Modeling complex systems in animal science: A pedagogical framework for new researchers by Luis Orlindo Tedeschi, Dan Tulpan, Hector M. Menendez III, Ricardo Augusto Mendonça Vieira

“…Modelers must balance simplicity and complexity to maintain functionality while reflecting real-world systems. …”
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Closing the Accuracy Gap in Tandem Photovoltaic Testing: An Accessible and Efficient Spectral Tuning Method Using LED-Based Simulators for Research Laboratories and Industry by Tao Song, Charles Mack, Jeremy Brewer, John F. Geisz, Rafell Williams, Daniel J. Friedman, Nikos Kopidakis

“…Accurate performance calibration of multijunction (MJ) solar cells is critical for advancing this technology toward large-scale terrestrial application, yet existing testing methods developed by photovoltaics calibration laboratories remain prohibitively complex and resource intensive for most research laboratories. …”
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Design tasks and their complexity for the European Train Control System with Hybrid Train Detection by Stefan Engels, Tom Peham, Judith Przigoda, Nils Przigoda, Robert Wille

“…In this paper, we fill this gap by providing a formal description of design tasks for ETCS L2 HTD and proof that these tasks are NP-complete or NP-hard, respectively. …”
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Spatiotemporal Profiling of the Pathogen Complex Causing Common Bean Root Rot in China by Li Yang, Xiao-Hong Lu, Bo-Ming Wu, Zeng-Ming Zhong, Shi-Dong Li

“…Despite its agricultural impact, the pathogen complex associated with this disease has been poorly characterized in most provinces. …”
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Understanding the bidirectional association between obesity and risk of psychological distress and depression in young adults in the US: available evidence, knowledge gaps, and fut... by Michael Friedman, Ryan Chang, Zahir Malik Amin, Tanuja Rajan, Rahul Singh, Samuel Yousefzai, Izza Shahid, Khurram Nasir, Zulqarnain Javed

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CO₂ Interaction Mechanism of SnO₂-Based Sensors with Respect to the Pt Interdigital Electrodes Gap by Adelina Stanoiu, Alexandra Corina Iacoban, Catalina Gabriela Mihalcea, Ion Viorel Dinu, Ovidiu Gabriel Florea, Ioana Dorina Vlaicu, Cristian Eugen Simion

“…The morpho-structural analysis revealed that the SnO₂ nanoparticles exhibit well-defined facets along the (110) and (101) crystallographic planes. Complex phenomenological investigations showed that moisture significantly affects the gas sensing performance. …”
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An air quality assessment in the industrialised western Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa by Andrew Venter, Ville Vakkar, Johan Beukes, Pieter van Zyl, Heikki Laakso, Desmond Mabaso, Petri Tiitta, Miroslav Josipovic, Markku Kulmala, Jacobus Pienaar, Lauri Laakso

“…A large fraction of the South African mineral assets is concentrated in the Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC), with the western limb being the most exploited. …”
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Supporting complex skill learning with digital tools in tertiary education: educator’s perspective by Bernarda Letnar, André Klostermann, Mirko Schmidt

“…Understanding the principles underlying the learning of complex sports skills remains limited. This is partly due to challenges of applying rigorous scientific methods to complex real-life tasks outside laboratory environment and limited transferability of findings from simple laboratory-based tasks to real-life complex sports skills learned through years of practice (Yarrow, et. al., 2009). …”
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Downscaling and Gap-Filling GRACE-Based Terrestrial Water Storage Anomalies in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Using Deep Learning and Multi-Source Data by Jun Chen, Linsong Wang, Chao Chen, Zhenran Peng

“…This GRU-derived high-resolution TWSA is especially valuable for dissecting local variability in areas such as the Brahmaputra Basin, where complex water cycling can affect downstream water security. …”
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Structure and identification of the native PLP synthase complex from Methanosarcina acetivorans lysate by Angela Agnew, Ethan Humm, Kang Zhou, Robert P. Gunsalus, Z. Hong Zhou

“…We found that the native PdxS complex exists as a homo-dodecamer of PdxS subunits, and the previously proposed supracomplex containing both the synthase (PdxS) and glutaminase (PdxT) was not observed in cellular lysate. …”
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Anatomy and function of closing muscle complex of the vagina in health and pelvic organ prolapse by G. B. Dikke, A. D. Makatsariya, A. M. Ziganshin, E. A. Shaikhieva, V. O. Bitsadze

“…Damage to this muscle complex results in combined anatomical, topographic and functional changes in the pelvic floor, manifested by descent/prolapse of the pelvic organs and urinary/anal incontinence.…”
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Industrial Activities vs Agricultural Activities in the Profile of the Regions of the Republic of Moldova by Ina Mogildea, Maria Magdalena Turek Rahoveanu

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Mastering blood gas interpretation: A practical guide for primary care providers by Talat Habib, Arun Nair, Shane Murphy, Hamid Saeed, Nyitiba Ishaya

“…Emphasising the recognition of complex acid-base disorders that may coexist even when pH appears normal, it incorporates tools such as delta and osmolar gap calculations to address multiple concurrent metabolic disturbances and clarify the interpretation of mixed acid-base conditions. …”
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The potential of programme theory in bridging the evidence into practice gap in implementation science: a worked example of integrating palliative care into heart failure managemen... by Tracey McConnell, Carolyn Blair, Joanne Reid, Geoff Wong

“…To do this we first explore the ideas and assumptions underpinning implementation science, before we introduce the benefits of realist approaches - which are increasingly recognised as crucial for addressing the research to practice gap paradox as they deal with real world complexity. …”
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Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines in Emerging Energy Applications (1979–2025): Global Trends and Technological Gaps Revealed by a Bibliometric Analysis and Review by Beatriz Salvador-Gutierrez, Lozano Sanchez-Cortez, Monica Hinojosa-Manrique, Adolfo Lozada-Pedraza, Mario Ninaquispe-Soto, Jorge Montaño-Pisfil, Ricardo Gutiérrez-Tirado, Wilmer Chávez-Sánchez, Luis Romero-Goytendia, Julio Díaz-Aliaga, Abner Vigo-Roldán

“…Technologically, active and passive aerodynamic innovations have boosted performance albeit with added complexity, remaining mostly at moderate technology readiness (TRL 3–5), while advanced composite materials are improving durability and fatigue life. …”
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Gaps and Data Ambiguities in DNA Reference Libraries: A Limiting Factor for Molecular‐Based Biodiversity Assessments Using Annelids as a Case Study by Marcos A. L. Teixeira, Eva Aylagas, John K. Pearman, Susana Carvalho

“…Two regional checklists ‐OBIS (498 species) and Wehe & Fiege (892 species)—were cross‐referenced against this database to identify coverage gaps and taxonomic inconsistencies. Only 24% and 23% of species in each checklist, respectively, had corresponding barcodes, and just three species were sampled from the region. …”
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Determining resources and capabilities in complex context: A decision-making model for banks. by Mochammad Ridwan Ristyawan, Utomo Sarjono Putro, Manahan Siallagan

“…However, the dynamic capabilities framework, which serves as a decision-making model, faces three significant issues when selecting resources and capabilities within complex contexts. These issues, identified as research gaps, include context mismatch, inappropriate treatment, and strategy alignment. …”
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Complex Signaling Networks Underlying Blue-Light-Mediated Floral Transition in Plants by Yun Kong, Youbin Zheng

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The Complex Network Theory-Based Urban Land-Use and Transport Interaction Studies by Rui Ding

“…Some traditional integrated studies of urban land-use and traffic networks are summarized and analysed; related research gaps were proposed. Then, this paper reviewed the application of complex network theory in urban land-use and transport research and practice. …”
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Consensus-Based Formation Control for Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Systems in Complex Environments by Xiaofei Chang, Yiming Yang, Zhuo Zhang, Jiayue Jiao, Haoyu Cheng, Wenxing Fu

“…Complex flight conditions, such as navigating narrow gaps in urban high-rise buildings, pose considerable challenges for agent control. …”
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