Understanding Multiple Sclerosis Pathophysiology and Current Disease-Modifying Therapies: A Review of Unaddressed Aspects by Eiman M. A. Mohammed

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) with an unknown etiology and pathophysiology that is not completely understood. …”
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Gender Inequalities in Contexts of Disasters of Natural Origin: A Systematic Review by Virginia Cocina-Díaz, Sandra Dema-Moreno, Mar Llorente-Marrón

“…Based on these results, we suggest future lines of research aimed at covering research gaps that exist in the literature. …”
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Decoding the water-energy-food nexus: validating indicators amidst climate change and agro-societal shifts by Ebrahim Farmandeh, Shahla Choobchian, Shobeir Karami

“…While numerous tools have been developed to study the Nexus, significant knowledge gaps remain, particularly concerning the validity of indicators that capture the complex interactions among its components. …”
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Regulators and Effectors of Arf GTPases in Neutrophils by Jouda Gamara, François Chouinard, Lynn Davis, Fawzi Aoudjit, Sylvain G. Bourgoin

“…Association of the NADPH oxidase complex at the phagosomal membrane for production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and delivery of proteolytic enzymes into the phagosome initiate pathogen killing and removal. …”
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The Russian-German book relations historiography by K. V. Petrov

“…The author made a conclusion on the necessity of a complex approach to investigate the Russian-German book contacts in the historical-cultural context.…”
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Autoimmune mechanisms in Guillain-Barré syndrome subtypes: a systematic review by O. I. Oshomoji, J. O. Ajiroba, S. O. Semudara, M. A. Olayemi, S. O. Adeoye

“…Abstract Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a complex autoimmune disorder characterized by acute onset of motor weakness, often following an infectious illness. …”
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General framework of nonlinear factor interactions using bayesian networks for risk analysis applied to road safety and public health by Cinzia Carrodano

“…However, traditional linear models often fail to capture these complex interdependencies, leading to significant gaps in risk prediction. …”
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Generative AI in Shariah Advisory in Islamic Finance: An Experimental Study by Muhammad Noman Jokhio, Muhammad Asif Jaffer

“…However, their inconsistent ability to offer actionable guidance highlights gaps in handling complex scenarios. While these tools can enhance efficiency in Shariah advisory by streamlining routine tasks, their limitations underscore the need for human oversight and domain-specific refinement. …”
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Three-Dimensional Copulas: A Generalized Convex Mixture Copulas Strategy by Christophe Chesneau

“…Copulas are multi-dimensional probabilistic functions that play a crucial role in modeling complex dependence structures between random variables. …”
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Beneath the surface: unveiling the gut–brain axis in anorexia and depression by Fatima Shahid, Zain Afridi, Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Nabeel Saddique, Javed Iqbal, Anurag Jha

“…Abstract Anorexia nervosa (AN) and depression are complex conditions with high comorbidity, impacting mental and physical health. …”
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Sustainability Practices in Hospitals: A Systematic Literature Review and Research Agenda by Melinda Ibrahim, Abdul Ghofar, Lilik Purwanti, Syaiful Iqbal

“…This comprehensive analysis reveals key gaps in the literature and proposes relevant directions for future research. …”
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The relationship between commodity types, spatial characteristics, and distance optimality of logistics facilities by Takanori Sakai, Kazuya Kawamura, Tetsuro Hyodo

“…The analysis sheds light on the complex relationship between the location and “distance optimality gap,” defined as the gap between the minimum travel distance possible and the actual distance traveled by goods vehicles. …”
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Cystic fibrosis-related bone disease: an update on screening, diagnosis, and treatment by Crystal Cobb, Malinda Wu, Vin Tangpricha

“…Cystic fibrosis-related bone disease (CFBD) is a common endocrinopathy in people living with cystic fibrosis (CF) that is complex and multifactorial in origin. People with CF experience high rates of progressive bone density loss and increased fracture risk. …”
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Hospital Discharge Summaries Are Insufficient Following ICU Stays: A Qualitative Study by Katrina E. Hauschildt, PhD, Rachel K. Hechtman, MD, Hallie C. Prescott, MD, MSc, Theodore J. Iwashyna, MD, PhD

“…Information desired included life-support interventions provided and duration (mechanical ventilation, dialysis, etc.), reasons for treatment decisions (code status changes, medication changes, etc.), and potential complications (delirium, dysphagia, postintensive care syndrome, etc.). Pervasive discharge gaps (ongoing needs, incidental findings, etc.) were described as worse among patients with ICU stays due to more complex illness and required interventions. …”
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A New Clinical Entity Bridging the Cardiovascular System and the Kidney: The Chronic Cardiovascular-Kidney Disorder by Carmine Zoccali

“…This syndrome emphasizes the complexity of managing patients with combined conditions and identifies several knowledge gaps, including disease mechanisms, clinical phenotype variability, and the impact of social determinants of health. …”
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Understanding patient pathways to Mother and Baby Units: a longitudinal retrospective service evaluation in the UK by Nikolina Jovanović, Žan Lep, Giles Berrisford, Aysegul Dirik, Julia Barber, Bukola Kelani, Olivia Protti

“…This dual interpretation calls for future research to explore whether pathway differences among ethnic groups result from optimal clinical decision-making or gaps in care provision. Future work Should further examine the role of ethnicity in shaping care pathways; explore the link between care pathway types and treatment outcomes; investigate if simple or complex pathways result from optimal clinical decisions or gaps in the healthcare system and explore admissions to general wards versus Mother and Baby Units and transitions between these units. …”
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Unexpected Zoonotic and Hybrid Schistosome Egg Excretion Patterns, Malawi, 2024 by Angus M. O’Ferrall, Sekeleghe A. Kayuni, Lucas J. Cunningham, Peter Makaula, John Archer, Adam P. Roberts, Janelisa Musaya, J. Russell Stothard

“… Two exemplary cases of mixed urogenital and intestinal schistosomiasis in Malawi show hybridizations of Schistosoma mattheei with S. haematobium and S. mansoni, indicating newly emerging genetic diversity. Complex egg excretion patterns in feces expose current diagnostic gaps and alert to future sampling needs for effective surveillance of zoonotic schistosomiasis. …”
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Stroke Prevention With Oral Anticoagulants in High-Risk Atrial Fibrillation in an Aging Population by Ken Okumura, MD, PhD, Masaharu Akao, MD, PhD, Shinya Suzuki, MD, PhD, Takeshi Yamashita, MD, PhD

“…Elderly and very elderly patients often have complex medical needs, including comorbidities and polypharmacy. …”
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Reboundless design: towards the prevention of rebound effects by design by Daniela C. A. Pigosso

“…In this position paper, three fundamental scientific gaps hampering the prevention of rebound effects are discussed: (1) limited knowledge about the rebound effects triggered by efficiency–effectiveness–sufficiency strategies; (2) the influence of the counterintuitive behaviour of complex socio-technical systems in giving rise to rebound effects is not yet understood and (3) the bounded rationality within design limits the understanding of rebound effects at a broader systemic level. …”
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A Review of Artificial Intelligence Interventions for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder by Sofia Kotsi, Spyridoula Handrinou, Georgia Iatraki, Spyridon-Georgios Soulis

“…Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with challenges in social communication and interaction as well as stereotyped and repetitive behaviors, interests, and activities. …”
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