Sensitivity Analysis of Noah-MP Model Parameterization Schemes for Soil Moisture Simulation in the High-Cold Region of the Upper Heihe River Basin by Kexiu HUANG, Yuanhong YOU, Yanyu LU, Ying HAO, Zuo WANG, Jing SUN

“…In the context of climate change， accurately simulating soil moisture using land surface process models holds significant importance for weather forecasting， agricultural production， and hydrological processes.This study utilized meteorological observation data from the Arou site in the upper reaches of the Heihe River as the driving data for the Noah-MP model to conduct soil moisture simulation experiments， aiming to assess the soil moisture simulation performance of the Noah-MP model in the alpine mountainous area of the upper reaches of the Heihe River.Without considering uncertainties in model parameters and driving data， arbitrary combinations of the parameterization schemes for different physical processes of the Noah-MP model were made.A soil moisture multi-parameterization ensemble simulation experiment encompassing 17， 280 different combination schemes was designed.The Natural Selection sensitivity analysis method was employed to analyze the sensitivity of shallow soil moisture simulation results to the parameterization schemes and further quantify the uncertainty range of the simulation results of the soil moisture multi-parameterization ensemble.The results of this research indicate that the Noah-MP model can be applied to simulate soil moisture in the alpine mountainous area of the upper reaches of the Heihe river basin.The model demonstrates relatively high accuracy in simulating shallow soil moisture， and the simulated soil moisture change trends are generally consistent with the observed data.This consistency suggests that the Noah-MP model is well-suited for capturing the dynamics of shallow soil moisture in these regions.However， the simulation accuracy for deep soil moisture is relatively poor， with the simulated soil moisture change trends showing considerable deviations from the observed data.This suggests that there are still challenges in accurately modeling moisture dynamics at greater soil depths， potentially due to the complexity of subsurface hydrological processes in cold and mountainous environments.The analysis also reveals that shallow soil moisture simulation results are sensitive to the parameterization schemes of four physical processes： supercooled liquid water in frozen soil， frozen soil permeability， partitioning precipitation into rainfall and snowfall， and the first-layer snow or soil temperature time scheme.Among these， the parameterization scheme of frozen soil permeability is particularly sensitive， indicating that it plays a crucial role in determining the accuracy of the simulation results.During the soil freeze-thaw cycle in the alpine mountainous area of the upper reaches of the Heihe River， the simulation results of soil moisture during the freezing period showed increased sensitivity to parameterization schemes， making the selection of the parameterization scheme for the soil freezing process the main factor contributing to the uncertainty of the simulation results of the soil moisture multi-parameterization ensemble.…”
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Modeling and Exploratory Analysis of Discrete Event Simulations for Optimizing Overhead Hoist Transport Systems and Logistics in Semiconductor Manufacturing by Jin-Hyeon Sung, Seong-Hyeon Ju, Seung-Wan Cho, Hak-Jong Joo, Kyung-Min Seo, Bong-Gu Kang

“…Finally, the system controller is structured hierarchically and consists of an upper layer, known as the manufacturing control system, and subordinate layers. …”
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Phytochemical and pharmacological study of biologically active compounds and dry extracts of Populus rubrinervis Hort. Alb. buds of various polarities by E. A. Urbanchik, V. A. Kurkin, E. N. Zaitseva, V. M. Ryzhov, A. V. Dubishchev, A. S. Tsybina, A. I. Altareva, Yu. D. Sirotkina

“…By the method of thin-layer chromatography, it was determined that the dominant complexes of the lipophilic nature with pinostrobin are isolated in extract No. 1, phenolic substances of the glycoside nature prevail in extract No. 2. …”
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Prevalence and genetic characteristics of Campylobacter jejuni from laying-hens in Hubei Province, China by Shichang Kuang, Zhaoyang Wang, Xiuzhong Hu, Zeyuan Dong, Chun Wang, Yuncai Xiao, Zili Li, Deshi Shi, Shaowen Li, Zutao Zhou

“…Whole-genome sequencing of these 21 isolates revealed 11 distinct sequence types (STs) and eight clonal complexes (CCs), with ST-6522 and CC-443 emerging as the predominant genotypes. …”
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<i>Lactobacillus</i> Re-Engineers Gut Microbiota to Overcome <i>E. coli</i> Colonization Resistance in Mice by Jianlei Jia, Pengjia Bao, Qinran Yu, Ning Li, Hao Ren, Qian Chen, Ping Yan

“…While <i>Lactobacillus</i> species are recognized for their immunomodulatory properties, their precise mechanisms in regulating host anti-inflammatory gene expression and influencing mucosal layer maturation, particularly regarding <i>E. coli</i> colonization resistance, require further elucidation. …”
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GAN-enhanced deep learning for improved Alzheimer's disease classification and longitudinal brain change analysis by Purushottam Pandey, Surbhi Bhatia Khan, Surbhi Bhatia Khan, Surbhi Bhatia Khan, Jyoti Pruthi, Eid Albalawi, Ali Algarni, Ahlam Almusharraf

“…The ResNet101 model is augmented with innovative layers such as the pattern descriptor parsing operation (PDPO) and the detection convolutional kernel layer (DCK), which are designed to extract the most relevant features from datasets such as ADNI and OASIS. …”
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Quantum-Enhanced Predictive Degradation Pathway Optimization for PV Storage Systems: A Hybrid Quantum–Classical Approach for Maximizing Longevity and Efficiency by Dawei Wang, Shuang Zeng, Liyong Wang, Baoqun Zhang, Cheng Gong, Zhengguo Piao, Fuming Zheng

“…A three-layer hierarchical optimization structure is introduced, ensuring real-time degradation risk assessment, periodic dispatch optimization, and long-term predictive adjustments based on PV and battery aging trends. …”
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Functional thalamocortical innervation of VIP- and SST-expressing GABAergic interneurons in mouse barrel cortex by Michael Feyerabend, Mirko Witte, Martin Möck, Jochen F. Staiger

“…Summary: In sensory cortices, conscious perception of stimuli involves a complex interplay of excitatory and inhibitory circuits. …”
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Performance of multilayered porous breakwater under irregular waves having different wave spectrum by Santanu Kumar Dash, Santanu Koley, Subhendu Paul, Rajdip Dey, Maheswaran S

“…Abstract In this present work, the performance of a two‐layered thick porous breakwater of trapezoidal structure is investigated under the action of irregular waves. …”
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A systematic benchmark of integrative strategies for microbiome-metabolome data by Loïc Mangnier, Antoine Bodein, Margaux Mariaz, Alban Mathieu, Marie-Pier Scott-Boyer, Neerja Vashist, Matthew S. Bramble, Arnaud Droit

“…Abstract The rapid advancement of high-throughput sequencing technologies has enabled the integration of various omic layers into computational frameworks. Among these, metagenomics and metabolomics are increasingly studied for their roles in complex diseases. …”
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Microstructure and texture evolution in laser Shock Peened martensitic NiTi shape memory alloy by J.F. Xiao, Y.D. Jing, R. Esmaeilzadeh, C. Cayron, R.E. Logé

“…A gradient of orientation of martensite is observed after LSP impact: the upper layers show highly oriented martensite, characterized by blocky shapes; while the lower layers display more uniform and needle-like martensitic structures. …”
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Review of Active Plant Frost Protection Equipment and Technologies: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Prospects by Tianhong Liu, Songchao Zhang, Tao Sun, Cong Ma, Xinyu Xue

“…It also scrutinizes the challenges faced by current FP equipment, such as high costs, complex maintenance, and noise pollution. Air disturbance technology utilizes fans to mix upper and lower air layers, increasing the canopy temperature, with research focusing on fan optimization and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) application. …”
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Monolithic Modes of Oppression: An Intersectional Approach to Class and Gender in Tendulkar’s Kamala by Ayesha Izhar Chaudhri, Salma Khatoon, Asma Khatoon

“… The study aims to answer critical issues concerning the nuanced interplay of gender, class, and silence in shaping the experiences of South Asian women, as well as different layers of oppression that become the cause of multilayered identities. …”
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On the improvement of schizophrenia detection with optical coherence tomography data using deep neural networks and aggregation functions by Paweł Karczmarek, Małgorzata Plechawska-Wójcik, Adam Kiersztyn, Adam Domagała, Agnieszka Wolinska, Steven M. Silverstein, Kamil Jonak, Paweł Krukow

“…Abstract Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder with a complex neurobiological background and a well-defined psychopathological picture. …”
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REGIONAL STRUCTURAL‐TECTONIC ZONING OF THE UPPER CRUST OF TRANSBAIKALIA BASED ON SEISMOGRAVITATIONAL DATA ALONG REFERENCE PROFILE 1‐SB by V. D. Suvorov, E. A. Melnik, E. V. Pavlov, A. S. Salnikov

“…The potentiality of the conventional method based on refrac‐ tion/wide‐angle reflection traveltimes, which has been so far applied to plane‐parallel layered earth, is extended onto deformed crust with lateral and vertical inhomogeneities due to advanced processing technologies. …”
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Kolmogorov-Arnold Vision Transformer for Image Reconstruction in Lung Electrical Impedance Tomography by Ibrar Amin, Shuaikai Shi, Hasan AlMarzouqi, Zeyar Aung, Waqar Ahmed, Panos Liatsis

“…The proposed model is a hybrid of the vision transformer and the recently introduced Kolmogorov Arnold Network (KAN). The fully connected layers in the transformer are replaced with KAN layers, which enhances its ability to learn the complex relationship between the voltage measurements and the conductivity distribution within the lungs. …”
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3D Printing Properties of Surimi Inks Modulated by Bigels by WU Jiajie, TIAN Han, ZHONG Changxiu, CAI Xixi, HUANG Jianlian, WAN Shuo, CHEN Xu, WANG Shaoyun

“…The surimi inks with bigels were able to continuously print up to 40 layers of 20.00 mm × 20.00 mm × 40.00 mm rectangular structures and some types of complex structures. …”
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MSPB-YOLO: High-Precision Detection Algorithm of Multi-Site Pepper Blight Disease Based on Improved YOLOv8 by Xiaodong Zheng, Zichun Shao, Yile Chen, Hui Zeng, Junming Chen

“…In response to the challenges of low accuracy in traditional pepper blight identification under natural complex conditions, particularly in detecting subtle infections on early-stage leaves, stems, and fruits. …”
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Investigation of Analog Memristor Characteristics for Hardware Synaptic Weight in Multilayer Neural Network by Jingon Jang, Yoonseok Song, Sungjun Park

“…In this manner, it is important to systematically investigate the specific requirements of memristor characteristics associated with the capability to emulate plenty of synaptic weight elements linked between constituent layers in neural networks. Here, the learning capabilities of analog conductance state of memristor device for the perceptron of unstructured complex dataset in multilayer neural network are analyzed in terms of the number of analog state, nonlinearity, and conductance error. …”
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Multi-Class Brain Lesion Classification Using Deep Transfer Learning With MobileNetV3 by Ahmed Firas Majeed, Pedram Salehpour, Leili Farzinvash, Saeid Pashazadeh

“…However, many existing models used for this purpose are complex and involve numerous parameters and layers. …”
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