An image encryption scheme using 4-D chaotic system and cellular automaton by Ibrahim Al-Dayel, Muhammad Faisal Nadeem, Meraj Ali Khan, Bahreselam Sielu Abraha

“…Traditional three-dimensional chaotic systems often have restricted key space and limited complexity, making them vulnerable to cryptanalysis. …”
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Application of improved equivalent modeling method in dynamic performance analysis of printed circuit boards by Jianbo Wang, Leiyao Liu, Haiping Liu, Xiaokun Zhang, Yuhui Bai, Jiaxi Jin, Zhaobo Chen

“…In order to address the issue of low computational efficiency resulting from the necessity of establishing a large mesh of elements and considering various boundary and contact conditions in traditional finite element methods, this study comprehensively considers the complexity and variability of PCB structures, encompassing factors such as differing layers, materials, sizes, and irregular component distributions. …”
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Blessing of dimensionality in spiking neural networks: the by-chance functional learning by Valeri A. Makarov, Sergey A. Lobov, Sergey A. Lobov

“…It exploits the fundamental trade-off between the complexity and simplicity of statistical sets in high-dimensional spaces without relying on global optimization techniques. …”
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Treatment for substance abuse in the 21st century: A South African perspective by Madhubala I. Kasiram, Anwar Jeewa

“…These had to complement traditional strategies, rather than replace them, in accordance with the multi-faceted and multi-layered complexities of substance abuse. In keeping with this finding was the call for in-depth interventions to make the transition from being an addict and substance dependent to a person who is empowered and free from dependence. …”
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Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a dog (clinical case) by V. V. Logvinova, A. V. Oliyar, M. V. Kravtsova, O. V. Peretyatko

“…Pathohistological examination of histological sections revealed that the tumor consisted of complexes of atypical squamous epithelial cells with invasion into the deep layers of the dermis, and often into the underlying tissues. …”
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Edge-YOLO: Lightweight Multi-Scale Feature Extraction for Industrial Surface Inspection by Wang Guiqiang, Chen Junbao, Li Chengzhang, Lu Shuo

“…The increasing complexity of industrial quality control necessitates advanced defect detection systems capable of identifying small-scale surface anomalies with high precision. …”
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Reducing lead requirements for wearable ECG: Chest lead reconstruction with 1D-CNN and Bi-LSTM by Kazuki Hebiguchi, Hiroyoshi Togo, Akimasa Hirata

“…Wearable ECG devices encounter significant challenges in replicating the diagnostic capabilities of standard 12-lead ECGs, primarily due to the complexity of electrode placement and the need for specialized equipment. …”
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Synchronization in Fractional-Order Delayed Non-Autonomous Neural Networks by Dingping Wu, Changyou Wang, Tao Jiang

“…Fractional-order dynamics, characterized by their ability to capture memory effects and non-local interactions, introduce additional layers of complexity to the synchronization problem. …”
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Integrating Learning-Driven Model Behavior and Data Representation for Enhanced Remaining Useful Life Prediction in Rotating Machinery by Tarek Berghout, Eric Bechhoefer, Faycal Djeffal, Wei Hong Lim

“…The first part focuses on comprehensive data preprocessing using only feature scaling and selection via random forest (RF) algorithm, streamlining the process by minimizing human intervention while managing data complexity. The second part introduces a Recurrent Expansion Network (RexNet) composed of multiple layers built on recursive expansion theories from multi-model deep learning. …”
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ResPoNet: A Residual Neural Network for Efficient Valuation of Large Variable Annuity Portfolios by Heng Xiong, Jie Xu, Rogemar Mamon, Yixing Zhao

“…ResPoNet systematically accounts for mortality risk and path-dependent liabilities using residual layers, while the custom loss function ensures better convergence and interpretability. …”
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Chloride Additives as Crystallinity Modulators in 2D Tin Halide Perovskite Transistors by Hyoungha Ryu, Youjin Reo, Wantae Park, Donghyeon Lee, Hamin Choi, Soohwan Yoo, Ao Liu, Huihui Zhu, Yong‐Young Noh

“…The enhanced film quality contributes to efficient charge transport in the channel layers of TFT, where optimized MACl‐PEA2SnI4 TFTs exhibit up to a threefold increase in field‐effect mobility and a substantial enhancement in the on/off current ratio. …”
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Microbiome in cancer metastasis: biological insights and emerging spatial omics methods by Marianne Meyers, Charlotte B. A. Stoffels, Gilles Frache, Elisabeth Letellier, Maureen Feucherolles

“…Additionally, multimodal-omics imaging approaches are highlighted for their potential to integrate multiple molecular layers, offering comprehensive insights into the microbiome’s role in cancer metastasis. …”
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Variational Quantum Algorithms for the Allocation of Resources in a Cloud/Edge Architecture by Carlo Mastroianni, Francesco Plastina, Jacopo Settino, Andrea Vinci

“…Modern cloud/edge architectures need to orchestrate multiple layers of heterogeneous computing nodes, including pervasive sensors/actuators, distributed edge/fog nodes, centralized data centers, and quantum devices. …”
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Ku‐ and Ka‐Band Polarimetric Radar Waveforms and Snow Depth Estimation Over Multi‐Year Antarctic Sea Ice in the Weddell Sea by Rosemary Willatt, Robbie Mallett, Julienne Stroeve, Jeremy Wilkinson, Vishnu Nandan, Thomas Newman

“…Coincident snow pits revealed thick layers of snow which were exposed to the summer melt season and superimposed ice. …”
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Deep learning-based prediction of multi-level just noticeable distortion by Haifeng XU, Hongkui WANG, Haibing YIN, Chuqiao CHEN

“…Visual just noticeable distortion (JND) directly reflects the sensitivity of the human visual system to visual signal noise, and is widely used in image and video processing.Aiming at the multilevel prediction problem of video JND threshold, it was transformed into the prediction problem of satisfied user ratio (SUR) curve, and a feature fusion-based SUR curve prediction model was proposed.The model was mainly divided into key frame extraction module, feature extraction and fusion module, and SUR score regression module.In the key frame extraction module, according to the visual perception mechanism, the spatial-temporal domain perception complexity was proposed and used as the video key frame judgment index.In the feature extraction and fusion module, a multi-scale dense residual network was proposed based on dense residual block (RDB) to realize image feature extraction and multi-scale fusion.The experimental results show that the proposed SUR curve prediction model is overall better than the existing models in terms of JND prediction accuracy and reduces the time cost by 8.1% on average in terms of operational efficiency.Meanwhile, the model can also be used to predict other layers of JND thresholds, which can be directly applied to video multilevel perceptual coding optimization.…”
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Hierarchical Vehicle Scheduling Research on Tide Bicycle-Sharing Traffic of Autonomous Transportation Systems by Mai Hao, Ming Cai, Minghui Fang, Shuxin Jin

“…Compared to existing scheduling methods, HATB has faster convergence and lower time complexity, which improves bike turnaround efficiency and practical application ability, thus making it more convenient for the public to travel during peak hours.…”
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In the Name of Conservation by Kaiyi Zhu

“…As a result of the complexity of understanding and adapting an imported idea, the heritage discourse in China is characterised by its own ambiguity. …”
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AN ENHANCED MULTIMODAL BIOMETRIC SYSTEM BASED ON CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK by LAWRENCE OMOTOSHO, IBRAHIM OGUNDOYIN, OLAJIDE ADEBAYO, JOSHUA OYENIYI

“…In multimodal biometrics system, the utilization of different algorithms for feature extraction, fusion at feature level and classification often to complexity and make fused biometrics features larger in dimensions. …”
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The Manipulative Power of Advertisements in shaping Consent to future Socioeconomic Trends by Jasna Kolovrat

“…Through increasingly sophisticated techniques they have reached artistic levels in seducing audiences. Layers, complexity and technically polished audiovisual experiences, made possible by AI, AR and VR technology, opened up space for commercials to go beyond the framework of their established concept, i.e. encouraging consumerism with the aim of quick financial gain. …”
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Chemotactic response and adaptation dynamics in Escherichia coli. by Diana Clausznitzer, Olga Oleksiuk, Linda Løvdok, Victor Sourjik, Robert G Endres

“…To quantitatively explain the data, we finally develop a dynamic model for signaling and adaptation based on the attractant flow in the experiment, signaling by cooperative receptor complexes, and multiple layers of feedback regulation for adaptation. …”
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