Radar-equivalent snowpack: reducing the number of snow layers while retaining their microwave properties and bulk snow mass by J. Meloche, N. R. Leroux, B. Montpetit, V. Vionnet, C. Derksen

“…A key variable in a retrieval is the number of snow layers, with more complex layering yielding richer information but at an increased computational cost and number of unknowns. …”
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Elaboration of the Calculation Algorithm for the Load Diagram of a Thermoelectric Generator that Applies the Temperature Dependent Thermoelectric Layer Properties by Golubev R.O., Stolyarov S.P.

“…The aim of the work is the development of the algorithm for the working parameters calculation of a marine waste heat thermoelectric generator, where the thermoelectric layer properties are considered as temperature dependent. …”
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3D-CWC: A Method to Evaluate the Geological Suitability for Layered Development and Utilization of Urban Underground Space by Jiamin Mo, Ling Zhu, Wei Liu, Ping Wen, Zhiqiang Xie, Rong Li, Chunhou Ji, Wei Cheng, Yangbin Zhang, Chaoya Chen, Qijia Yang, Junxiao Wang

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Microenvironment-confined kinetic elucidation and implementation of a DNA nano-phage with a shielded internal computing layer by Decui Tang, Shuoyao He, Yani Yang, Yuqi Zeng, Mengyi Xiong, Ding Ding, Weijun Wei, Yifan Lyu, Xiao-Bing Zhang, Weihong Tan

“…We predict and verify that identifying trace amount of target cells in complex cell mixtures is an intrinsic merit of microenvironment-confined DNA computation. …”
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Acoustic pressure of a system of concentric annular sources in a parallel-piped layer of a gaseous medium by Witold RDZANEK

“…By solving the Neumann boundary problem by means of the method of Hankel transforms of the zeroth order, an integral expression was obtained for the acoustic pressure distribution in a parallel-piped layer. The pressure, expressed by an integral in the complex variable plane, was represented in the form of a series of residua at the poles of the subintegral function, giving a formula, convenient for practical calculations and easy to interpret, in the form of a series of normal waves. …”
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Solving Viscous Burgers’ Equation: Hybrid Approach Combining Boundary Layer Theory and Physics-Informed Neural Networks by Rubén Darío Ortiz Ortiz, Oscar Martínez Núñez, Ana Magnolia Marín Ramírez

“…In this paper, we develop a hybrid approach to solve the viscous Burgers’ equation by combining classical boundary layer theory with modern Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs). …”
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Using physics-informed derivative networks to solve the forward problem of a free-convective boundary layer problem by Kaiwei Cong, Guangjin Li, Yifan Sun, Hairui Ren

“…Although several PINN-based approaches have been widely applied to some types of boundary layer problem, certain complex parameter settings or boundary conditions can still lead to training failures, regardless of whether shallow or deep networks are used. …”
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Simultaneous Construction of Fast Equator, Poleward Meridional Flow, and Near-surface Shear Layer in Solar Magnetohydrodynamic Calculation by H. Hotta

“…The NSSL is located in a complex layer where the spatial and time scales of thermal convection are significantly small compared with the deep convection zone. …”
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A lightweight hyperspectral image multi-layer feature fusion classification method based on spatial and channel reconstruction. by Yuping Yin, Haodong Zhu, Lin Wei

“…Specifically, the majority of models using traditional convolutions for HSI classification tasks extract redundant information due to the convolution layer, which makes the subsequent network structure produce a large number of parameters and complex computations, so as to limit their classification effectiveness, particularly in situations with constraints on computational power and storage capacity. …”
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Wind Tunnel Process Mach Number Prediction Based on Modal, Stage, and Intra-Stages Three-Layer Partitioning by Haixuan Yuan, Jin Guo, Wenshan Yu, Luping Zhao

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FOX-TSA hybrid algorithm: Advancing for superior predictive accuracy in tourism-driven multi-layer perceptron models by Sirwan A. Aula, Tarik A. Rashid

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Wireless sensor network design for smart grids and Internet of things for ambient living using cross-layer techniques by Jaffar Ali, Javed Iqbal, Shabbir Majeed, Imran Ahmed Mughal, Awais Ahmad, Salman Ahmed

“…In this article, a cross-layer data communication scheme target-aware cross-layer technique is proposed to enhance reliability and to reduce the latency in wireless sensor networks. …”
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Dynamical Modeling and Active Vibration Control Analysis of a Double-Layer Cylindrical Thin Shell with Active Actuators by Yu Wu, Rui Huo

“…The application of double-layer shell structure is very common in some situations that require complex loads and vibrations, such as key components such as the shell and wings of aerospace engines, and the shell of underwater vehicles. …”
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Stability evaluation of tunnels in steeply dipping layered rock mass using numerical models: a case study by Eleyas Assefa, Kidusyared Tilahun, Siraj Mulugeta Assefa, Nagessa Zerihun Jilo, Lysandros Pantelidis, Costas Sachpazis

“…Abstract Tunnel stability is a critical factor in complex geological conditions, particularly in rock masses with steeply dipping layers. …”
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Breaking and Instability Movement Characteristics of High-Position Double-Layer Hard Thick Strata due to Longwall Mining by Pu Wang, Jinquan Jiang, Bin Xu

“…In this paper, relying on the mining background of panel 1061 of a coalmine, the breaking instability of double-layer hard thick strata (DLHTS) and the precursory information of disasters are studied by using theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and physical simulation. …”
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Physical reservoir computing with graphene-based solid electric double layer transistor and the information processing capacity analysis by Hina Kitano, Daiki Nishioka, Kazuya Terabe, Takashi Tsuchiya

“…In this study, we developed a PRC device utilizing ion-electron coupled dynamics in an electric double layer transistor (EDLT) consisting of monolayer graphene channels and a Li ^+ conducting inorganic oxide thin film. …”
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Developing a Multi-Layer Ontology Construction Framework for Arabic Language Processing: Focus on Figurative Language Potential by Zouheir Banou, Sanaa El Filali, El Habib Benlahmar, Laila Eljiani, Fatima-Zahra Alaoui

“…Figurative language, encompassing metaphor, hyperbole, and metonymy, is deeply embedded in Arabic discourse and presents considerable challenges related to Arabic’s rich morphology, dialectal diversity, and complex syntax. In response to these challenges, this study introduces a novel multi-layered ontology construction framework aimed at systematically capturing and formalizing linguistic features essential for the annotation of figurative language in Arabic texts. …”
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Design of coupled magic angle graphene/single-layer graphene surface-incident 2D photonic modulators by Tao Fang, Xiaoxin Wang, Jifeng Liu

“…From the modeling, magic angle graphene behaves in a fashion opposite to single-layer graphene in that its changes from a semimetal to a good metal (n < <k) with external gating. …”
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A three-layer equivalent model for the process of heat transfer in a rough-walled fracture with the eddy effect by Yun Chen, Dai He, Chunlei Ma, Guowei Ma

“…Rough-walled properties of fractures lead to complex flow behavior, resulting in an intricate heat transfer process between fractures and fluids during heat mining in enhanced geothermal systems. …”
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Influence of solid and liquid hydrophobic compounds on characteristics of water located in an adsorption layer of a hydrophilic component of the system by V. V. Turov, V. M. Gun'ko, T. V. Krupska, M. T. Kartel

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