain extent. …”
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Evaluation of Image Segmentation Methods for In Situ Quality Assessment in Additive Manufacturing by Tushar Saini, Panos S. Shiakolas, Christopher McMurrough

“…Additive manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing, has revolutionized the fabrication of complex parts, but assessing their quality remains a challenge. …”
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Computational study of skyrmion stability and transport on W/CoFeB by Tsz Chung Cheng, Lin Zhang, Yuichiro Kurokawa, Ryuta Satone, Kazuhiko Tokunaga, Hiromi Yuasa

“…One approach to solving the trilemma is to increase the spin Hall angle $$\theta _{SH}$$ , the conversion ratio between charge current and spin current, in the heavy metal layer. For example, beta-tungsten ( $$\beta$$ -W) has attracted attention due to its high spin Hall angle, abundance in nature and the potential to combine with other materials to form complex structures. …”
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Ionospheric Response to the M‐ and X‐Class Solar Flares of 28 October 2021 Over the African Sector by John Bosco Habarulema, Mpho Tshisaphungo, Zama Thobeka Katamzi‐Joseph, Tshimangadzo Merline Matamba, Rendani Nndanganeni

“…In response, mid latitude ionosonde data showed that there were no echoes from the E and F1 layers for about 2 hr during ≈1025–1225 UT, restricting complex modes of HF communication such as double hops (1F1E) utilizing a combination of more than one ionospheric layer.…”
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Identifying Key Parameters for Reducing Recombination Losses at the p-n Junction of Chalcopyrite Thin-Film Solar Cells by Amala Elizabeth, Harry Mönig

“…In these devices, the p-type chalcopyrite absorber and the n-type window layer form the p-n junction at the interface, which is mediated by a thin buffer layer. …”
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Enhanced Oil Production Forecasting in CCUS-EOR Systems via KAN-LSTM Neural Network by Wei Xia, Qiu Li, Quan Shi, Rui Xu, Jiangtao Wu, Song Deng

“…The KAN layer effectively extracts relevant features from multivariate data, while the LSTM layer models temporal information based on the extracted features to generate accurate predictions. …”
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A three-stage exercise-oriented problem-based learning model for double-weak students in applied undergraduate education by Xianbin Huang, Xianbin Huang, Yao Hu, Liming Chen

“…The model consists of: (1) Basic Computation Reinforcement Layer, which restructures mathematical cognitive systems through structured exercises; (2) Application and Practice Transition Layer, which facilitates the targeted transfer of knowledge to practical competencies through engineering case studies; and (3) Modeling and Innovation Expansion Layer, which fosters complex problem-solving abilities through open-ended problem scenarios. …”
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Correlated fermionic-bosonic insulating states in twisted hetero-trilayer semiconductors by Boyi Xu, Jinyue Fu, Lanyu Huang, Cuihuan Ge, Zheyuan Xu, Weihao Zheng, Qiqi Deng, Shengyi Xie, Qingjun Tong, Dong Li, Ying Jiang, Hongtao Yuan, Anlian Pan

“…Here, we demonstrate that the twisted trilayer heterostructures host an unconventional fermionic complex, namely the charge-layer-locked trion with a symmetric charge configuration. …”
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Task allocation and path planning for multi-robot systems in intelligent warehousing by CHU Jing, TIAN Yiqiu, YUE Qi, HUANG Yong

“…Faced with today's increasingly complex market demands, traditional manual warehouse systems are becoming inadequate, necessitating the urgent intelligent transformation and upgrading of warehouse systems. …”
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Morphological and Histological Study of the Lung in the Pterocles alchata by Amar Hussein Abd Ali, Nahla A. Al-Bakri, Noor Mohammed Jaafer Hammodi

“…Histologically, the microscopic sections of the pulmonary lobule revealed the presence of primary bronchioles lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium, resting on a layer of connective tissue interspersed with plates of hyaline cartilage; this layer is known as the lamina propria with the submucosa. …”
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MORPHOLOGICAL CONDITION OF THE MUCOUS DURING THE PERIOD OF PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGE OF THE CANINES OF THE UPPER JAW by M. Cholovskyi

“…Quite often there was a hypertrophy of an epithelial layer due to increase in cell rows of a prickly layer. …”
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The Life Mission Theory VII. Theory of Existential (Antonovsky) Coherence: A Theory of Quality of Life, Health, and Ability for Use in Holistic Medicine by Søren Ventegodt, Trine Flensborg-Madsen, Niels Jørgen Andersen, Joav Merrick

“…The layer above causes the layer below, with the layer of QOL again feeding the fundamental layer of coherence. …”
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Preservative free travoprost and timolol fixed combination in the initial treatment of primary glaucoma: an assessment of hypotensive efficiency and safety by S. Yu. Petrov, L. V. Yakubova, L. V. Vasilenkova, O. M. Filippova, A. N. Zhuravleva, V. I. Kotelin

“…By the end of the 3rd month of treatment, we noted an insignificant increase in visual acuity, a positive dynamic of the standard deviation and the standard deviation pattern, as well as OCT indicators, such as average thickness of the layer of retinal nerve fibers and the layer of retinal ganglion cells in the macula, stabilization of the thickness of the retinal ganglion cell complex layer and the size of the inner plexiform layer. …”
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Numerical Simulation of Two-Phase System of “Combustible Liquid – Solid Fuel” Combustion in a Fixed Bed by K. V. Dobrego, I. A. Koznacheev

“…A one-dimensional plain problem of combustion of compact layer with the ignition from the bottom and from the upper side is considered. …”
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Sustained slow-release TGF-β3 in a three-dimensional-printed titanium microporous scaffold composite system promotes ligament-to-bone healing by Liwei Zhu, Yuzhe Liu, Yifu Sun, Zhenjia Che, Youbin Li, Tengyue Liu, Xudong Li, Chengzhe Yang, Lanfeng Huang

“…Orderly healing of the fibrocartilage layer and mineralized bone layer is crucial for treating tendon-bone interface injuries. …”
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Fracturing and Porosity Channeling in Fluid Overpressure Zones in the Shallow Earth’s Crust by Daniel Koehn, Sandra Piazolo, Till Sachau, Renaud Toussaint

“…A horizontal fluid pressurized layer that is offset shows a complex system of effective stress evolution with the layer fracturing initially at the location of the offset followed by hydraulic breccia development within the layer. …”
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Current aspects of the wound process treatment using dressings (bandages) by O. P. Shmatenko, L. L. Davtian, T. V. Prykhodko, O. F. Kuchmistova, V. О. Tarasenko, N. O. Коziko, D. V. Voronenko, V. V. Osodlo

“…It has been determined that the development of modern wound dressings provides for the realization of a complex effect on the wound process, which is achieved by the multi-layer structure of the dressing (bandages) with clearly defined functions of each component – the contact layer reduces adhesion to the wound surface; sorption layer provides irreversible sorption, retention and inactivation of wound exudate; pharmacologically active layer influences the main factors of wound process pathogenesis; outer isolating membrane generates wound occlusion. …”
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Three-Dimensional Dynamic Trajectory Planning for Autonomous Underwater Robots Under the PPO-IIFDS Framework by Liqiang Liu, Min Sun, Enjiao Zhao, Kuang Zhu

“…The IIFDS serves as the planning layer, generating obstacle-adaptive trajectories for AUVs through the dynamic adjustment of flow field parameters. …”
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