3D modeling of bolus for producing by prototyping and use in radiation therapy by Larissa Cristina Silva dos Santos, José Wilson Vieira, Fernando Roberto de Andrade Lima, Alex Cristóvão Holanda de Oliveira

“…In order to eliminate these air gaps and possible dose distribution errors, two methodologies for individualized bolus construction were proposed. …”
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Death and dying in prehospital care: what are the experiences and issues for prehospital practitioners, families and bystanders? A scoping review by Alison Richardson, Michelle Myall, Helen Pocock, Robert Crouch, Charles Deakin, Susi Lund, Alison Rowsell, Mick Arber, Joanne Turnbull

“…An important outcome is identifying current gaps in knowledge where further empirical research is needed. …”
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Deep learning optimization of STAR-RIS for enhanced data rate and energy efficiency in 6G wireless networks by Amal Megahed, Ahmed. M. Abd El-Haleem, Mahmoud M. Elmesalawy, Ibrahim I. Ibrahim

“…Practical deployment issues like power management and interference control also lack adequate research. Addressing these gaps is crucial for advancing STAR-RIS technology in this paper. …”
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A critical review of laser welding of steel with titanium alloys for biomedical applications: challenges, developments, and properties by Amit Ratan Biswas, Nirvik Banerjee, Prosun Mondal, Saikat Ranjan Maity, Binayak Sen, Abhijit Bhowmik, Muhammad Imam Ammarullah

“…Emerging biomedical devices like implantable microsystems present new assembly and packaging challenges due to their miniaturization, complex integration, and diverse material combinations. …”
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Unravelling the effects of climate change on the soil-plant-atmosphere interactions: A critical review by Maria Nahin Oishy, Nigar Ahmmad Shemonty, Sadia Islam Fatema, Sadika Mahbub, Ebadunnahar Lukhna Mim, Maimuna Binte Hasan Raisa, Amit Hasan Anik

“…The soil-plant-atmosphere nexus is vital in terrestrial ecosystems, featuring complex feedback loops that link soil, plant, and atmospheric processes. …”
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Infilling of missing rainfall radar data with a memory-assisted deep learning approach by J. Meuer, L. M. Bouwer, L. M. Bouwer, F. Kaspar, R. Lehmann, W. Karl, T. Ludwig, C. Kadow

“…Although recent machine learning advancements have shown promise in addressing missing meteorological or satellite observations, they typically focus on spatial aspects, overlooking the complex spatiotemporal variability characteristic of precipitation, especially during extreme events. …”
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The apple of discord: can spider cocoons be equipped with antimicrobial factors?—a systematic review by Mateusz Glenszczyk, Artur Lis, Weronika Porc, Magdalena Pacwa-Płociniczak, Agnieszka Babczyńska

“…This review highlights that the potential interplay of these factors may be complex and possibly influenced by ecological and biological contexts. …”
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Enhancing Multi-User Activity Recognition in an Indoor Environment with Augmented Wi-Fi Channel State Information and Transformer Architectures by MD Irteeja Kobir, Pedro Machado, Ahmad Lotfi, Daniyal Haider, Isibor Kennedy Ihianle

“…However, current research faces challenges such as the need for substantial annotated training data, class imbalance, and poor generalisability in complex, multi-user environments where labelled data is often scarce. …”
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Biomimetic Robotics and Sensing for Healthcare Applications and Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review by H. M. K. K. M. B. Herath, Nuwan Madusanka, S. L. P. Yasakethu, Chaminda Hewage, Byeong-Il Lee

“…To advance this field effectively, it is essential to synthesize existing research, identify persistent knowledge gaps, and establish clear frameworks to guide future developments. …”
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Evolutionary Reinforcement Learning: A Systematic Review and Future Directions by Yuanguo Lin, Fan Lin, Guorong Cai, Hong Chen, Linxin Zou, Yunxuan Liu, Pengcheng Wu

“…In response to the limitations of reinforcement learning and Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) in complex problem-solving, Evolutionary Reinforcement Learning (EvoRL) has emerged as a synergistic solution. …”
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Review of Tribological and Wear Behavior of Alloys Fabricated via Directed Energy Deposition Additive Manufacturing by Nika Zakerin, Khashayar Morshed-Behbahani, Donald Paul Bishop, Ali Nasiri

“…Additive manufacturing (AM) is a rapidly evolving technology that enables the fabrication of complex 3D components across a wide range of materials and applications. …”
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Tau and tauopathies across primate species: implications for modeling neurodegenerative disorders by Julia C. Colwell, Julia C. Colwell, Marina E. Emborg, Marina E. Emborg, Marina E. Emborg

“…The main goal of this review is to analyze available reports on tau pathologies and models of tauopathies in NHPs considering the complexity of the tau protein and associated tau pathologies. …”
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Land degradation neutrality: a pathway to achieving sustainable development goals and ecosystem resilience by Sukhendu Nandi, Soumyadeep Das, Subrata Gorain, Suman Dutta, Malini Roy Choudhury, Sumanta Das

“…Despite its significance, achieving LDN remains a complex challenge due to financial limitations, fragmented policies, and inadequate monitoring mechanisms. …”
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Optimizing Conservative Management of Groin Pain in Athletes: Insights from a Narrative Review by Roberto Tedeschi, Federica Giorgi, Daniela Platano, Lisa Berti, Danilo Donati

“…<b>Background:</b> Groin pain is a complex and multifactorial condition commonly observed in athletes, often impairing performance and quality of life. …”
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Identifying stakeholders and analyzing their concerns about African swine fever control in wild boar by Janine Miesch, Jana Schulz, Barbara Thür, Katja Schulz, Annika Frahsa, Salome Dürr

“…Controlling ASF in wild boar populations is complex and requires coordination among diverse stakeholders with varying roles and interests. …”
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Fishmeal substitutions and their implications for aquatic animal immune and gut function: A review by Venerability Dhar, Soibam Khogen Singh, Swapnil Ananda Narsale, Sourabh Debbarma, Pritisha Saikia, Yilbong Yirang

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The Power of Social Media: Shaping Risk Perception and Investment Decisions Among Young Equity Investors by Ika Yoga, Rina Hastuti, Wahyu Pramesti, Anim Rahmayati

“…Additionally, this study fills gaps in the literature by exploring how social media shapes risk perception and investment decisions…”
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Stress-guided lightweight design and optimisation for 3D printing sacrificial moulds by Wenpeng Xu, Ning Zhang, Hao Xu, Liuchao Jin, Jingchao Jiang

“…Currently, with the development of additive manufacturing technologies, complex and light-weight mould structures can be fabricated easily with a low cost. …”
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Remote Sensing of Alpine Peatlands: Challenges of Mapping Thousands of Sparse Small Sites Scattered Across Extensive Mountainous Territories by Qiqi Li, Manudeo Singh, Sonia Silvestri

“…However, they are globally understudied, including those in the Italian Alps, which host thousands of small sites averaging under 1 ha. Their complex geomorphology makes detection challenging with single‐sensor, low‐resolution remote sensing imagery. …”
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The burden of malaria in East Africa: prevalence, risk factors, and control strategies by Sharmake Gaiye Bashir, Naima Ibrahim Ahmed, Yakub Burhan Abdullahi, Yusuf Hared Abdi, Mohamed Sharif Abdi, Muhammad Kabir Musa

“…Despite national strategies and donor-funded efforts, the disease persists due to complex, intersecting biological, environmental, and socioeconomic drivers. …”
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