Transfer Learning-Based Accurate Detection of Shrub Crown Boundaries Using UAS Imagery by Jiawei Li, Huihui Zhang, David Barnard

“…However, fine-tuning the pre-trained models by unfreezing additional layers improved segmentation accuracy by around 30%. …”
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Sedentarization of the Medieval Nomads of Eastern Europe: Understandings and Manifestations by Ivanov V.A.

“…Results and novelty of the research: Soviet researchers explained the gradual but sequential transition of nomads to a settled lifestyle through the methodology of a three-staged scheme: 1) the tabor stage represented by rare archaeological sites in the steppe; 2) the semi-nomadic stage with the appearance of stationary burial mounds and settlements in the steppe, which marked the places of nomadic wintering; 3) the stage of settlement with the appearance of nomadic burial grounds near cities and the deposition of elements of the material culture of nomads in the cultural layers of medieval cities. However, an in-depth analysis of traces of nomadic culture in the territory of the Bulgar and Golden Horde cities shows that they occupied an extremely insignificant place in the general complex of urban culture. …”
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The accuracy of image-based individual tree crown detection and delineation across vegetation types by N. Pucino, T. McVicar, S. Levick, A. van Dijk

“…In contrast, closed-canopy forests present challenges, particularly due to crown clumping and multi-layered vegetation structures. This study highlights the importance of selecting the appropriate ITS and CHM methods for different vegetation types and emphasizes the need for algorithm optimization in complex environments, such as tropical and eucalypt forests. …”
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Systemic Barriers to Asian American Pacific Islander Women’s Career Growth: Social, Gender, and Cultural Perspectives by Maria R. Mondala-Duncan

“…This framework, which integrates race, gender, and cultural dynamics, is crucial in exploring the layers of discrimination that AAPI women face in professional settings. …”
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YOLOv10-LGDA: An Improved Algorithm for Defect Detection in Citrus Fruits Across Diverse Backgrounds by Lun Wang, Rong Ye, Youqing Chen, Tong Li

“…We propose an improved YOLOv10-based disease detection method that replaces the traditional convolutional layers in the Backbone network with LDConv to enhance feature extraction capabilities. …”
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THE CONSTRUCTION OF A TYPOLOGY OF BRANCH BANKS ON THE BASIS OF CLUSTER ANALYSIS AND NEURAL NETWORKS by D. S. Kurushin, E. E. Vasilyeva

“…The article analyzes Russia’s banking system, which is a complex, multi-layered, hierarchically organized system in which there exist different stable groups of banks. …”
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Enhanced YOLO and Scanning Portal System for Vehicle Component Detection by Feng Ye, Mingzhe Yuan, Chen Luo, Shuo Li, Duotao Pan, Wenhong Wang, Feidao Cao, Diwen Chen

“…Additionally, Dynamic Space-to-Depth (Dynamic S2D) is employed to improve convolution and replace the stride convolution and pooling layers in the baseline network, helping to mitigate the loss of fine-grained information and enhancing the network’s feature extraction capability. …”
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Aircraft Wake Vortex Recognition Method Based on Improved Inception-VGG16 Hybrid Network by Weijun Pan, Yuhao Wang, Leilei Deng, Yanqiang Jiang, Yuanfei Leng

“…The model not only overcomes the limitations of single networks in processing multi-scale wake features but also enhances the model’s ability to identify wake vortices in complex backgrounds through deep feature hierarchies, providing a new technical solution for aviation safety monitoring systems based on deep learning.…”
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Modeling of the magnetorefractive effect in Co-Al₂O₃ nanocomposites in the framework of the Bruggeman approximation by M. A. Mukhutdinova, A. N. Yurasov

“…These materials are based on a polymer matrix, which includes inorganic magnetic particles, fibers or layered particles, whose nanometer sizes range from 1 to 100 nm in at least one dimension. …”
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Leveraging pleiotropy to discover and interpret GWAS results for sleep-associated traits. by Sung Chun, Sebastian Akle, Athanasios Teodosiadis, Brian E Cade, Heming Wang, Tamar Sofer, Daniel S Evans, Katie L Stone, Sina A Gharib, Sutapa Mukherjee, Lyle J Palmer, David Hillman, Jerome I Rotter, Craig L Hanis, John A Stamatoyannopoulos, Susan Redline, Chris Cotsapas, Shamil R Sunyaev

“…Thus, the analysis of pleiotropic associations has the potential to assemble diverse phenotypes into a chain of mechanistic hypotheses that provide insight into the pathogenesis of complex human diseases.…”
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A comprehensive framework for multi-modal hate speech detection in social media using deep learning by R. Prabhu, V. Seethalakshmi

“…The fusion mechanism employs attention mechanisms to prioritize key interactions between modalities, enabling the detection of nuanced hate speech, such as memes that blend offensive imagery with implicit text, sarcastic videos where toxicity is conveyed through tone and facial expressions, and multi-layered content that embeds discriminatory meaning, across different formats. …”
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Bitumen binders for the climatic conditions of Jordan from the point of view of the temperature range of road operation by Atout Hassan Abdellatif tahsin, Ya. M. Katrich, M. A. Vysotskaya

“…The minimum allowable PG grades of bitumen binders for use in the structural layers of Jordan's road pavement were calculated. …”
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Experimental study on proppant placement in rough fractures with shear slippage in shale reservoirs by ZHANG Tao, CHEN Hongli, WANG Kun, GOU Haoran, ZHANG Yifan, TANG Tang, ZHOU Hangyu, ZUO Hengbo

“…Increased viscosity or reduced particle size led to greater proppant transport distances and layered sand dam accumulation.…”
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Multi-Viewpoint Assessment of Urban Waterfront Skylines: Fractal and Spatial Hierarchy Analysis in Shanghai by Jian Zhang, Yi Wang, Xi Luo, Wen-Lei Luan

“…Traditional single-viewpoint methods often fall short in capturing the layered spatial relationships among buildings and the complexity of multi-axis urban forms. …”
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Influence of annealing on structure, phase and electrophysical properties of vanadium oxide films by T. D. Nguen, A. I. Zanko, D. A. Golosov, S. M. Zavadski, S. N. Melnikov, V. V. Kolos, T. Q. To

“…The character of changes in p, TCR and Egof films coming from the change in the annealing temperature is complex and largely determined by ГO2. It was established that with the view of using VOx films as thermosensitive layers, the following conditions of deposition and annealing would be preferable: films deposited at the oxygen concentration 25 % in Ar/O2 gas mixture and annealed at a  temperature  of  250–275 °C  in  an  O2 atmosphere  for  10  min.  …”
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A Lightweight Semantic- and Graph-Guided Network for Advanced Optical Remote Sensing Image Salient Object Detection by Jie Liu, Jinpeng He, Huaixin Chen, Ruoyu Yang, Ying Huang

“…To further efficiently aggregate multi-level features and preserve the integrity and complexity of overall object shape, we introduce a Graph-Based Region Awareness Module (GRAM). …”
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Enhancing Vegetation Mapping in Mexico through Artificial Intelligence and Remote Sensing Techniques by R. Orozco Gálvez, H. Ramos Ramos, J. C. Camacho Pérez, J. L. Ornelas de Anda, C. M. López López, A. K. Ahedo Díaz

“…This remarkable ecological variety is influenced by the country’s complex topography, diverse climates, and varying soil conditions. …”
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Mapping soil compaction using indicator kriging in Santa Fe province, Argentina by Carlos Agustín Alesso, María Eugenia Carrizo, Silvia del Carmen Imhoff

“…Soil compaction is a complex physical process that affects the crop performance by limiting the expansion of the roots and the reduction of water and nutrients uptake from soil. …”
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YOLOv-MA: A High-Precision Foreign Object Detection Algorithm for Rice by Jiahui Wang, Mengdie Jiang, Tauseef Abbas, Hao Chen, Yuying Jiang

“…The proposed algorithm adaptively enhances multi-scale feature representation across small, medium, and large object detection layers by incorporating the multi-scale dilated attention (MSDA) mechanism. …”
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Multiparameter optical fiber sensing for energy infrastructure through nanoscale light–matter interactions: From hardware to software, science to commercial opportunities by Yang-Duan Su, Paul R. Ohodnicki, Jeffrey K. Wuenschell, Nageswara Lalam, Enrico Sarcinelli, Michael P. Buric, Ruishu Wright

“…Through the design of novel sensing layers, the optical transduction mechanism and wavelength dependence can also be tailored for ease of integration with low-cost interrogation systems enabling an inexpensive yet highly functional optical fiber sensing platform. …”
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