CFD modelling and simulation of anaerobic digestion reactors for energy generation from organic wastes: A comprehensive review by Muhammad Usman Farid, Indiana A. Olbert, Andreas Bück, Abdul Ghafoor, Guangxue Wu

“…Anaerobic digestion (AD) has been recognized as one of the most viable options for the treatment of a wide range of waste materials. Complex structure of wastes is safely broken down to destroy pollutants and pathogens. …”
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Performance evaluation, prediction analysis and optimization of experimental ORC using artificial neural networks (ANN) by Diki Ismail Permana, Federico Fagioli, Maurizio De Lucia, Dani Rusirawan, Istvan Farkas

“…While many experimental studies on ORC have been conducted, significant gaps remain in accurately predicting unknown or unmeasured data and identifying optimal operating conditions. …”
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Role of artificial intelligence in imaging and endoscopy for the diagnosis, monitoring and prognostication of inflammatory bowel disease: a scoping review protocol by Mallory Chavannes, Bram Verstockt, Mariangela Allocca, David T Rubin, Kerri Novak, Lynn Kysh, Noa Krugliak Cleveland, Michael Todd Dolinger, Tom S Robbins, Shintaro Sagami

“…Their assessment and monitoring are becoming increasingly important, though complex. The best disease control is achieved through tight monitoring of objective inflammatory parameters (such as serum and stool inflammatory markers), cross-sectional imaging and endoscopic assessment. …”
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Assessing the quality of AI information from ChatGPT regarding oral surgery, preventive dentistry, and oral cancer: An exploration study by Arwa A. Alsayed, Mariam B. Aldajani, Marwan H. Aljohani, Hamdan Alamri, Maram A. Alwadi, Bodor Z. Alshammari, Falah R. Alshammari

“…Results: While achieving the highest score for preventive dentistry at 4.3/5 and being able to communicate the complex information coherently, the tool showed lower accuracy for oral surgery and oral cancer, scoring 3.9/5 and 3.6/5, respectively, with several gaps for post-operative instructions, personalized risk assessments, and specialized diagnostic methods. …”
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Study protocol for the Rainbow Austrian Longitudinal Family (RALF) study: a longitudinal, multi-method, multi-rater investigation of risk and resilience factors in Austrian LGBTQ+ ... by Betty Geidel, Magdalena Siegel, David Steyrl, Abbie E. Goldberg, Guy Bodenmann, Martina Zemp

“…Addressing these research gaps quantitatively poses challenges for researchers, because traditional modelling techniques based on (generalized) linear models are not ideally suited to capture the complexity and intersectionality of family experiences. …”
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Siloed funding of multibenefit projects highlights the need for funding programs that integrate cobenefits by Marie Grimm, Anna Serra-Llobet, Molly Bruce, Michael Kiparsky

“…Multibenefit projects, such as integrated flood risk management projects, are gaining attention as solutions for complex social and environmental challenges. Among other benefits, these projects offer opportunities to combine flood risk reduction, restoration, and climate resilience. …”
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Mapping Urban Areas and Infrastructure Through Fusion of Airborne SAR 3-D Images: A Comparative Study With ALS Sensors by Elias Mendez Dominguez, Peter Brotzer, Emiliano Casalini, David Small

“…Digital surface models (DSMs) from airborne laser scanning (ALS) serve as high-quality references but often lack wall information and exhibit gaps in vertical structures. This study explores the effectiveness of airborne SAR in mapping complex urban geometries and compares the results to ALS data, including point clouds and DSMs. …”
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Validated and culturally specific screening tools and early response programs for the detection and prevention of eating disorders among First Nations peoples in Australia: a scopi... by Mark John Castro, Zyana Gall, Alana Gall, Hilary Smith, Kanita Kunaratnam

“…Abstract Background Eating disorders (EDs) are complex mental health conditions that can have severe health consequences, exacerbating the overall disease burden and causing significant economic impacts on healthcare systems. …”
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AI and Primary Care: Scoping Review by Gellert Katonai, Nora Arvai, Bertalan Mesko

“…However, existing research often overlooks how AI tools function within the complex realities of primary care and how clinicians and patients experience them. …”
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Post-stroke dysphagia: identifying the evidence missing by Zicong Wang, Zicong Wang, Ran Shi, Paulo Moreira, Paulo Moreira, Paulo Moreira

“…Although there is plenty of evidence exploring the correlation between stroke site and swallowing disorders, the pathophysiological mechanisms between the two are complex, and expert interpretations of the evidence and clinical opinions vary on which swallowing abnormalities occur. …”
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A Systematic Review of Contemporary Challenges and Debates on Chinese Food Security: Integrating Priorities, Trade-Offs, and Policy Pathways by Rong Zeng, Meseret C. Abate, Baozhong Cai, Amsalu K. Addis, Yonas Derebe Dereso

“…Although food security has been a long-standing focus of research and policy in China, significant gaps remain in synthesizing evolving debates across multiple disciplines such as agriculture, economics, environmental science, and politics. …”
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Medical decision-making experiences of persons with dementia and their carepartners: a qualitative study by Thalia Porteny, Mary Lynch, Audrey Covaleski, Jennifer Tjia, Priscilla Gazarian, Amanda J Reich, Stephen Perez, Kristen Kennefick, Joel S. Weissman, Keren Ladin

“…This study informs gaps in clinical guidance for patient-centered decision-making about medical and surgical interventions for PWD and advancecare planning. …”
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Sustainable Energy and Exergy Analysis in Offshore Wind Farms Using Machine Learning: A Systematic Review by Hamid Reza Soltani Motlagh, Seyed Behbood Issa-Zadeh, Abdul Hameed Kalifullah, Arife Tugsan Isiacik Colak, Md Redzuan Zoolfakar

“…In addition, it critically identifies current gaps in existing software tools, such as inadequate real-time data processing and limited user interface design, which hinder the practical implementation of ML solutions. …”
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Genomic signatures of habitat isolation and paleo-climate unveil the “island-like” pattern in the glasshouse plant Rheum nobile by Hum Kala Rana, Santosh Kumar Rana, Hang Sun, Dong Luo

“…While there is growing research on the genetic mechanisms underlying the distinctiveness of species in these regions, gaps remain in understanding the specific genomic processes shaping the “island-like” genetic structure of Rheum nobile. …”
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Short Medical Missions During Wartime: The Sudanese American Medical Association’s Experience in Sudan in 2024 by Mohamed Almahal, Mohamed Ahmed, Omer Abdalla, Omnia Sharef, Salaheldin Abusin, Yasir Hamad, Amir Elhassan, Sami Abd Elwahab

“…The missions tackled critical gaps by prioritizing flexible logistics, local partnerships, and hybrid education while adjusting to complex operational constraints. …”
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Cybersecurity in Connected and Autonomous Vehicles: A Systematic Review of Automotive Security by Rafael Abreu, Frederico Branco, Manuel J. Cabral S. Reis, Carlos Serodio

“…This review identifies significant gaps in the literature, particularly in integrating Security Information and Event Management systems and the real-world validation of proposed security measures. …”
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Advanced Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approaches for Estimating the Remaining Life of EV Batteries—A Review by Daniel H. de la Iglesia, Carlos Chinchilla Corbacho, Jorge Zakour Dib, Vidal Alonso-Secades, Alfonso J. López Rivero

“…The review introduces an innovative clustering approach that provides a nuanced understanding of research trends and methodological gaps. In addition, we discuss the ethical implications of DL in RUL estimation, addressing concerns about privacy and algorithmic bias. …”
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Evaluating the impact of undergraduate ophthalmology education on medical students’ competency in eye care: a cross-sectional study in Jordan by Rami Al-Omari, Khayry Al-Shami, Almu’atasim Khamees, Saja Karaja, Danya Radaideah, Omamah Shlool, Nedalaldeen Alnajadat, Ameera Basim Issa Etoom, Manar Al-Shami

“…A significant proportion demonstrated proficiency in basic ophthalmic science, particularly in recognizing refractive problems and anatomical structures of the eye. Gaps were identified in understanding advanced topics such as aqueous regulation and the social-psychological impacts of visual impairment. …”
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Methods for Detection, Extraction, Purification, and Characterization of Exopolysaccharides of Lactic Acid Bacteria—A Systematic Review by Manoj Kumar Yadav, Ji Hoon Song, Robie Vasquez, Jae Seung Lee, In Ho Kim, Dae-Kyung Kang

“…Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are large-molecular-weight, complex carbohydrate molecules and extracellularly secreted bio-polymers released by many microorganisms, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB). …”
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RDAU-Net: A U-Shaped Semantic Segmentation Network for Buildings near Rivers and Lakes Based on a Fusion Approach by Yipeng Wang, Dongmei Wang, Teng Xu, Yifan Shi, Wenguang Liang, Yihong Wang, George P. Petropoulos, Yansong Bao

“…First, we designed a residual dynamic short-cut down-sampling (RDSC) module to minimize the interference of complex building shapes and building scale differences on the segmentation results; second, we reduced the semantic and resolution gaps between multi-scale features using a multi-channel cross fusion transformer module (MCCT); finally, a double-feature channel-wise fusion attention (DCF) was designed to improve the model’s ability to depict building edge details and to reduce the influence of similar features on the model. …”
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