Measuring Competency: Improving the validity of your procedural performance assessments by Pamela B. Andreatta, PhD, Christopher H. Renninger, MD, Mark W. Bowyer, MD, Jennifer M. Gurney, MD

“…Ordinal scales overestimated competence in up to 100% of the participants and did not identify specific performance gaps. Interval scales provided more granularity and identified specific capability gaps. …”
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Comparative Analysis of Generative Artificial Intelligence Systems in Solving Clinical Pharmacy Problems: Mixed Methods Study by Lulu Li, Pengqiang Du, Xiaojing Huang, Hongwei Zhao, Ming Ni, Meng Yan, Aifeng Wang

“…ResultsDeepSeek-R1 (DeepSeek) achieved the highest overall performance (mean composite score: medication consultation 9.4, SD 1.0; case analysis 9.3, SD 1.0), significantly outperforming others in complex tasks (PMycoplasma pneumoniaeP ConclusionsWhile generative AI shows promise as a pharmacist assistance tool, significant limitations—including high-risk errors (eg, contraindication omissions), inadequate localization, and complex reasoning gaps—preclude autonomous clinical decision-making. …”
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ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE ECONOMICS: MIND MAP FOR NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND WORLDWIDE SCALES by Oleksii Havrylenko, Artem Artyukhov, Oleksandr Dluhopolskyi

“…The research addresses the inadequacy of traditional single-scale approaches by examining complex interconnections and cascading effects of infrastructure decisions across multiple geographical levels. …”
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DOF Enhanced via the Multi-Wavelength Method for the Moiré Fringe-Based Alignment by Kairui Zhang, Haifeng Sun, Dajie Yu, Song Hu, Junbo Liu, Ji Zhou

“…The Moiré fringe-based alignment method has the advantages of high precision and low complexity. However, the precision of this method is highly sensitive to variations in the gap between the wafer and the mask. …”
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Investigating the Relationship Between Liquidity Risk, Credit Risk, and Solvency Risk in Banks Listed on the Iranian Capital Market: A Panel Vector Error Correction Model by Pejman Peykani, Mostafa Sargolzaei, Cristina Tanasescu, Seyed Ehsan Shojaie, Hamidreza Kamyabfar

“…In the aftermath of global financial crises and amid increasing complexity in banking operations, understanding and managing various types of risk—especially liquidity, credit, and solvency risks—has become a global concern for financial stability. …”
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Impact assessment framework of just energy transition: based on the justice principles by Chenyue Shangguan, Ziheng Shangguan, Ziheng Shangguan, Ziheng Shangguan, Ziheng Shangguan, Wen Sun

“…This multi-dimensional framework deepens our understanding of the complexities of JET and encourage critical discourse on the subject.…”
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3D Object Detection Based on Graph Network Fusion Sampling Strategy by LI Wenju, CHEN Zhilin, QU Jiantao, CUI Liu, CHU Wanghui, GAO Hui

“…In the 3D target detection technology based on point cloud, there are problems like high cost of point cloud calculation and large gap between target scales, which lead to low target detection efficiency. …”
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Improving reporting standards in quantitative educational intervention research: introducing the CLOSER and CIDER checklists by Rebecca Upsher, Eleanor Dommett, Sophie Carlisle, Sarah Conner, Geraldene Codina, Anna Nobili, Nicola C. Byrom

“…In educational research, the complexity of interventions and the diversity of contexts challenge the adequacy of existing reporting standards, primarily tailored for health interventions and randomised controlled trials. …”
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A proactive approach to legal privilege in the light of electronic communication by Gyurász Zoltán, Hamuľák Ondrej, Dražová Petra

“…Several questions arise about how this impacts the LPP itself, what challenges attorneys face in maintaining this privilege in digital environments and whether the current legal frameworks are adequate to address the complexities introduced by these technologies. These questions mark a wide gap in understanding, as cases involving the misuse of technology and inadvertent disclosures have started to emerge. …”
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Analysis, Design, and Implementation of a User-Friendly Differential Privacy Application by Reynardo Tjhin, Muhammad Sajjad Akbar, Clement Canonne, Rabia Bashir

“…Differential privacy (DP) has emerged as a robust approach for safeguarding privacy, but its mathematical complexity often limits its accessibility to non-experts. …”
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Unveiling patterns: a data-driven exploration of overseas residents' views on Qingdao's tourism development by Sahand Abdinematabad, Roghaye Ebadikhah, Mehdi Pourabdollah, Reza Rasinojehdehi

“…This research fills this gap by conducting a comprehensive questionnaire survey among Qingdao's overseas community. …”
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Recent advances in biomarker detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma by Lan Liu, Xiaowu Zhong, Yue Zhong, Lihua Li

“…Scalability obstacles still exist, including clinical validation gaps, high implementation costs, and analytical complexity. …”
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A high-performance sub-THz planar antenna array for THz sensing and imaging applications by Muhammad Zubair, Abdul Jabbar, Farooq A. Tahir, Jalil ur Rehman Kazim, Masood Ur Rehman, Muhammad Imran, Bo Liu, Qammer H. Abbasi

“…Recently, research has focused on this terahertz gap, because of its unprecedented channel capacities. …”
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Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Process Control in Industry 4.0: Advantages and Challenges by Nuria Nievas, Adela Pagès-Bernaus, Francesc Bonada, Lluís Echeverria, Xavier Domingo

“…The paper concludes by proposing potential alternatives and avenues for future research to address these challenges, including improving sample efficiency and bridging the simulation-to-reality gap.…”
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Climate change–drylands–food security nexus in Africa: From the perspective of technical advances, challenges, and opportunities by Hirwa, Hubert, Li, Fadong, Qiao, Yunfeng, Measho, Simon, Muhirwa, Fabien, Tian, Chao, Leng, Peifang, Muhirwa, Fabien, Tian, Chao, Leng, Peifang, Ingabire, Romaine, Itangishaka, Auguste Cesar, Chen, Gang, Turyasingura, Benson

“…This study critically reviewed relevant literature to evaluate the complexities and feedback loops between the climate–drylands–food security (CDF) nexus, which helps assess tactics to attain sustainable dryland ecosystem management under the changing environment. …”
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Ascertaining Restaurant Financial Sustainability by Analyzing Menu Performance by Conceição Gomes, Cátia Malheiros, Luís Lima Santos, Filipa Campos

“…The complexity of companies in the restaurant industry is clear, and various techniques can be used to make decisions. …”
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An Accurate Analytical Model for 802.11e EDCA under Different Traffic Conditions with Contention-Free Bursting by Nada Chendeb Taher, Yacine Ghamri-Doudane, Bachar El Hassan, Nazim Agoulmine

“…Additionally, this model is developed in order to be used in admission control procedure, so it was designed to have a low complexity and an acceptable response time. The proposed model is validated by means of both calculations and extensive simulations.…”
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PyPSA-Spain: An extension of PyPSA-Eur to model the Spanish energy system by Cristobal Gallego-Castillo, Marta Victoria

“…PyPSA-Spain fills a methodological gap between European-scale optimisation and national planning, offering a transparent and flexible platform for future energy system analysis in Spain.…”
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Quantifying Yield Losses in Canola (<i>Brassica napus</i>) Caused by <i>Verticillium longisporum</i> by Ji Cui, Stephen E. Strelkov, Sheau-Fang Hwang

“…These results underscore the complexity of assessing disease impacts solely based on symptom severity.…”
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Accurate prediction of synthesizability and precursors of 3D crystal structures via large language models by Zhilong Song, Shuaihua Lu, Minggang Ju, Qionghua Zhou, Jinlan Wang

“…Nevertheless, there is a significant gap between actual synthesizability and thermodynamic or kinetic stability commonly used to screen synthesizable structures. …”
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