Comparing and Analyzing Policy Formulation of Proposed and Final Public Policies by Catherine Chen, Christopher M. Weible, Tanya Heikkila, Jennifer A. Kagan

“…The findings underscore the complexity of policy formulation and the need for theoretical development, the sacrifices in validity when analyzing large samples of public policy using the institutional grammar, and the sizeable variation across states in the content of public policy for the same substantive area. …”
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Recent glacierization of the Tsambagarav ridge (North‑Western Mongolia) and its changes since the Little Ice Age maximum by D. A. Ganyushkin, D. Otgonbayar, K. V. Chistyakov, E. P. Kunaeva, I. V. Volkov

“…Mean weighed altitude of the firn line averaged 3748 m. The flat‑top glaciers accounted for almost 40% of the glacierization area, and the glaciers composed 6 complexes. …”
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Implementing the Dubowitz assessment of gestational age in India and Malawi: a cross-sectional study of participants in a training workshop by Krysten North, Roopa M. Bellad, Carl Bose, Sangappa M. Dhaded, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Veena Herekar, Irving Hoffman, Tisungane Mvalo, Melda Phiri, Friday Saidi, Sunil S. Vernekar, Linda Vesel, Anne C. C. Lee, Katherine E. A. Semrau

“…The Dubowitz assessment is the gold standard among postnatal examinations used to assign gestational age, but implementation has been limited because of examination complexity and training requirements. The objective of this study was to explore factors related to teaching and implementing the Dubowitz examination that may influence its uptake in India and Malawi…”
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Comprehensive Methodology for Turboexpander Units Flow Parts Designing by Roman A. Rusanov, Sergiy V. Moiseiev, Oleg V. Kuprygin, Dmytro V. Kaliamin, Arkadii V. Burniashev, Maksym K. Novikov

“…The methodology includes mathematical methods and models of various levels of complexity, from one-dimensional to spatial ones, as well as experimental research. …”

MPicker: visualizing and picking membrane proteins for cryo-electron tomography by Xiaofeng Yan, Shudong Li, Weilin Huang, Hao Wang, Tianfang Zhao, Mingtao Huang, Niyun Zhou, Yuan Shen, Xueming Li

“…This method improves the visualization of proteins on and around membranes by generating a flattened tomogram that eliminates membrane curvature and reduces the spatial complexity of membrane protein analysis. In MPicker, we integrated approaches for automated particle picking and coarse alignment of membrane proteins for sub-tomogram averaging. …”
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Accurate Wideband RCS Estimation from Limited Field Data Using Infinitesimal Dipole Modeling with Compressive Sensing by Jeong-Wan Lee, Ye Chan Jung, Sung-Jun Yang

“…Furthermore, compared to approaches without compressive sensing, the method shows a 55.1% and a 75.5% reduction in error in averaged RCS for VV-pol and HH-pol, respectively. The proposed method facilitates efficient wideband RCS estimation of various targets while significantly reducing measurement complexity and computational cost.…”
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Numerical investigation of strut-dual cavity flame holders for enhanced combustion performance in scramjet engines by Choubey Gautam, Brar Gurkreetkaur, Kaushik Mrinal

“…Scramjet engines hold significant promise for hypersonic propulsion, yet the complexities of supersonic combustion pose considerable challenges. …”
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Thermal Weakening, Convergent Flow, and Vertical Heat Transport in the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream Shear Margins by N. Holschuh, D. A. Lilien, K. Christianson

“…This work highlights complexity in ice divergence across stagnant/streaming transitions.…”
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Forecasting Civil Aviation Incident Rate in China Using a Combined Prediction Model by Yixiang Sun, Nana Geng

“…With the rapid development of air transportation, the complexity, importance, and severity of civil aviation safety have gradually become prominent. …”
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Deciphering single-cell genomic architecture: insights into cellular heterogeneity and regulatory dynamics by Byunghee Kang, Hyeonji Lee, Tae-Young Roh

“…Main body The advent of single-cell genomics and epigenomics has yielded transformative insights into cellular heterogeneity, behavior, and biological complexity with unparalleled genomic resolution and reproducibility. …”
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Design and implementation of Golden Eagle optimized cascaded PI and LQR controller for PFC SEPIC converter in EV charging by Vijayakumar S, Sudhakar N

“…The SEPIC converter is designed and derived from the state space model by state space averaging, and the reduced model is obtained through the moment matching method to reduce computational complexity. …”
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Pattern Matching-Based Denoising for Images with Repeated Sub-Structures by Anil Kumar Mysore Badarinarayana, Christoph Pratsch, Thomas Lunkenbein, Florian Jug

“…Furthermore, we analyze the time complexity of the algorithm to ensure scalability and optimize the algorithm to improve the runtime efficiency.…”
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Reinforced Residual Encoder–Decoder Network for Image Denoising via Deeper Encoding and Balanced Skip Connections by Ismail Boucherit, Hamza Kheddar

“…Traditional image denoising algorithms often struggle with real-world complexities such as spatially correlated noise, varying illumination conditions, sensor-specific noise patterns, motion blur, and structural distortions. …”
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Turbulence closure modeling with machine learning: a foundational physics perspective by Sharath S Girimaji

“…Revisiting analogies with statistical mechanics and stochastic systems, the key physical complexities and mathematical limitations are explicated. …”
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Investigation of urban land development and utilization using an intelligent AHP algorithm and decision support system by Yanlin Cui

“…The model considers several factors, including infrastructural demands, social effects, economic viability, and environmental sustainability, to manage the complexities and uncertainties inherent in urban land development. …”
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7 Tesla multimodal MRI dataset of ex-vivo human brain by Qinfeng Zhu, Sihui Li, Zuozhen Cao, Yao Shen, Haoan Xu, Guojun Xu, Haotian Li, Zhaopeng Cui, Keqing Zhu, Zhiyong Zhao, Jing Zhang, Dan Wu

“…Abstract Ex-vivo MRI offers invaluable insights into the complexity of the human brain, enabling high-resolution anatomical delineation and integration with histopathology, and thus, contributes to both basic and clinical studies on normal and pathological brains. …”
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Examining the Regional Co‐Variability of the Atmospheric Water and Energy Imbalances in Different Model Configurations—Linking Clouds and Circulation by Guy Dagan, Philip Stier, Beth Dingley, Andrew I. L. Williams

“…The gradual increase in the level of complexity of the model configuration enables an investigation of the effects of rotation, meridional temperature gradient, land‐sea contrast, and seasonal cycle on the co‐variability of the water and energy imbalances. …”
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Numerical Research on Pressure Fluctuation Characteristics of Small-Scale and High-Speed Automotive Pump by Lulu Zheng, Xiaoping Chen, Jinglei Qu, Xiaojie Ma

“…Rotor–stator interaction and the coupling between the clearance flow and main flow amplify the flow complexity in small-scale, high-speed automotive pumps. …”
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IoT—A Promising Solution to Energy Management in Smart Buildings: A Systematic Review, Applications, Barriers, and Future Scope by Mukilan Poyyamozhi, Balasubramanian Murugesan, Narayanamoorthi Rajamanickam, Mohammad Shorfuzzaman, Yasser Aboelmagd

“…This paper provides a comprehensive review of significant obstacles to the use of IoT in smart buildings, including substantial initial expenditures (averaging 15% of project budgets), data security issues, and the complexity of system integration. …”
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Einstein Aggregation Operator Technique for Linguistic q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Hypersoft Set With Application to Sustainable Construction Industry by Muhammad Saqlain, Harish Garg, Wiyada Kumam, Rana Muhammad Zulqarnain

“…To aggregate the various information, we defined some new weighted averaging and geometric operators by using Einstein t-norm operations. …”
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