Three-Layer Reconstruction of a Full-Thickness Nasal Alar Defect after Basal-Cell Carcinoma Removal by Kostadin Gigov, Ivan Ginev, Ivaylo Minev, Petra Kavradzhieva

“…Restoring the integrity of the external nose presents a complex surgical challenge due to its three-dimensional structure and subunit divisions. …”
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Post-mortem analysis of the deposit layers on the lower divertor after the 2023 high particle fluence campaign of WEST by C. Martin, M. Diez, E. Bernard, M. Cabié, A. Campos, C. Pardanaud, G. Giacometti, A. Gallo, J. Gaspar, Y. Corre, E.Tsitrone

“…A significant difference was observed in the toroidal direction with thicker deposits for the PFU located at the maximal heat load in the inner side, showing a deposition pattern due to the toroidal magnetic field modulation. Deposits present a complex layer-by-layer structure with dense layers, some melted parts and porosities within the layers. …”
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Mechanical constitutive model of stand off damping composites layered rubber core under wide strain rates by Zhangda Zhao, Wenjun Meng, Bijuan Yan, Guansen Qiao, Yuan Qin, Yao Wang, Tao Yang, Hong Ren

“…Finally, the VFKV model was employed to assess the loss ability for LRC and single-layer rubber, which was validated through the energy method. …”
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The low-latitude sodium layer: comparative data from lidar observations at Hainan, China and São Paulo, Brazil by Fang Wu, Jing Jiao, GuoTao Yang, LiFang Du, ZhengKuan Liu, HaoRan Zheng, JiXin Guo, ShaoHua Gong, YaJun Zhu

“…Physical and chemical processes observed in the mesosphere and thermosphere above the Earth’s low latitudes are complex and highly interrelated to activity in the low-latitude ionosphere. …”
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Prior Knowledge-Based Two-Layer Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell Ship Hybrid Power System by Lin Liu, Xiangguo Yang, Xin Li, Xingwei Zhou, Yufan Wang, Telu Tang, Qijia Song, Yifan Liu

“…Traditional real-time energy management strategies often struggle to adapt to complex operating conditions; to address this issue and mitigate fuel cell fluctuations during real-time operations while extending the lifespan of lithium-ion batteries, this paper proposes a two-layer energy management system (EMS) based on prior knowledge of ship operation. …”
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The effect of the substrate on KF post deposition treatments of narrow gap Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorber layers by Jessica de Wild, Guy Brammertz, Tim Oris, Tom Aernouts, Bart Vermang

“…This study highlights the complex interaction between alkali coming from PDT and the alkali already present in the absorber layer.…”
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Early Diabetic Retinopathy Detection from OCT Images Using Multifractal Analysis and Multi-Layer Perceptron Classification by Ahlem Aziz, Necmi Serkan Tezel, Seydi Kaçmaz, Youcef Attallah

“…In parallel, machine learning has shown considerable promise in supporting early disease recognition by uncovering complex and often imperceptible patterns in image data. …”
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PF-PSS: a double-layer parallel embedded feature selection method for cancer gene expression data by Yu-Wei Song, Jie-Sheng Wang, Yu-Liang Qi, Yu-Cai Wang, Shi Li, Hao-Ming Song, Yi-Peng Shang-Guan

“…Abstract The primary challenge in diagnosing cancer subtypes lies in the high dimensionality and sample imbalance of cancer gene expression data, which complicates accurate diagnosis from such complex datasets. To address the issues of feature selection (FS) and cancer subtype diagnosis for cancer gene expression data, a novel FS method with a double-layer parallel embedded structure has been proposed. …”
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Evaluating the dual impact of microbial activity and aged refuse layers on landfill leachate clogging: An experimental and LCA perspective by Zhaobin Li, Waifan Tang, Shulun Mak, Siukei Lam, Qingwen Li

“…Although aged refuse layers are effective in reducing clogging, their environmental trade-offs should be carefully evaluated. …”
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Study on pressure relief effect of multiple mining of protective layer in medium and long distance coal seam group by Xiapeng ZHANG, Kai WANG, Aitao ZHOU, Kequan YI, Zefan LI, Kejia WANG

“…Aiming at the problem that the effect of protective layer mining of medium and long distance coal seam group under complex conditions is not clear, this study takes the coal seam group mining of Shanxi Xinjing Coal Mine as the engineering background, and uses the method of numerical simulation and physical similarity simulation to study the multiple pressure relief effect of medium and long distance coal seam group under the downward mining sequence. …”
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Evolution characteristics of overburden structure in inclined fully mechanized caving under residual coal pillars of the upper layer by LIU Yong, WANG Hongwei, WU Xuesong, TIAN Chengpeng, GUAN Rongfu, NIE Yunxiao, FAN Zhiwei, CAO Peipei

“…In the stratified fully mechanized caving of ultra-thick coal seams, the inclined layout of upper and lower caving faces leads to lower fully mechanized caving face intermittently crossing residual coal pillars of the upper layer. This results in complex overburden breakage and mine pressure behavior, posing challenges to surrounding rock control and hindering safe coal production. …”
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Temporal response patterns of Layer 4 rat barrel cortex neurons across various naturalistic whisker motions. by Dinh K Tang, Mark B Flegg, Ramesh Rajan

“…Investigation into stimulus complexity indicated that stimuli with lower complexity scores (Whisking and Basic) resulted in fewer distinct response patterns, reflecting the reduced variability in the input information signal to Layer 4. …”
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Numerical Insights into Wide-Angle, Phase-Controlled Optical Absorption in a Single-Layer Vanadium Dioxide Structure by Abida Parveen, Ahsan Irshad, Deepika Tyagi, Mehboob Alam, Shakeel Ahmed, Keyu Tao, Zhengbiao Ouyang

“…Unlike conventional multilayer absorbers, our single-layer VO₂ design eliminates structural complexity, simplifying fabrication and reducing material costs. …”
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Screen-Printed PVDF Piezoelectric Pressure Transducer for Unsteadiness Study of Oblique Shock Wave Boundary Layer Interaction by Bei Wang, Cosimo Corsi, Thomas Weiland, Zhenyu Wang, Thomas Grund, Olaf Pohl, Johannes Max Bienia, Julien Weiss, Ha Duong Ngo

“…Shock wave boundary/layer interactions (SWBLIs) are critical in high-speed aerodynamic flows, particularly within supersonic regimes, where unsteady dynamics can induce structural fatigue and degrade vehicle performance. …”
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Atomic layer deposition of SnO2 enables fast-dynamics in electrochromic vanadium oxide/polyaniline films by Yixin Song, Lihao Zhou, Xianghong Liu, Jun Zhang

“…Heterostructure materials hold great promise for electrochromism, but the complexity in coupling the optical and electronic properties of multiple materials remains a challenge. …”
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Layer wise Scaled Gaussian Priors for Markov Chain Monte Carlo Sampled deep Bayesian neural networks by Devesh Jawla, John Kelleher

“…From our experiments on 8 classifications datasets of various complexity, the results indicate that using Layer wise Scaled Gaussian Priors makes the sampling process more efficient as compared to using an Isotropic Gaussian Prior, an Isotropic Cauchy Prior, or an Isotropic Laplace Prior. …”
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Aero Engine Component Fault Diagnosis Using Multi-Hidden-Layer Extreme Learning Machine with Optimized Structure by Shan Pang, Xinyi Yang, Xiaofeng Zhang

“…Meanwhile it controls the model complexity and needs far less hidden nodes than multi-hidden-layer ELM, thus saving computer memory and making it more efficient to implement. …”
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A novel hybrid layer-based encoder–decoder framework for 3D segmentation in congenital heart disease by Yaoxi Zhu, Hongbo Li, Bingxin Cao, Kun Huang, Jinping Liu

“…To address this challenge, we propose a novel hybrid layer-based encoder–decoder framework for 3D CHD image segmentation. …”
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Analytical study of pressures in the layer of lubricant material separating the contact of teeth of a heavy-loaded gear mechanism by Kharchenko M.V.

“…The increasing complexity of technological processes affects the operating modes of machines and equipment and, as a consequence, their service life. …”
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Chemogenetic activation of Gq signaling modulates dendritic development of cortical neurons in a time- and layer-specific manner by Ina Köhler, Lisa Marie Rennau, Adriana Rehm, Julia Große, Steffen Gonda, Andrea Räk, Christian Riedel, Petra Wahle

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