Multiple color images security by SPN over the residue classes of Gaussian integer $$\:Z{\left[i\right]}_{h}$$ by Muhammad Sajjad, Tariq Shah, Rafik Hamza, Bander Almutairi, Robinson Julian Serna

“…In the present work, the S-boxes are constructed using the properties of Gaussian Integers and inverse of affine then affine maps, where first S-box holds the roles of substitution layer and the second S-box looks after the permutation layer. …”
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An online and real-time adaptive operational modal parameter identification method based on fog computing in Internet of Things by Cheng Wang, Haiyang Huang, Jianwei Chen, Wei Wei, Tian Wang

“…This four-layer framework introduces fog computing to solve tasks that cloud computing cannot handle in real time. …”
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Hierarchical Service Composition via Blockchain-enabled Federated Learning by Li Huang, Lu Zhao, Yansong Liu, Yao Zhao

“…HSC comprises an initialization phase and two selection layers. The first selection layer enables each CSP to efficiently select services using a pre-trained model, while the second selection layer employs a blockchain-based QoS-aware mechanism for the final composition result, addressing privacy concerns. …”
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Hyperbolic multi-channel hypergraph convolutional neural network based on multilayer hypergraph by Libing Bai, Feng Hu, Chunyang Tang, Zhangyu Mei, Chuang Liu

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Subtropical forest macro-decomposers rapidly transfer litter carbon and nitrogen into soil mineral-associated organic matter by Guoxiang Niu, Tao Liu, Zhen Zhao, Xuebing Zhang, Huiling Guan, Xiaoxiang He, Xiankai Lu

“…Changes in the OC distribution in the 0–5 ​cm soil layer are likely due to a decrease in soil pH and an increase in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), while those in the 5–10 ​cm layer are probably caused by increases in soil exchangeable Ca and Mg, in addition to fungi and gram-negative (GN) bacteria. …”
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Source of mine water during coal mining in the contiguous area of Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi by Jian YANG, Hui LI

“…Accurate assessment of the leakage from various aquifers within the overburden is a complex task, thereby complicating the development of scientifically sound and targeted strategies for water conservation during coal mining. …”
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Diversity mechanisms of long-term changes in phytoplankton biomass and productivity in the Southern Ocean: comparison in the Amundsen and Cosmonaut Seas by Xinyu Zheng, Yan Bai, Yan Bai, Yan Bai, Yifan Zhang, Xianqiang He, Xianqiang He, Xianqiang He, Teng Li, Fang Gong

“…Environmental parameters, including sea surface temperature (SST), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and wind speed (WS), sea ice concentration (SIC) and mixed layer depth (MLD), were examined to elucidate their roles in driving phytoplankton variability in the Amundsen and Cosmonaut Seas.ResultsDuring positive SAM phases, Chla and NPP generally increased across both seas, but local ocean circulation led to divergent subregional trends. …”
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Microcirculatory and functional changes in the retina and visual channels in multiple sclerosis by E. P. Lantukh, M. V. Zueva, I. V. Tsapenko, O. V. Zaitseva, M. N. Zakharova, N. M. Maglakelidze, T. O. Simaniv

“…A decrease in the thickness of the ganglion cells (GCC) complex correlated highly with reduced microcirculation in the superficial capillary plexus. …”
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Stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases in a child with extra-skeletal Ewing's sarcoma by T. S. Rogova, P. G. Sakun, V. I. Voshedskii, S. G. Vlasov, L. Y. Rozenko, E. A. Karnaukhova, O. G. Rodionova, M. A. Komandirov, E. A. Gorbunova, S. A. Kuznetsov, M. V. Strazhetskaya, G. A. Mkrtchyan, D. Y. Yurchenko, E. E. Pak, A. I. Bespalova

“…High accuracy of tumor irradiation is ensured by rigid immobilization of the patient (using stereotactic frames or individual three-layer thermoplastic masks) in combination with positioning of the patient and control of his position by orthogonal X-rays. …”
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Multiclass skin lesion classification and localziation from dermoscopic images using a novel network-level fused deep architecture and explainable artificial intelligence by Mehak Arshad, Muhammad Attique Khan, Nouf Abdullah Almujally, Areej Alasiry, Mehrez Marzougui, Yunyoung Nam

“…Feature extraction was performed with a global average pooling layer, and shallow neural networks were used for final classification. …”
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Auto-resolving the atomic structure at van der Waals interfaces using a generative model by Wenqiang Huang, Yucheng Jin, Zhemin Li, Lin Yao, Yun Chen, Zheng Luo, Shen Zhou, Jinguo Lin, Feng Liu, Zhifeng Gao, Jun Cheng, Linfeng Zhang, Fangping Ouyang, Jin Zhang, Shanshan Wang

“…However, a rapid, accurate, and robust approach to automatically resolve complex patterns in atomic-resolution microscopy remains difficult to implement. …”
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Surface in-situ graphitization and properties of amorphous carbon film induced by laser irradiation by Zan Chen, Xubing Wei, Shiqi Lu, Jiaqing Ding, Naizhou Du, Cunao Feng, Kai Chen, Peng Guo, Kwang-Ryeol Lee, Guangan Zhang, Xiaowei Li

“…However, traditional modified methods, such as metal catalysis, addition of extra graphite or graphene, and annealing, often have drawbacks, such as complex operation, structural damage to the graphitized layer and intrinsic a-C films. …”
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Numerical analysis of heat and mass transfer in eyring-powell fluid employing python with convective boundary conditions by Chenxu Duan, Muflih Alhazmi, Zahoor Shah, Hamza iqbal, Maryam Jawaid, Mhassen E.E. Dalam, Mohammed M.A. Almazah

“…This innovative approach provides a modern, flexible framework to solve highly complex problems of non-Newtonian flow.…”
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From genotype to phenotype: decoding mutations in blasts by holo-tomographic flow cytometry by Daniele Pirone, Concetta Di Natale, Maria Di Summa, Nicola Mosca, Giusy Giugliano, Michela Schiavo, Daniele Florio, Daniela Marasco, Pier Luca Maffettone, Lisa Miccio, Pasquale Memmolo, Pietro Ferraro

“…However, traditional HT methods analyze adherent cells in a 2D layer, leading to non-isotropic reconstructions due to missing cone artifacts. …”
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Leaf Morpho-Anatomy of Twelve <i>Cymbidium</i> (Orchidaceae) Species from China and Their Taxonomic Significance by Xiangke Hu, Lei Tao, Jialin Huang, Kaifeng Tao, Dong Ma, Lu Li

“…The mesophyll cells were homogeneous in 10 species, with the exception of a layer of parenchyma cells resembling palisade cells occurring in <i>C. lancifolium</i> and <i>C. qiubeiense</i>. …”
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Rapid enrichment and SERS detection of fenitrothion and methyl parathion in vegetable and fruit juices using a dual-functionalized microneedle by Mengping Zhang, Hui Pan, Yafen Zeng, Xiao Meng, Wenwen Chen, Meng Jin, Hua Shao, Haiyan Wei, Cuijuan Wang

“…A point-of-use SERS-active microneedle was developed with rough silver covered with an Au layer for ultrafast electro-enhanced microextraction (EEM) and sensitive SERS response toward real-time monitoring. …”
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Urban Built Environment as a Predictor for Coronary Heart Disease—A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Machine Learning by Dan Jiang, Fei Guo, Ziteng Zhang, Xiaoqing Yu, Jing Dong, Hongchi Zhang, Zhen Zhang

“…The relationship between coronary heart disease (CHD) and complex urban built environments remains a subject of considerable uncertainty. …”
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Seepage control effect and sensitivity analysis of anti-seepage measures for sand-mudstone interbedded foundation by Lifeng WEN, Shaobo SUN, Yanlong LI, Minxia WANG, Chen ZHANG, Xin TIAN

“…Sand-mudstone interbedded frock mass presents a typical complex geological condition, with a highly intricate seepage field distribution. …”
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Characteristics of Flux Footprint over Typical Underlying Surface of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau by Zixin WANG, Lei ZHONG, Yaoming MA, Yunfei FU

“…The heterogeneity of the underlying surface affects the accuracy and representativeness of the land-atmosphere flux observation.The study on the flux footprint distribution of complex underlying surface over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau （QXP） is of great significance to the observation and simulation of land-atmosphere interaction and its influence on weather and climate.Flux footprint analysis plays a pivotal role in investigating the spatial representativeness of flux observation information.The Flux Footprint Prediction （FFP） model represents a proficient methodology for computing the flux footprint.Based on the observation data from multiple research stations， including the Qomolangma Atmospheric and Environmental Observation and Research Station， the Ngari Desert Observation and Research Station， the Nam Co Monitoring and Research Station for Multisphere Interactions， the Muztagh Ata Westerly Observation and Research Station， the Southeast Tibet Observation and Research Station for the Alpine Environment in 2013， the FFP model was utilized to investigate the sensitivity of model parameters concerning flux footprint distribution.Additionally， the spatiotemporal characteristics and specific influencing factors of flux footprint distribution at different stations were discussed， thereby providing valuable insights for the erection of future observing stations.The results reveal that the primary determinants of flux footprint are measurement height， wind speed and wind direction.Characterized by an underlying surface of evergreen coniferous forest， flux footprint at Linzhi station exhibits greater sensitivity to measurement height and planetary boundary layer depth compared to the other stations.In the QXP， the spatial extent of the flux footprint derived from the ultrasonic anemometer measurements ranges from approximately 250 m to 500 m.Among the five stations， Qomo station exhibited the lowest frequency of stable stratification times during daytime， representing 15.69% of the daytime data points， whereas Ali station had the lowest occurrence of unstable stratification times during nighttime， comprising for 13.32% of the nighttime data points.At these five stations on the TP， the nocturnal flux footprints demonstrate greater width and extent compared to their daytime counterparts.In summer， due to the influence of monsoon， the axis of flux footprint tends to be more consistent.Lake-land breeze at Nam Co station is the main factor affecting flux footprint， whereas glacier wind at Qomo station is the dominant factor.Linzhi station possesses the smallest footprint due to the smallest mean wind speed， thus demonstrating the highest level of representativeness among these five stations.Lowering the height of observation instruments at Qomo and Nam Co stations could potentially enhance the representativeness of in situ measurements.…”
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HSF-DETR: Hyper Scale Fusion Detection Transformer for Multi-Perspective UAV Object Detection by Yi Mao, Haowei Zhang, Rui Li, Feng Zhu, Rui Sun, Pingping Ji

“…Second, building upon features extracted by HPFNet, we develop MultiScaleNet, which enhances feature representation through dual-layer optimization and cross-domain feature learning, significantly improving the model’s capability to handle complex aerial scenarios with diverse object orientations. …”
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